• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.270-278
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• 2006

The idea of carbon dioxide sequestration in the ocean is proposed to be an effective mitigation strategy to counteract potential global warming due to the greenhouse effect. Therefore, in the present study, calculations of the dissolution behavior of carbon dioxide when liquid carbon dioxide is released at 1,000m and 1,500 m in depth. by fixed pipeline are peformed. The results show the liquid $CO_2$ injected in the ocean becomes $CO_2$ bubble at between 350m and 500m in depth, and the injection from a moving ship is a more effective method of dissolution than through a fixed pipeline. It so also noted that the ultimate plume generated from $CO_2$ bubbles repeats expansion and shrinking due to the peeling from a fixed pipeline.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.97-112
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• 2006

Heme oxygenase(HO)-1 is an important antioxidant enzyme that plays a pivotal role in cellular adaptation and protection in response to a wide array of noxious stimuli. Thus, HO-1 induction has been associated with prevention or mitigation of pathogenesis of various diseases, including acute inflammation, atherosclerosis, degenerative diseases, and carcinogenesis. Recent progress in our understanding of the function of molecules in the cellular signaling network as key modulators of gene transcription sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlyuing HO-1 gene expression. A panel of redox-sensitive transcription factors such as activator protein-1, nuclear factor-kB, and nuclear factor E2-related factor-2, and some of the upstream kinases have been identified as prime regulators of HO-1 gene induction. This review summarizes molecular mechanisms underlying HO-1 expression and the significance of targeted induction of HO-1 as a potential chemopreventive or chemoprotective strategy.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.99-123
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• 2005

Although the generation market is competitive, the power market is easily exercised the market power by one generator due to its special futures such as a limited supplier, large investment cost, transmission constraints and loss. Specially, as Korea Electric industry restructuring is similar US competitive wholesale electricity market structure which discovered the several evidences of market power abuse, when restructuring is completed the possibility that market power will be exercised is big. Market power interferes with market competitions and efficiency of system. The goal of this study is to investigate the market price effects of the potential market power and the proposed market power mitigation strategy in Korean market using the forecasting wholesale electricity market model. This modeling is developed based on the system dynamics approach. it can analyze the dynamic behaviors of wholesale prices in Korean market. And then it is expanded to include the effect of market condition changed by 'strategic behavior' and 'real time pricing.' This model can generate the overall insights regarding the dynamic impact of output withholding by old gas fire power plant bon as a marginal plant in Korean market at the macro level. Also it will give the energy planner the opportunity to create different scenarios for the future for deregulated wholesales market in Korea.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.143-151
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• 2018

Industrialization has accelerated the expansion of mobility to the urban areas, land use for function of residence and consumption. With the urbanization, the management and distribution of the physical space of the city and rational design have also become major issues. Rapid and widespread urbanization has consistently accumulated problems of natural, physical, environmental, and psychological circumstances, and most of urban areas have begun to focus on restoring an efficient, safe and healthy urban environment to improve of the quality of life since the latter half of the 20th century, New-Urbanism is a new urban development paradigm that resembles the practical implications of a shared economy for social, economic and environmental cost reduction.. The geographical significance of the sharing city's concept of the alleys is to revitalize sustainable cities while restoring the attractive elements of the city. This study examines the lessons of New-Urbanism in those traditional urban space comparing with each East Asia's cities such as golmok (alley or backlane) in Seoul, Huton in Beijing, Lilong in Shanghai, and Roji in Japan. This study diagnoses whether main principals of New-Urbanism such as development of good community and walkable pedestrian route, restoration of regional identity and sense of the place, and mitigation of climate change strategy can be practiced in the community of alley as well.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.397-414
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• 2021

The steady growth in population has led to an enhanced water demand and immense pressure on water resources. Pharmaceutical residues (PRs) are unused or non-assimilated medicines found in water supplies that originate from the human and animal consumption of antibiotics, antipyretics, analgesics etc. These have been detected recently in sewage effluents, surface water, ground water and even in drinking water. Due to their toxicity and potential hazard to the environment, humans and aquatic life, PRs are now categorized as the emerging contaminants (ECs). India figures in the top five manufacturers of medicines in the world and every third pill consumed in the world is produced in India. Present day conventional wastewater treatment methods are ineffective and don't eliminate them completely. The use of nanotechnology via advanced oxidation processes (AOP) is one of the most effective methods for the removal of these PRs. Present study is aimed at reviewing the presence of various PRs in water supplies and also to describe the process of AOP to overcome their threat. This study is also very important in view of World Health Organization report confirming more than 30 million cases of COVID-19 worldwide. This will lead to an alleviated use of antibiotics, antipyretics etc. and their subsequent occurrence in water bodies. Need of the hour is to devise a proper treatment strategy and a decision thereof by the policymakers to overcome the possible threat to the environment and health of humans and aquatic life.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.355-355
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• 2023

