• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.21 no.3 s.54
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• pp.209-218
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• 2006

합성화학물질들이 환경으로의 유입은 인체에는 물론 환경생태계에 많은 영향을 미치므로 이들의 유해성 검증은 매우 중요한 일이라 할 수 있다. 실제 산업체에서 사용되는 수많은 화학물질들의 유전적 손상 유발유무는 유해성검증에서 무엇보다 중요한 일이라 할 수 있다. 이에 산업체 공정과정에서 널리 사용되는 것으로 알려진 17종의 합성화학물질에 대해 마우스의 말초 혈의 망상적혈구를 이용한 in vivo 소핵시험을 수행하여, 소핵형성 유발유무를 관찰하였다. 양성대조군으로 사용된 mitomycin C는 음성대조군과 비교시 유의하게 소핵을 유발하는 반면, 비교적 마우스에서 높은 50% 치사량을 보이는 benzoyl chloride, p-toluene sulfonic acid 및 4,4'-sulfonyldianiline 등의 합성물질들을 포함한 총 17종의 물질들은 본 실험결과 통계적으로 유의하게 소핵을 유발하지 않는 것을 관찰 할 수 있었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.64-68
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• 1996

Chromosomal aberration tests in vitro using Chinese hamster lung(CHL) cells were carried out to evaluate the possible role of the MeOH extract of Ecklonia stolonifera in modulating the chromosomal damage induced by Mitomycin C(MMC) and Benzo(a)pyrene(B(a)P), respectively. The MeOH extract of Ecklonia stolonifera(260$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) reduced significantly the incidence of chromosomal aberration induced by treatment with B(a)P by 80%. The suppressive effect was much stronger than that of $\beta$-carotene, which is well known antimu-tagen. However, there was no marked decrease in the chromosomal aberration induced by MMC. In the tests involving chromosomal aberration induced by the treatment of the MeOH extract of Exklonia stlolnifera alone, there was no significant increase in comparison with the negative control. The results would seem to indicate that. at least under the conditions examined, the MeOH extract of Ecklonis stolonifera decreased the chromosomal aberrations induced by B(a)P in the CHL cells, but had little effect on the chromosomal aberration induced by MMC.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.333-340
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• 2022

Leuconostoc has been used as a principal starter in natural kimchi fermentation, but limited research has been conducted on its phages. In this study, prophage distribution and characterization in kimchi-derived Leuconostoc strains were investigated, and phage induction was performed. Except for one strain, 16 Leuconostoc strains had at least one prophage region with questionable and incomplete regions, which comprised 0.5-6.0% of the bacterial genome. Based on major capsid protein analysis, ten intact prophages and an induced incomplete prophage of Leu. lactis CBA3626 belonged to the Siphoviridae family and were similar to Lc-Nu-like, sha1-like, phiMH1-like, and TPA_asm groups. Bacterial immunology genes, such as superinfection exclusion proteins and methylase, were found on several prophages. One prophage of Leu. lactis CBA3626 was induced using mitomycin C and was confirmed as belonging to the Siphoviridae family. Homology of the induced prophage with 21 reported prophages was not high (< 4%), and 47% identity was confirmed only with TPA_asm from Siphoviridae sp. isolate ct3pk4. Therefore, it is suggested that Leuconostoc from kimchi had diverse prophages with less than 6% genome proportion and some immunological genes. Interestingly, the induced prophage was very different from the reported prophages of other Leuconostoc species.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.211-223
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• 1995

The antitumor effect of 柴胡(Bupleuri Radix : BP), 茵陳(Artemisiae capillaris Herba; ACH) 및 蒲公英(Taraxaci Herba; TH) and 蒲公英 EE層(Ethyl ether layer of TH; EETH) on human hepatocytes such as Hep G2, PLC and Hep 3B, and synergistic action with the anticancer drugs, that is, mitomycin(MMC), cisplatin(CPT) and 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) were studied by the method of MTT. The results were obtained as follows: 1. $IC_{50}$ against Hep G2, PLC and Hep 3B was $15.5{\mu}g/ml$, $25.4{\mu}g/ml$ and 31.25 in MMC, $92.5{\mu}g/ml$, $50.2{\mu}g/ml$ and $62.5{\mu}g/ml$ in CPT and $125{\mu}g/ml$ in 5-FU respectively. 2. Cytotoxic effect on Hep G2 was obvious in BP-treated group, synergistic action was most effective in TH-treated group or with MMC. 3. Cytotoxic effect on Hep 3B was obvious in ACH-treated group, synergistic action was most effective in ACH-treated group or with MMC. 4. Cytotoxic effect on PLC was obvious in ACH-treated group, synergistic action was most effective in TH-treated group or with MMC. From above results it was concluded that ACH showed the best antitumor effect against PLC and Hep 3B, BP aganst Hep G2 and also synergistic effect was most effective with MMC, which indicates that it is necessary to seperate the antitumor substances in ACH.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.119-126
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• 1993

