• 제목/요약/키워드: Mitochondrial activity

검색결과 608건 처리시간 0.023초

Serum Deprivation Enhances Apoptotic Cell Death by Increasing Mitochondrial Enzyme Activity

  • Moon, Eun-Yi
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2008
  • Mitochondria are important sensor of apoptosis. $H_2O_2-induced$ cell death rate was enhanced by serum deprivation. In this study, we investigated whether serum deprivation using 0.5 or 3 % FBS induces apoptotic cell death through mitochondrial enzyme activation as compared to 10 % FBS. Apoptotic cell death was observed by chromosome condensation and the increase of sub-G0/G1 population. Serum deprivation reduced cell growth rate, which was confirmed by the decrease of S-phase population in cell cycle. Serum deprivation significantly increased caspase-9 activity and cytochrome c release from mitochondria into cytosol. Serum deprivation-induced mitochondrial changes were also indicated by the increase of ROS production and the activation of mitochondrial enzyme, succinate dehydrogenase. Mitochondrial enzyme activity increased by serum deprivation was reduced by the treatment with rotenone, mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor. In conclusion, serum deprivation induced mitochondrial apoptotic cell death through the elevation of mitochondrial changes such as ROS production, cytochrome c release and caspase-9 activation. It suggests that drug sensitivity could be enhanced by the increase of mitochondrial enzyme activity in serum-deprived condition.

영지버섯과 표고버섯 원형질 융합체의 미토콘드리아 DNA 검색 (Mitochondrial DNA Analysis in Fusants of Ganoderma lucidum and Lentinus edodes)

  • 최은주;정영자;이영재;김병각;현진원
    • 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.199-204
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    • 2002
  • It has been known that Ganoderma lucidum and Lentinus edodes have anticancer activity and immune enhancing activity. These two mushrooms were grown in liquid culture and harvested. From these mycelia, DNA was isolated and EtBr-CsCl density gradient ultracentrifugation was performed to purify it further. Then mitochondrial DNA was isolated by bisbenzimide-CsCl density ultracentrifugaton. Mitochondrial DNA of Ganoderma lucidum was digested by restriction enzymes, EcoR I, Hind Ⅲ, and Pst I, then electrophoresed. It showed 12, 22, 4 fragments. Mitochondrial DNA of Lentinus edodes was digested by EcoR I. Electric pattern showed 6 fragments. 4 fragments had appeared by Pst 1 digested mitochondrial DNA. Hind ill couldn't digest mitochondrial DNA of Lentinus edodes. Mitochondrial DNA of fusants was isolated to compare to those of parents. The results showed that fusant P₂S₄has new, recombined mitochondrial DNA. But P₂S₄had the same DNA that Ganoderma lucidum had.

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느타리버섯 중의 광감응성 Mitochondrial ATP Synthase 에 관한 연구 (Studies on the Light-Induced Mitochondrial ATP Synthase in Pleurotus ostreotus)

  • 이갑득;민태진
    • 한국균학회지
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    • 제17권4호
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    • pp.177-183
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    • 1989
  • 1. 느타리버섯 중의 미토콘드리아는 설탕농도 44% 층에서 분리 정제되었다. 2. 파장 변화에 따른 mitochondrial ATP synthase의 활성도는 480nm의 빛이 조사될 때 가장 크게 증가되었다. 3. 최적 파장 480nm의 빛 조사 시간 변화에 따른 활성도는 15분 동안 조사하였을 때 가장 크게 증가하였다. 4. 위의 최적 빛 조사 조건에서 이 효소의 최적 pH는 7.5, 최적 온도는 $56^{\circ}C$였다. 5. 최적 광 조건에서 얻은 이 효소는 $Fe^{3+}$, $Fe^{2+}$ 그리고 $K^{+}$ 이온에 의하여 활성화 되었으나, $Na^{+}$ 이온에 의해서는 억제되었다.

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난소절제와 Genistein 투여가 간 미토콘드리아 기능에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Ovariectomy and Genistein on Hepatic Mitochondrial Function)