댐 운영은 크게 홍수기에 치수에 대비하며 갈수기에 효율적인 이수를 목표로 한다. 최근 기후변화와 함께 강수량이 지역별로 편중되며 국지적 가뭄과 편향적인 장기가뭄의 발생 빈도가 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 이상 가뭄이나 홍수에 대비하기 위해서는 정형화된 수자원 관리보다 물 공급의 안정성 확보 및 수재해 방지 등을 목적으로 다양한 정책을 활용한 통합적 수자원 관리 시스템이 요구되고 있다. 일반적으로 가뭄 시 댐의 운영은 가뭄 대응단계별 용수공급조정기준에 따라 생공용수 여유량, 하천유지용수, 농업용수, 생공용수 순으로 감량하게 된다. 또한, 다양한 가뭄대책을 종합적으로 시행함으로써 가뭄에 대응하고 있지만, 해당 대책 간 우선 순위 혹은 가뭄정도에 따른 효율적인 대책 선정을 위한 대책별 편익 및 기여도에 대한 연구 사례는 제한적이다. 본 연구에서는 국내 댐의 용수별 경제적 편익을 고려한 가뭄 대책의 기여도를 산정하는 방법론을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해 문헌조사를 통해 수집된 용수별 추정사용량을 계산하여 경제적 편익을 확보하였으며, 유역별 댐의 용수별 편익을 생공용수, 농업용수, 하천유지용수를 2023년 물가 기준으로 산정하였다. 또한 17개 국내 다목적댐의 댐별 시행 중인 가뭄 대책별 운영 상황을 모의하여 각 가뭄대책의 경제적 편익을 산정하였다. 마지막으로 기여도 산정은 동일 댐에서 가뭄 대책의 경제적 편익에 따른 가중치를 부여하여 댐별로 산정하였다. 본 연구에서 제시하는 방법론은 각 이해당사자의향후 가뭄대책의 우선도를 고려한 체계적인 댐운영 의사결정을 위해 근거를 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.47-64
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• 2020

For the past few years, the Korean government has been consistently expanding its national research & development budget to accelerate economic growth through technology innovation and the enhancement of international competitiveness in global markets. The objective of this paper is to define the concept and analyze the current status of national R&D programs by measuring R&D efficiencies. We determine R&D efficiency by reflecting inputs and outcomes of the five main agricultural R&D programs between 2010 to 2015, and by categorizing and regrouping figures that may affect R&D performance. Among 1,128 targeted projects, 832 projects with patents and thesis were selected for analysis in terms of measuring technology efficiency, pure technology efficiency, and efficiency of scale. Also, the Kruskal-Wallis test was also utilized as well. As a result of empirical analysis, figures that affected the efficiency level of national R&D programs included differences in research resources, research management levels and skills, and research field. This study can be utilized as a reference for re-establishing national agricultural R&D policies, such as enhancement of national technology competitiveness in the global market environment, improving and adapting to new agricultural conditions, market expansion, national agricultural R&D efficiency, aging rural population, agricultural management cost increase, and climate change mitigation.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.149-163
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• 2024

As conversational AI systems such as ChatGPT have become more advanced, researchers are exploring ways to use them in education. However, we need effective ways to evaluate these systems before allowing them to help teach students. This study proposes a detailed framework for testing conversational AI across three important criteria as follow. First, specialized benchmarks that measure skills include giving clear explanations, adapting to context during long dialogues, and maintaining a consistent teaching personality. Second, adaptive standards check whether the systems meet the ethical requirements of privacy, fairness, and transparency. These standards are regularly updated to match societal expectations. Lastly, evaluations were conducted from three perspectives: technical accuracy on test datasets, performance during simulations with groups of virtual students, and feedback from real students and teachers using the system. This framework provides a robust methodology for identifying strengths and weaknesses of conversational AI before its deployment in schools. It emphasizes assessments tailored to the critical qualities of dialogic intelligence, user-centric metrics capturing real-world impact, and ethical alignment through participatory design. Responsible innovation by AI assistants requires evidence that they can enhance accessible, engaging, and personalized education without disrupting teaching effectiveness or student agency.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.48-58
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• 2024

Reports of a global decline in pollinator populations, especially mason bees, have raised concerns regarding the maintenance of pollination interactions. Although addressing local factors causing bee decline is a potential mitigation strategy at the landscape scale, regional rates and high-latitude threats to bee diversity are unclear. We investigated the distribution of mason bees (Osmia. spp. (O. pedicornis, O. corniforns, O. taurus, and O. satoi) and measured species richness and species ratios at regional, latitudinal, and altitudinal scales. We examined the association between bee species richness and three putative environmental conditions: high-low, altitude-dependent, and latitude-dependent. The species richness of the O. pedicornis bee was the highest and it was found between latitudes 35° and 37°, and at 500-600 m in both the northern and southern hemispheres, showing an inverse latitudinal gradient of bee species richness in South Korea. Mason bee species richness and global climate are important predictors of flowering plant diversity. Climate change threatens bee and vascular plant diversity; however, the overlap between bee abundance and plant diversity can be improved by employing suitable conservation strategies.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.349-359
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• 2024

This study aims to investigate the effect of restraint configuration on crack formation due to shrinkage-and-creep-induced volumetric change in unbonded post-tensioned slabs. The first part of this study focuses on the comparison of existing shrinkage and creep calculation models that are used to predict the volume-changing behavior of concrete. The second part of this study presents the finite element analysis of a series of architectural configuration prototypes subjected to shrinkage and creep, which comprise unbonded post-tensioned slabs with various restraint configurations. The shrinkage and creep effects were simulated in the analysis by imposing strains obtained from one selected calculation model. The results suggest that a slab up to 300 ft. (90 m) in length does not require a closure strip if it is unrestrained by perimeter walls, and that the most effective restraint crack mitigation strategy for a slab restrained by perimeter walls is a partial wall release.