• 한국포장학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2020

A concept of household container to create and keep the modified atmosphere (MA) beneficial for fresh produce mix was devised and tested under typical chilled storage conditions of 3℃. The container system containing mixed products is initialized by applying weak hypobaric condition (0.9 atm) and subsequently injecting CO₂ gas at an appropriate low level (0.03 atm). The passive atmosphere modification by produce respiration is then induced to reach a target until gas diffusion tube of proper dimension starts to open. The design was made to attain quasi-steady state mass balance of O₂, CO₂ and N₂ to maintain the desired MA through the storage. Interrupted opening for taking out or placing some products was to reinitialize the loop of control logic. The developed concept was tested by the container which held commodities of spinach, pak choi, oyster mushroom, peeled onion, strawberry and cut carrot. The target optimum MA of 11% O₂ and 10% CO₂ (0.11 and 0.10 atm, respectively) was set to avoid injurious range of O₂ and CO₂ concentrations for any commodities. The developed container system could work to reach and maintain beneficial MA of 0.10-0.12 atm O₂ and 0.07-0.10 atm CO₂ close to the target during the storage contributing to quality retention of products measured in weight loss, chlorophyll content of spinach, ascorbic acid content of pak choi, color of onion, texture of oyster mushroom, bacterial count of strawberry and carotenoids of carrot. The container system shows potential to improve current preservation practice of fresh produce mix on consumers' level.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.447-453
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of $Megazone^{(R)}$ (a mineral mix) supplementation on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, blood characteristics, meat quality and carcass traits in weaning-to-finishing pigs. A total of 48 crossbred $(Landrace{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Duroc)$ pigs with initial body weight (BW) of $4.46{\pm}0.18kg$ were used in a 21 wks trial. Pigs were blocked by weight and allotted to two dietary treatments in a completly randomized design. There were 6 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included: 1) Control (CON: basal diet) and 2) MT (basal diet+0.8% $Megazone^{(R)}$). Through the entire experimental period, there were no effects of dietary $Megazone^{(R)}$ supplementation on growth performance nutrients digestibility, blood characteristics and meat quality traits (p>0.05). Market weight and backfat thickness also had no differences between the two treatments (p>0.05). However, carcass weight and carcass ratio in MT treatment were improved significantly compared with CON treatment (p<0.05). In conclusion, supplmentation of $Megazone^{(R)}$ can increase carcass weight and carcass ratio in weaning-to-finishing pigs, however, it has no effects on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, blood characteristics and meat quality traits.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.243-257
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• 2017

Investigating the properties and durability of high-strength concrete exposed to sulfuric acid attack for the purpose of its application in structures exposed to this acid is of outmost importance. In this research, the resistance and durability of high-strength concrete containing macro-polymeric or steel fibers together with the pozzolans of silica fume or nano-silica against sulfuric acid attack are explored. To accomplish this goal, in total, 108 high-strength concrete specimens were made with 9 different mix designs containing macro-polymeric and steel fibers at the volume fractions of 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0%, as well as the pozzolans of silica fume and nano-silica with the replacement levels of 10 and 2%, respectively. After placing the specimens inside a 5% sulfuric acid solution in the periods of 7, 21, and 63 days of immersion, the effect of adding the fibers and pozzolans on the compressive properties, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and weight loss of high-strength concrete was investigated and the respective results were compared with those of the reference specimens. The obtained results suggest the dependency of the resistance and durability loss of high-strength concrete against sulfuric acid attack to the properties of fibers as well as their fraction in concrete volume. Moreover, compared with using nano-silica, using silica fume in the fibrous concrete mix leads to more durable specimens against sulfuric acid attack. Finally, an optimum solution for the design parameters where the crushing load of high-strength fibrous concrete is maximized was found using response surface method (RSM).