  • 이영민;정명호;이연숙;송지현
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제37권9호
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    • pp.786-793
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    • 2004
  • Women with menopause or rats with ovariectomy is associated with increased body weight, body fat and insulin resistance, which are components of metabolic syndrome. Increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome after menopause might be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, since mitochondrial oxidative and phosphorylation activity is strongly correlated with insulin sensitivity. Although estradiol replacement prevents the metabolic syndrome, harmful effect of estradiol hampers the casual usage to prevent the metabolic syndrome. It has been reported that genistein has a mild estrogenic activity, decreases fat mass in mice and has an antidiabetic role in diabetic rats. Although insulin resistance is closely related to mitochondrial functions, there has not been yet any study in regard to the effect of dietary genistein on mitochondrial function in the insulin resistant female subjects induced by ovariectomy or similar situation. The present study investigated whether the supplementation of genistein in the high fat diet affected the mitochondrial function of high fat fed ovariectomized rats. Female Sprague Dawley rats (8 weeks old) were assigned to the following groups: sham-operated+ high fat diet (S, n=6); sham-operated + high fat diet with 0.1% genistein (S + G, n=7); ovariectomized + high fat diet (OVX, n=8); ovariectomized + high fat diet with 0.1% genistein (OVX+ G, n=8). Ovariectomy significantly increased body weight compared with S group. Genistein consumption in ovariectomized (OVX + G) rats decreased body weight gain compared with OVX rats. Liver weights were increased by ovariectomy. The hepatic mitochondrial protein density expressed as mg per g liver was lower in the OVX group than in the S group. However, OVX + G group showed the increased mitochondrial protein density similar to the level of S group. When mRNA levels of genes related to mitochondria such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ coactivator 1 (PGC-1) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit III (COX III) were measured, there were decreases in the mRNA levels of PGC-1 and COX III in S + G, OVX and OVX + G group. The activity of cytochrome c oxidase was not different between groups. We could observe the decrease in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity per g liver in OVX rats. Genistein supplement increased SDH activity. In conclusion, genistein supplementation to the OVX rats enhanced mitochondrial function by increasing mitochondrial protein density and SDH activity. The improvement in mitochondrial function by genistein can contribute to the improvement in metabolic syndrome.

흰쥐에서 Acetaldehyde 대사에 미치는 복어추출물의 영향 (The Effect of Puffer Fish Extract on the Acetaldehyde Metabolism in Rat)

  • 김동훈;김동수;최종원
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제23권2호
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    • pp.187-191
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    • 1994
  • The present stduy was undertaken to investigate the possible effect of Puffer fish skin extract (Pf) on the heptic acetaldehyde metabolism . It was obsrved that PF markedly decreased the acetaldehyde levels in blood and liver. The activity of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (Ald DH) increased by induction of acute intoxicatiion of alcohol (5 g/kg) was further increased through pretreatment with PF for 2 weeks. When PF was given to rat fed with 25% alcohol solution instead of water for 6 weeks. the activity of Ald DH in mitochondrial fraction decreased to about 28% compared with sucrose-treated group. But after pretreatemnt of PF, the activity was restored to the normal level. By the treatment with disulfiram (300 mg/kg, once a day for 3days) was restored to the control after the pretreatment with PF. And also mitochondrial Ald DH activity in vitro was not changed. All these observations suggest that reduction of acetaldehyde levels are partly due to increase activity of mitochondrial Ald DH. Therefore, the recovery from intoxication of acetaldehyde may be enhanced by treatment with PF.

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Proposed Mechanisms of Photobiomodulation (PBM) Mediated via the Stimulation of Mitochondrial Activity in Peripheral Nerve Injuries

  • Choi, Ji Eun
    • Medical Lasers
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    • 제10권4호
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    • pp.195-200
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    • 2021
  • Evidence shows that nerve injury triggers mitochondrial dysfunction during axonal degeneration. Mitochondria play a pivotal role in axonal regeneration. Therefore, normalizing mitochondrial energy metabolism may represent an elective therapeutic strategy contributing to nerve recovery after damage. Photobiomodulation (PBM) induces a photobiological effect by stimulating mitochondrial activity. An increasing body of evidence demonstrates that PBM improves ATP generation and modulates many of the secondary mediators [reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and calcium ions (Ca2+)], which in turn activate multiple pathways involved in axonal regeneration.

Effects of Curcumin on Sperm Motility, Viability, Mitochondrial Activity and Plasma Membrane Integrity in Boar Semen

  • Lee, A-Sung;Lee, Sang-Hee;Lee, Seunghyung;Yang, Boo-Keun
    • 대한의생명과학회지
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.406-410
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    • 2017
  • Curcumin is known as a natural antioxidant, decreasing oxidative stress in animal cells. Generally, oxidative stress induces reactive oxygen species in sperm and leads to decreased sperm characteristics in pigs. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of curcumin on sperm motility, viability, mitochondrial activity and plasma membrane integrity in pigs. Curcumin (0, 5 and $10{\mu}M$) was treated in boar semen, which were incubated for 9 hours in $37^{\circ}C$. Then, motility, viability, mitochondrial activity, plasma membrane integrity of sperm was analyzed every 3 hours. In the results, sperm motility was significantly increased by $5{\mu}M$ curcumin after 3 and 9 hours after incubation, and viability was significantly higher in $5{\mu}M$ curcumin treatment at 3 hours (P<0.05). Similarly, sperm mitochondrial activity and plasma membrane integrity were significantly increased by $5{\mu}M$ curcumin at 3, 6 and 9 hours after incubation (P<0.05). There results suggest that curcumin improve sperm characteristics such as motility, viability, mitochondrial activity, and plasma membrane integrity, and may exert a positive effect on sperm fertility in pigs.

