• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.129-138
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• 2022

Crucian carp, Carassius carassius (Weight 42.4 ± 9.0 g, Length 15.0 ± 1.0 cm) were exposed to waterborne zinc at 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg Zn²⁺/l for 96 hours. The lethal concentration 50 (LC₅₀) at 96 hours of crucian carp, C. carassius exposed to waterborne zinc was 51.58 mg Zn²⁺/l. In hematological parameters, the RBC count was significantly decreased in the concentration of 40 mg Zn²⁺/l at 48 hours, whereas the hematocrit was significantly increased by zinc exposure. The MCV (mean corpuscular volume) (µl) and MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin) (pg) were significantly increased in the concentration of 40 mg Zn²⁺/l at 48 hours. The plasma components such as calcium, magnesium, glucose, cholesterol, total protein and ALT (Alanine aminotransminase) were significantly changed by zinc exposure. The results of this study suggest that the zinc exposure to C. carassius induced the significant physiological changes in the hematological parameters and plasma components as toxicity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.264-271
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• 2011

The effect of replacement of fish meal (FM) in diets with sand smelt meal (SSM) on fatty acid composition of carp fry, Cyprinus carpio, was examined. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic (38% crude protein, $15.75\;kJ\;g^{-1}$) diets replacing 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% FM protein by SSM protein were formulated. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish in aquaria, and each aquarium was stocked with 20 fish (initial average weight of $0.300{\pm}0.65\;g\;fish^{-1}$). Fish were fed twice daily to apparent satiation for 13 weeks. Results indicated that final weight, specific growth rate and feed efficiency ratio of fish fed with different SSM replacement diets did not differ significantly (p>0.05) from fish fed the control diet, except for 100% SSM level. No significant differences were noted among experimental treatments on dry matter, protein, lipid and ash contents of the fish body composition (p>0.05). Fatty acid analysis showed that saturated fatty acids in fish muscle significantly decreased, but monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) did not change with increasing dietary SSM. However, some changes also could be observed for some particular fatty acids in experimental fish. For example, the amounts of 15:0, 17:0, 18:1n-7, 18:2n-6 and 22:5n-3 significantly increased, but 16:0, 18:1n-9, 18:3n-3 and 20:1 n-9 significantly decreased with increasing dietary SSM. Total n-6 PUFA increased with increasing dietary SSM, but total n-3 PUFA were not changed in muscle of fish fed the experimental diets. The ratio of n-3 to n-6 was not affected significantly in muscle of fish fed the experimental diets containing different proportions of SSM, including the control diet.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.627-633
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• 1994

A study on efficacy and safety of Bio-Gammamix was performed to use for the preventive drug against bacterial diseases to mirror carp(Cyprinus carpio), rainbow trout(Salmo gairdneri), eel(Anguilla japonica) and flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus). The main ingredients of Bio-Gammamix were ferrous fumarate and mixed extrated powders of licorice root, ox bile and garlic. The test drug was proved to improve feeding habit and feed efficiency and decrease cumulative mortality remarkably. After administration, no side effects and histopathological changes were observed. We can prevent outbreaks of bacterial diseases of fish by the dosage of 1kg/ton of fish body weight perorally once or two times in a day for 7 days and Bio-Gammamix is thought to be used effectively an widely against most bacterial fish pathogens.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.124-132
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• 2001

The authors examined the response of electrocardiogram (ECG) of Mirror carp, Cyprinus carpio [Linnaeus] to light stimuli. The experiments were performed in such a way that three levels of light stimuli (10, 100, and 400 lux) were given to fishes with an electrode inserted into their bodies and then their ECGs were recorded continuously for 60 minutes. The results which are divided into by day and by night and then analyzed by fishes conditions are as follows : 1. Mirror carps reached a stable condition 5 minutes after anesthesia. In this condition, the average heart rate was 64.9 beat/min by day and 65.3 beat/min by night. And the average action potential was 36.9 nV by day and 32.9 nV by night. 2. The average heart rate by three levels of light stimuli was, 1) In a stimulus condition, in case of 10 lux 68.7 beat/min by day and 46.0 beat/min by night, in case of 100 lux 53.4 beat/min by day and 44.1 beat/min by night, and in case of 400 lux 53.2 beat/min by day and 40.1 beat/min by night. 2) In a recovery condition, in case of 10 lux 67.9 beat/min by day and 57.2 beat/min by night, in case of 100 lux 68.8 beat/min by day and 61.0 beat/min by night, and in case of 400 lux 69.6 beat/min by day and 63.6 beat/min by night. 3. The average action potential by three levels of light stimuli was, 1) In a stimulus condition, in case of 10 lux 59.1 nV by day and 24.0 nV by night, in case of 100 lux 26.8 nV by day and 45.6 nV by night, and in case of 400 lux 71.7 nV by day and 14.4 nV by night. 2) In a recovery condition, in case of 10 lux 38.8 nV by day and 27.3 nV by night, in case of 100 lux 29.0 nV by day and 39.3 nV by night, and in case of 400 lux 66.4 nV by day and 21.4 nV by night.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.284-288
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• 2002

The authors examined the response of electrocardiogram (ECG) to Mirror carp, Cyprinus carpio of body length. The experiments were performed of three classes (10~15, 15~20 and 20~25cm) were given to fishes with an electrode inserted into their bodies and then their ECGs were recorded continuously for 30 minutes in 16-18$^{\circ}C$. The results which are divided into by day and by night and then analyzed by fishes' conditions are as follows; 1 In case of body length 10~15 cm, the average heart rate 43.4 beat/min by day and 45.9 beat/min by night, the average action potential 4.38 $mutextrm{V}$ by day and 3.64 $mutextrm{V}$ by night, in narcotism condition(0~9 min). the average heart rate 69.4 beat/min by day and 67.4 beat/min by night, the average action potential 3.82 $mutextrm{V}$ by day and 3.50 $mutextrm{V}$ by night, in stable condition(9~30 min). 2. In case of body length 15～20 cm, the average heart rate 42.2 beat/min by day and 45.4 beat/min by night, the average action potential 4.13 $mutextrm{V}$ by day and 3.95 $mutextrm{V}$ by night, in narcotism condition(0-5 min). the average heart rate 67.6 beat/min by day and 65.3 beat/min by night, the average action potential 4.58$mutextrm{V}$ by day and 4.61 $mutextrm{V}$ by night, in stable condition (5~30 min). 3. In case of body length 20～25 cm, the average heart rate 47.5 beat/min by day and 47.5 beat/min by night, the average action potential 4.81 $mutextrm{V}$ by day and 4.20 $mutextrm{V}$ by night, in narcotism condition(0-4 min). the average heart rate 67.5 bea/min by day and 64.8 beat/min by night, the average action potential 5.31 $mutextrm{V}$ by day and 4.90 $mutextrm{V}$ by night, in stable condition (4~30 min).