• 보건행정학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2022

Background: Depression is a common disease around the world. Many studies are showing that mental health can be improved through physical activity, and daily regular exercise can reduce the negative effects of depression or depressive symptoms. In order to promote individual physical activity, a physical activity-friendly environment must precede. Therefore, this study attempted to confirm whether the number of sports facilities for all affects individual depression. Methods: Among the respondents to the 2018 Community Health Survey, data from 181,086 people excluding missing value were used. Descriptive and chi-square tests were performed to understanding the general characteristics of individual level variables. A multilevel logistic regression was conducted to confirm the effect of individual and regional level variables on depressive symptoms. Results: As a result of confirming the effect of individual characteristics on depressive symptoms, it was confirmed that both socioeconomic and health behavior factors had an effect. Similar results were shown in a model that considered regional level variables, and in the case of the number of sports facilities per population, people who belongs to smaller areas were more likely to have depressive symptoms (odds ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.97-0.99). Conclusion: As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that both individual level and regional level variables had a significant effect on depressive symptoms. This suggests that not only individual level approaches but also regional level approaches are needed to improve individual depressive symptoms In particular, it may be possible to consider to increase the number of sports facilities in areas where the prevalence of depressive symptoms is high and the number of sports facilities is insufficient.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.725-737
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• 2019

Purpose: We used a data analysis method to improve semiconductor manufacturing yield. We defined and optimized important factors and applied our findings to a real-world process. The semiconductor industry is very cost-competitive; our findings are useful. Methods: We collected data on 15 independent variables and one dependent variable (yield); we removed outliers and missing values. Using SPSS Modeler ver. 18.0, we analyzed the data both continuously and discretely and identified common factors. Results: We optimized two independent variables in terms of process conditions; yield improved. We used DS Leak software to model netting and Contact CD software to model meshes. DS Leak shows smaller the better characterisrics and Contact CD shows normal the best characteristics Conclusion: Various efforts have been made to improve semiconductor manufacturing yields, and many studies have created models or analyzed various characteristics. We not only defined important factors but also showed how to control processing to improve semiconductor yield.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.993-1002
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• 2004

Imputation procedures such as fully efficient fractional imputation(FEFI) or multiple imputation(MI) can be used to construct complete contingency tables from samples with partially classified responses. Variances of FEFI estimators of population proportions are derived. Simulation results, when data are missing completely at random, reveal that FEFI provides more efficient estimates of population than either multiple imputation(MI) based on data augmentation or complete case analysis, but neither FEFI nor MI provides an improvement over complete-case(CC) analysis with respect to accuracy of estimation of some parameters for association between two variables like $\theta_{i+}\theta_{+i}-\theta_{ij}$ and log odds-ratio.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.268-272
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• 2006

In this study, when physician make a diagnosis of Sasang constitution of patients, anthropometric data are applied to seek the classification function into Sasang constitution. Data used in the analysis are the anthropometric data of 550 patients who had been treated in nine oriental medical hospital, and our data have no missing value in 12 anthropometric variables. In order to improve the accuracy of classification function into Sasang constitution, we consider one method of variable transformation of anthropometric data based on oriental medicine.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2013

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to to analyze the effect of Type 2 diabetes on tooth mortality, implant treatment and prosthetic status. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 275 Type 2 diabetics and 300 non-diabetics, aged 40-80 years were selected for analysis. The assessment of number of teeth, missing teeth, fixed prostheses (bridge pontics), implants using panoramic radiographs and dental records were carried out. RESULTS. Diabetes mellitus (DM) patients had a higher number of missing teeth (P<.05) and placed implants (P=.074), age (P<.05), male gender percentage (P=.042), smoker percentage (P<.05) than non-DM patients. In univariate analysis, the patients in older group showed significantly higher number of tooth loss rate at the first dental examination than the patients in younger group. Tooth loss rate of smokers did not show higher value than that of non-smokers. When multiple variables including DM, age, smoking, gender were considered together, diabetics and older group patients showed significantly higher tooth loss rate at the first dental examination than non-diabetics and younger group patients, respectively. Smokers and male group did not show a significant difference than nonsmokers and female group, respectively. CONCLUSION. Tooth mortality and implant treatment rate were significantly higher in the DM group as indicated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Old age groups showed significantly higher odds ratios and tooth loss rate. As diabetics showed the higher tooth loss rate than non-diabetics, diabetics also had more implant restorations than non-diabetics.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.137-149
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• 2019