From 1988 to 1991, nineteen patients with unresectable localized pancreatic carcinoma were treated with radiotherapy and/or hyperthermia or in combination with chemotherapy. Radiation dose of 4500-5000 cGy with or without additional 500-1000 cGy was administered over 5 to 6 weeks to the pancreatic tumor area using 10 MV linear accelerator. Five of 19 patients were given chemotherapy, either neoadjuvant or maintenance setting with FAM regimen (5-FU, adriamycin and mitomycin C), which was repeated every 4 weeks for one year or until progression. Symptomatic palliation was achieved in 17 among 19 patients ($89{\%}$) and objective response (complete or partial response in CT finding) was achieved in 5 among 11 patients ($45{\%}$). The median survival time was 9 months and one-year survival rate, $32{\%}$. Local-regional failure was documented in 10 among 13 patients ($77{\%}$) and distant failures were found in the liver (3 patients) and carcinomatosis (2 patients). Prognostic significance of various factors such as age, sex, performance status, tumor location, stage, etc. were assessed. Any factors did not have the prognostic significance in univariate analysis. Treatment was well tolerated in most of the patients with only mild to moderate toxicity.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2009

Functional defects in mitochondria are involved in the induction of cell death in cancer cells. We assessed the toxic effect of camptothecin against the human cervical and uterine tumor cell line SiHa with respect to the mitochondria-mediated cell death process, and examined the combined effect of camptothecin and anticancer drugs. Camptothecin caused apoptosis in SiHa cells by inducing mitochondrial membrane permeability changes that lead to the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased Bcl-2 levels, cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation, formation of reactive oxygen species and depletion of GSH. Combination of camptothecin with other anticancer drugs (carboplatin, paclitaxel, doxorubicin and mitomycin c) or signaling inhibitors (farnesyltransferase inhibitor and ERK inhibitor) did not enhance the camptothecin-induced cell death and caspase-3 activation. These results suggest that camptothecin may cause cell death in SiHa cells by inducing changes in mitochondrial membrane permeability, which leads to cytochrome c release and activation of caspase-3. This effect is also associated with increased formation of reactive oxygen species and depletion of GSH. Combination with other anticancer drugs (or signaling inhibitors) does not appear to increase the anti-tumor effect of camptothecin against SiHa cells, but rather may reduce it. Combination of camptothecin with other anticancer drugs does not seem to provide a benefit in the treatment of cervical and uterine cancer compared with camptothecin monotherapy.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.243-249
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• 1997

Purpose : In radiation therapy, NTCF is very importart indicator of selecting the optimal treatment plan. In our study, we tried to find out usefullness of NTCP in lung cancer by comparng the incidence of radiation pneumonitis with NTCP. Materials and Methods : From August 1993 to December 1994, thirty six patients with locally advanced non=small cell lung cancer were treated by concurrent chemoradiation therapy. Total dose of radiation therapy was 6480cGy (120cGy, bid) and chemotherapeutlc agents were mitomycin C. vinblastion, cisplatin (2 cycles, 4 weeks interval). We evaluated the development of raniation pneumonitis by CT scan, chest x-rar and clinical symptoms. We used grading system of South Western Oncology Group (SWOG) for radiation pneumanitis. Dose Volume Histograms (DVH) were analyzed for ipsilateral and whole lung, Non uniform DVH was translated to uniform DVH by effective volume method. With these data, we calculated NTCP for ipsilateral and whole lung. Finally we compared the clinical results to NTCP. Results : Eight of thrity six patients developed radiation pneumonitis. Of these 8 patients , 6 had grade I severity and 2 had grade II. The average NTCP value cf the patients who showed radiation pneumonitis was significantly higher than that uf the patients without pneumonitis $(66\%\;vs.\;26.4\%)$. But the results of pulmonary function test was not correlated with NTCP. Conclusion : NTCP of lung is very good indicator for selecting rival treatment planning in lung cancer. According to the results of NTCP, it may be possible to adjust target volume and optimize target dose. In the near future, we are going to anaiyze the effect of hyperfractionation and concurrent chemotherapy in addition to NTCP.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.215-219
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• 1991

To evaluate the effect of MVP chemotherapy and hyperfractionated radiotherapy in Stage III unresectable non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), authors have conducted a prospective randomized study since January 1991, Stage IIIa or IIIb unresectable NSCLC patients were treated with hyperfractionated radiotherapy (120 cGy/fx BID) up to 6500 cGy following 3 cycles of induction MVP (Mitomycin C 6 mg/$m^2$, Vinblastine 6 mg/$m^2$, Cisplatin 60 mg/$m^2$) and randomized for either observation or 3 cycles of maintenance MVP chemotherapy. Until August 1991, 18 patients were registered to this study. 4 cases were stage IIIa and 14 were stage IIIb. Among 18 cases 2 were lost after 2 cycles of chemotherapy, and 46 were analyzed for this preliminary report. The response rate of induction chemotherapy was $62.5\%$ : partial response, $50\%$ and minimal response, $12.5\%$. Residual tumor of the one partial responder was completely disappeared after radiotherapy. Among 6 cases who were progressed during induction chemotherapy, 4 of them were also progressed after radiotherapy. All patients were tolerated BID radiotherapy without definite increase of acute complications, compared with conventional radiotherapy group. But at the time of this report, one patient expired in two month after the completion of the radiotherapy because of treatment related complication. Although the longer follow up is needed, authors are encouraged with higher response rate and acceptable toxicity of this treatment. Authors believe that this study is worthwhile to continue.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.76-83
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• 1995