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2013

PURPOSES : The main purposes of this study are to examine the influences of polyethylene wax-based WMA additive on the optimum asphalt content of warm-recycled asphalt mixture based on the Marshall mix design and to evaluate performance of warm-recycled asphalt mixture containing 30% RAP with polyethylene wax-based WMA additive. METHODS: Physical and rheological properties of the residual asphalt were evaluated in terms of penetration, softening point, ductility and performance grade (PG) in order to examine the effects of polyethylene wax-based WMA additive on the residual asphalt. Also, To evaluate performance characteristics of the warm-recycled asphalt mixtures using polyethylene wax-based WMA additive along with a control hot-recycled asphalt mixture, indirect tensile strength test, modified Lottman test, dynamic immersion test, wheel tracking test and dynamic modulus test were conduced in the laboratory. RESULTS : Based on the limited laboratory test results, polyethylene wax-based WMA additive is effective to decrease mixing and compacting temperatures without compromising the volumetric characteristics of warm-recycled asphalt mixtures compared to hot-recycled asphalt mixture. Also, it doesn't affect the optimum asphalt content on recycled-asphalt mixture. All performance test results show that the performance of warm-recycled asphalt mixture using polyethylene wax-based WMA additive is similar to that of a control hot-recycled asphalt mixture. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the performance of warm-recycled asphalt mixture using polyethylene wax-based WMA additive is comparable to hot-recycled asphalt mixture.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.68-79
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• 1998

In the years, the concern about high-strength concrete which is new material has been heightened as a result of active research and development. Recently, as the building structure has been being bigger, higher, longer and more specialized, the demand of material with high-strength concrete for building has been increasing. The demand of high -strength concrete is expected to increase with expansion of usage about the complex concrete structures such as bridge structure as well as nuclear plants, underground structures, hydraulic structures and arctic area sturctures. In this research, silica-fume was used as an admixture in order to get a high-strength concrete. Water/binder ration was limited no more than 18 percent and the amount of unit cement was increased. In this study, a number of trial in concrete mix was carried out to get optimal mix design, and the target slump with $10{\pm}2cm$ was set for in-situ construction. High-strength concrete with cylinder strength of 1,200kgf/$cm^2$ in the 28-days was produced and tested. The static test was carried out to measure the ultimate load, the initial load of flexural and diagonal cracking, crack patterns, fracture modes. The load versus strain and load versus deflection relations were obtained form the static test. The test results were compared with the shear strengths predicted by the equations of ACI code 318-89 and orther researchers. Based on the test results, shear strength equation of reinforced concrete beam using high strength concrete was proposed. Form an evaluation of the results of this experimental investigation, it was concluded that shear strength after diagonal tention cracking diminished with the increase in compressive strength for beams.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2004

황산염에 의한 원전 콘크리트 구조물의 침식을 예측하기 위하여 경과시간에 따른 팽창응력, 확산계수 등을 종합적으로 고려할 수 있는 Mechanistic 모델을 적용하였다. 적용배합은 원전 구조물 건설에 사용되었던 설계기준강도 385, 280 및 $210kgf/cm^2$의 3종으로 하였으며, 1종과 5종 포틀랜드시멘트를 시용하였다. 또한 시멘트 종류 및 설계기준강도별 로 1년간 10% 황산나트륨 용액에서 침지실험을 실시하여 각 배합별 확산계수 및 압축강도를 구하였으며, 그 결과를 예측모델식에 사용하여 원전 콘크리트 구조물의 황산염 침식을 예측하였다. 대상 배합의 황산염 확산계수는 $0.5763{\sim}3.9002{\times}10^{-12}m^2/sec.$였으며, 원전 콘크리트 구조물의 황산염 침식속도는 0.1~7.1 mm/year로 예측되었다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2007년도 춘계학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.33-36
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• 2007

In order to select the optimum mix for the required fluidity and strength of mass concrete which is applied to transfer girder and to choose the optimum curing method depending on circumstances through hydration heat analysis of mass concrete, this study examined slump flow, air content and elapsed variation (0, 30, 60, 90) in unhardened concrete properties and reviewed compressive strength characteristics in hardening properties. And hydration heat analysis results through simulation are as follows; 1) Fluidity changes of unhardened concrete showed no significant difference, and those of elapsed variation also showed no difference but a bit of tendency to increase in comparison with the initial properties. 2) The higher the water-binder ratio was, the lower the compressive strength properties were, and the higher the fly ash replacement rate was, the lower the compressive strength development was. 3) In case of $Fc=40N/mm^2$, the optimum mix was fly ash replacement rate of 15% from water-binder ratio of 33.0%. 4) Hydration heat analysis results showed that in case of bundle cast, concrete temperature profile characteristics around transfer girder was unfavorable, and in case of separate cast, constant curing for at least seven days guaranteed thermal cracking index of 1.2.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 제20권1호
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• pp.977-980
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• 2008