Accurate estimation of reference evapotranspiration (RET) is important to quantify crop evapotranspiration for sustainable water resource management in hydrological, agricultural, and environmental fields. It is estimated by different methods from direct measurements with lysimeters, or by many empirical equations suggested by numerous modeling using local climatic variables. The potential to use some such equations depends on the availability of the necessary meteorological parameters for calculating the RET in specific climatic conditions. The objective of this study was to determine the proper RET equations using limited climatic data and to analyze the temporal and spatial trends of the RET in South Korea. We evaluated the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith equation (FAO-56 PM) by comparing several simple RET equations and observed small fan evaporation. In this study, the modified Penman equation, Hargreaves equation, and FAO Penman-Monteith equation with missing solar radiation (PM-Rs) data were tested to estimate the RET. Nine weather stations were considered with limited climatic data across South Korea from 1973 - 2017, and the RET equations were calculated for each weather station as well as the analysis of the mean error (ME), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE). The FAO-56 PM recommended by the Food Agriculture Organization (FAO) showed good performance even though missing solar radiation, relative humidity, and wind speed data and could still be adapted to the limited data conditions. As a result, the RET was increased, and the evapotranspiration rate was increased more in coastal areas than inland.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.454-461
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to confirm the relevance of dental health capacity and pulmonary function status. The subjects of this study were adults aged 40 years and older, who participated in pulmonary function and oral examinations. The data used for this study were raw data from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013~2015). Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of complex sample survey data. The results were as follows: First, restrictive and obstructive patterns were more prevalent among males than females. They were even worse in older subjects. Approximately 67% of smokers had obstructive pattern. Second, there was a relevance between dental health capacity and pulmonary function status. The functioning teeth index, number of present teeth, and number of sound teeth (ST), which are indicators of dental health, declined with decreased pulmonary function. The number of missing teeth (MT) increased as the pulmonary function deteriorated (p<0.05). Third, the relevance between dental health capacity and pulmonary function status after stratifying the life-long smoking experience was statistically significant in the tissue health (T-health) index and ST among non-smokers. The relevance between dental health capacity and pulmonary function status after stratifying the life-long smoking experience was statistically significant (p<0.05) for the T-health index, ST, and MT among smokers. However, there was no relevance between dental health capacity and pulmonary function status after stratifying the life-long smoking experience and adjusting confounding variables. In conclusion, there was a relevance between dental health capacity and pulmonary function status after confounding variables were adjusted. However, there was no relevance between dental health capacity and pulmonary function status after stratifying the life-long smoking experience and adjusting confounding variables.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6773-6777
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• 2015

We used to LASSO-Cox method for determining prognostic factors of male breast cancer survival and showed the superiority of this method compared to Cox proportional hazard model in low sample size setting. In order to identify and estimate exactly the relative hazard of the most important factors effective for the survival duration of male breast cancer, the LASSO-Cox method has been used. Our data includes the information of male breast cancer patients in Fars province, south of Iran, from 1989 to 2008. Cox proportional hazard and LASSO-Cox models were fitted for 20 classified variables. To reduce the impact of missing data, the multiple imputation method was used 20 times through the Markov chain Mont Carlo method and the results were combined with Rubin's rules. In 50 patients, the age at diagnosis was 59.6 (SD=12.8) years with a minimum of 34 and maximum of 84 years and the mean of survival time was 62 months. Three, 5 and 10 year survival were 92%, 77% and 26%, respectively. Using the LASSO-Cox method led to eliminating 8 low effect variables and also decreased the standard error by 2.5 to 7 times. The relative efficiency of LASSO-Cox method compared with the Cox proportional hazard method was calculated as 22.39. The19 years follow of male breast cancer patients show that the age, having a history of alcohol use, nipple discharge, laterality, histological grade and duration of symptoms were the most important variables that have played an effective role in the patient's survival. In such situations, estimating the coefficients by LASSO-Cox method will be more efficient than the Cox's proportional hazard method.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2009

Objectives: This study identified how personal characteristics, family environment, governmental policy for the prevention and cessation of smoking might influence on adolescent smoking. Methods: This study used data from the 2006 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey of 71,404 middle school and high school students, giving a response rate of 90.9%. We selected 61,508 adolescents subjects of the final analysis without missing data on independent variables and dependent variables which are used in this study. This study used $\chi^2$ tests and logistic regression models. Variables were added to the regression model in three groups using a hierarchical approach.Results: Adolescents were significantly more likely to become current smokers if they were boys, were in a higher grade, and had lower academic achievement. Adolescents experiencing stress and depression were associated with increased risk of current smoking. Adolescents with single parents or students of non-living with parents comparing with students of living with parents showed the high possibility of smoking. Lower father's education was associated with increased likelihood of current smoking. Adolescents who were exposed to smoking at home were more likely to smoke. Adolescents without contacting with the antismoking media campaign was associated with increased likelihood of current smoking. Conclusion: Promoting antismoking media campaigns targeted at adolescent is required, and the smoking prevention education which are proper for subjects are required. Proper plans which could decrease the exposure of secondhand smoking should be established.

• 인지과학
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.113-138
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• 2007

풍경 그림을 사용하여 도식이 기억에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 실험 1에서는 즉시 검사를 실시하여 부호화할 때 도식이 기억에 미치는 영향을 알아보았고, 실험 2에서는 3일 지연 검사를 실시하여 파지기간 동안 도식이 기억에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 두 실험 모두에서 제시시간(250ms vs 1000ms)을 다르게 하고 목표 미끼를 생략하는 조건과 목표 미끼를 다른 물건으로 대체하는 조건으로 항목의 축어적 정보 부호화를 조작하였다. 특히 생략과 대체 조건을 비교하여 도식에 기반한 기대라는 하향정보 특정항목에 대한 상향정보가 기억에 미치는 효과를 알아보았다. 두 개의 실험에서 전형적인 항목에 대한 오기억은 지연검사에서도 별 변화가 없는데 반해 학습 항목에 대한 기억은 감소하였으며, 오기억은 생략조건에서 더 많이 보고되었으나, 비전형 항목에 대한 기억은 감소하였으며, 오기억은 생략조건에서 더 많이 보고되었으나, 비전형 항목에 대한 기억은 대체조건에서 더 많이 보고되었다. 이 결과는 도식에 기반한 오기억은 비교적 지속적이며, 도식에 의한 기대라는 하향 정보가 상향 정보와 충돌이 일어날 때에는 오기억이 감소한다는 사실을 보여 주었다.