Background: Despite advances in chemotherapy, the treatment of inoperable non-small cell carcinoma of the lung remains poor. According to the recent reports, the response rates of mitomycin, vinblastine, and cisplatin(MVP) chemotherapy are higher than those of other cisplatin based polychemotherapy and MVP chemotherapy can be used as neoadjuvant chemotherapeutic regimen. But the overall response rates of MVP chemotherapy range from 17 to 53 percent, so we studied the effect of MVP chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Method: We treated forty patients with stage III or IV non-small cell lung cancer with two courses of MVP chemotherapy($8mg/m^2$ of mitomycin on day 1, $6mg/m^2$ of vinblastine on day 2 & day 14, and $100mg/m^2$ of cisplastin on day 1) at 4 weeks interval. Then all patients were evaluated the response of chemotherapy 4 weeks later, and received further chemotherapy, palliative radiotherapy or supportive therapy according to the patient's condition. We also determined the median survival time and prognostic factors. Results: 1) Nine patients(23%) had a partial reponse, 23 patients(57%) had a stable disease, and disease progressed in 8 patients(20%). There were no patients with complete response. 2) The overall median survival time was 36 weeks(range, 9 to 119+ weeks). The median survival time of responder(partial response) and non-responder(stable and progressed) groups were 60 weeks(range, 36 to 82+ weeks) and 31 weeks(range, 9 to 119+ weeks) respectively(p=0.03). 3) The median survival time of the female group was 71 weeks and significantly prolonged in comparision with 35 weeks of the male group(p=0.01). But, the other prognostic factors didn't affect the survival time and response rate. 4) The median survival times of chemotherapy group and chemotherapy with palliative radiotherapy group were not significantly different. Conclusion: MVP combined chemotherapy is unsatisfactory in improving survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Therefore, further studies are needed to find more active new agents and to estabilish the efficacy of the combined treatment with radiotherapy and/or surgery.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.165-178
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• 1979

Phages of Lactobaciilus casei (PLC) isolated from plant drainage were classified and characterized. The results are as follows : 1. On the basis of host range pattern, phages could be divided into 2 groups (PLC-B and PLC-C). PLC-B group phages could be further divided into 5 sub-groups $(B_1, \;B_2, \;B_3, \;B_4, \;and\;B_5)$. Although PLC-C group phages had the same host range, they could be also divided into 2 sub-groups $(C_1\;and\;C_2)$ by morphlogical type. 2. It was $B_3$ group phages that represented a major proportion (44.4%) of phages tested. However, $B_1$ group phages were shown to have the widest host range. 3. Electron micrographs revealed that the phages fell into three different morphological types. $(B_1, \;B_2, \;and\;B_3)$ group phages hd a hexagonal head (52nm in diameter) and a sheathless noncontractile (245 nm in length). $B_4\;and\;C_2$ group phages had a hexagonal head (56 nm) and a short flexible tail (169nm) having no sheath. $B_5\;and\;C_1$ group phages were shown to have a hexagonal head (81 nm) and a contractile tail (140 nm) having a sheath, a base plate and tail fibers. 4. The inactivation of the phages by antisera indicated that serological relationships correlated completely with morphological types. 5. $B_1, \;C_1\;and\;C_2$ group phages produced a large (1, 2 mm in diameter) plaque with a clear ring. The morphology of plaques of $B_3\;and\;B_5$ group phages was the same as those produced by the above, but the average plaque sizes for $B_3\;and\;B_5$ were 0.8 mm abd 0.5 mm, respectively. $B_2\;and\;B_4$ group phages produced a small (0.5 mm) turbid plaque with an irregular edge. 6. The latent period and the average burst size of $B_1\;and\;B_3$ group phages were 90 min and 100, respectively. These phages reuqired calcium ions for their miltiplication. 7. $B_3$ group phages could not be absrobed to R-variant $KC_1$. 8. The order of resistance of phages to heat was $B_2\;>\;B_1, B_4\;and\;B_5\;>\;B_3\;and\;C_2, \;B_5$ group phages were more stable than $B_3$ in various pH values. $C_2$ group phages were more sensitive to UV irradiation than $B_1\;and\;B_3$ group phages. 9. Strains YIT9018 and IAM 1043 were induced by mitomycin C treatment. Phage particles detected in the lysates had a hexagonal head (38 and 49 nm, respectively), but no tail. Any sensitive indicator strain could not be isolated in spite of repaeated trials.