최근 터널 라이닝콘크리트의 고질적인 문제점 중에서 유동성 부족 및 충전 불량을 해결하기 위해 자기충전 콘크리트를 적용하고자 하는 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 최근 다년간에 걸친 연구 결과인 개발한 자기충전 라이닝콘크리트(이하 SCLC로 약함)를 타설 전.후의 유동 특성 및 역학적 특성을 검토하여 현장적용 타당성을 검증하고자 하였다. Packing Factor 배합법에 의해 개발된 SCLC를 현장여건과 골재특성에 따라 현장배합으로 변경하여 타설하였으며 타설 전 SCLC의 Slump flow, 공기량 등을 통하여 유동성능과 내구성능을 검토하였다. 또한, 시간경과에 따른 Slump flow loss를 측정하여 현장타설 가능성을 평가하고자 하였다. 나아가 국내 터널 라이닝에 적용된 첫 번째 타설임을 감안하여 차후 자기충전 라이닝콘크리트를 현장 적용할 때 주의해야할 사항 등과 시공방법을 제시하고자 하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.73-89
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• 2016

The stress dependence of ultrasonic wave velocity is known as the acoustoelastic effect. This effect is useful for stress monitoring if the acoustoelastic coefficient of a subject medium is known. The acoustoelastic coefficients of metallic materials such as steel have been studied widely. However, the acoustoelastic coefficient of concrete has not been well understood yet. Basic constituents of concrete are water, cement, and aggregates. The mix proportion of those constituents greatly affects many mechanical and physical properties of concrete and so does the acoustoelastic coefficient of concrete. In this study, influence of the water-cement ratio (w/c ratio) and the fine-coarse aggregates ratio (fa/ta ratio) on the acoustoelastic coefficient of concrete was investigated. The w/c and the fa/ta ratios are important parameters in mix design and affect wave behaviors in concrete. Load-controlled uni-axial compression tests were performed on concrete specimens. Ultrasonic wave measurements were also performed during the compression tests. The stretching coda wave interferometry method was used to obtain the relative velocity change of ultrasonic waves with respect to the stress level of the specimens. From the experimental results, it was found that the w/c ratio greatly affects the acoustoelastic coefficient while the fa/ta ratio does not. The acoustoelastic coefficient increased from $0.003073MPa^{-1}$ to $0.005553MPa^{-1}$ when the w/c ratio was increased from 0.4 to 0.5. On the other hand, the acoustoelastic coefficient changed in small from $0.003606MPa^{-1}$ to $0.003801MPa^{-1}$ when the fa/ta ratio was increased from 0.3 to 0.5. Finally, it was also found that the relative velocity change has a linear relationship with the stress level of concrete.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2017

콘크리트의 내구성 요인은 오랜기간동안 많은 연구자들에 의하여 다양한 연구가 진행되었다. 특히 화학적 침식과 관련하여서도 산 알칼리, 염, 그중에서도 황산염 침식 등에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그런데 화학적 침식 중 유지류의 경우는 모르타르의 팽창을 일으켜 파괴할 수 있다고 보고되어 있지만, 유지류 종류의 영향, 모르타르의 조직구성과는 어떤 관계가 있고, 파괴 패턴 등은 구체적으로 연구된 바가 없다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 시중에서 유통되는 각종 유지류에 대한 시멘트 모르타르의 배합비별 침지에 따른 열화특성을 분석하고자 하였다. 실험 결과 유지류 종류 중에서는 BI(바이오디젤)가 가장 피해가 크고 모르타르 배합비는 빈배합일수록 비누화 반응에 따른 팽창파괴가 크게 나타남을 알 수 있었다.