Purification of Mitochondrial Matrix Aldehyde Dehydrogenase from Pig Brain

  • Kim, Kyu-Tae;Lee, Young-Don
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제28권2호
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    • pp.177-183
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    • 1995
  • The activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in the cerebrum, cerebellum, striatum, and medulla oblongata was examined and mitochondrial matrix ALDH was purified prior to immunohistochemical study on the localization of ALDH isozymes in pig brain. Relatively high enzyme activity was found in the striatum and medulla oblongata when using indole-3-acetaldehyde as substrate, and in the striatum when using 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL). The main part of mitochondrial ALDH activities with both acetaldehyde and DOPAL existed in the matrix fraction. The ratio of activity of the matrix to the membrane fraction in the cerebrum was higher than in the cerebellum, suggesting that the distribution pattern of ALDH isozymes was different according to the brain regions. The 276-fold purified mitochondrial matrix ALDH from pig brain was identified to be homologous tetramers with 53 KD subunits. The enzyme showed maximal activity at pH 9.0 and was stable in the temperature range from $25^{\circ}C$ to $37^{\circ}C$. The mitochondrial matrix ALDH activity was considerably inhibited by acetaldehyde in vitro. The $K_m$ values of the enzyme for acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde were 5.8 mM and 4.9 mM, respectively, whereas $K_m$ values for indole-3-acetaldehyde and DOPAL were 44 ${\mu}M$ and 1.6 ${\mu}M$, respectively. The $V_{max}/K_{m}$ ratio was the highest with DOPAL as compared with other substrates. These results suggested that mitochondrial matrix ALDH in the present work might be a low Km isozyme involved in biogenic aldehyde oxidation in pig brain.

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Effects of Turine and Vitamin E on Sperm Viability, Membrane Integrity and Mitochondrial Activity damaged by Bromopropane in Fresh Boar Semen

  • Lee, Seunghyung;Park, Hee-Woo;Cheong, Hee-Tae;Park, Choon-Keun;Yang, Boo-Keun
    • 한국수정란이식학회지
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    • 제31권1호
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    • pp.13-17
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of taurine and vitamin E on sperm characteristics damaged by bromopropane (BP) in pig. We evaluated toxicity of BP on viability, membrane integrity and mitochondrial activity of spermatozoa. 1-BP (0, 2.5, 5.0, 10, and $50{\mu}M$), 2-BP (0, 2.5, 5.0, 10, and $50{\mu}M$), taurine (0, 5.0, 10, and $25{\mu}M$) and vitamin E (0, 50, 100, and $200{\mu}M$) were treated in fresh boar semen for 6 h. 10 and $50{\mu}M$ of 1-BP and 2-BP inhibited sperm viability, membrane integrity and mitochondrial activity in fresh boar semen (P<0.05). $25{\mu}M$ of taurine increased sperm viability and membrane integrity (P<0.05), $100{\mu}M$ of vitamin E enhanced viability and mitochondrial activity of sperm (P<0.05). Finally, $10{\mu}M$ of 1-BP and 2-BP was co-treated with taurine ($25{\mu}M$) and vitamin E ($100{\mu}M$) in the fresh boar semen. The co-treated samples did affected viability, membrane integrity and mitochondrial activity of sperm. In conclusion, taurine and vitamin E can improve and maintain sperm quality in fresh boar semen.

간질(Fasciola hepatica)의 Aspartate 및 Alanine Aminotransferase에 관하여 (Aspartate and Alanine Aminotransferase in Fasciola hepatica)

  • 박선효;권년수이희성송철용
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.41-48
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    • 1983
  • The activity and distribution of aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6. 1. 1) and alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2) in adult Fascicle hepatica have been studied. Fasciola hepatica was fractionated by differential centrifugation into nuclear, mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions. The activity of GOT and GPT was measured by the method of Reitman and Frankel. Isozyme patterns of those enzyme were also examined by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The activity of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase was about 0.55 unit and 0.92 unit per 1g of Fascicle hepatica, respectively. 2. The activity of those enzymes was relatively low compared with those in mammalian tissues. 3. The distribution of aspartate aminotransferase in the subcellular organelles showed that 71% of the activity was in cytosolic, 24% in mitochondrial and 5% was in nuclear fraction. 4. About 22% of the total alanine aminotransferase activity was found in the mitochondrial fratstion, about 66% in the cytosolic fraction. 5. Aspartate aminotransferase from cytosolic fraction was separated into two types of isozymes, whereas alanine aminotransferase from cytosolic fraction gave only one active peak on DEAE-cellulose column chromatography.

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