• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2015

This study aims to analyze the housing satisfaction of 55 years and older (55+) single-person householders in U.S. urban communities with the 2011 American Housing Survey Data. Single-person householders younger than 55 years of age (55-) were used as a reference group. Housing Adjustment Theory was used to develop a research framework to depict the relationships of housing satisfaction (dependent variable) with demographic and housing variables (independent variables). The regression analysis revealed that age, health status, government income, race, gender, age of house, housing quality, neighborhood, structure type, and tenure status had a significant effect on housing satisfaction levels of both those aged 55- and 55+. However, for the cohort of 55+, education, census region, housing affordability, and structure size also affected their housing satisfaction. Neighborhood satisfaction had the strongest effect on housing satisfaction of both groups. These variables were discussed in terms of resources and constraints contributing to their housing satisfaction. This study highlights the present and future housing trends and challenges of U.S. single householders in U.S. urban communities.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

방송통신융합을 통해 양방향 기능이 방송에서 차지하는 비중이 점차 확장되고 있지만, 위성방송의 경우 양방향 기능이 IPTV나 케이블TV에 비해 뒤쳐져 이에 대한 전략적 서비스로 PVR이 도입되었다. 본 연구는 위성방송가입자들의 PVR 이용행태분석을 통해 현재 도입되고 있는 클라우드 PVR의 주력 서비스 방향에 실증적 정보를 제공하고자 하였다. 위성방송가입자들의 PVR 이용분석 결과, 주된 PVR 이용기능은 '시간대 이동(time-shifting)'으로 나타났으며, PVR의 이용이 많은 이용자일수록 TV 시청량이 증가하는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 PVR이 방송프로그램을 시청하는데 있어 장르의 집중(concentration)보다는 다양화(diversification)를 가져오는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 PVR의 활성화는 온에어 방송의 시청시간을 자유롭게 변경함으로써 TV이용의 증가 및 다양한 장르의 시청유도에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.806-813
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• 2010

Animal bioreactors have been regarded as alternative tools for the production of limited human therapeutic proteins. The mammary glands of cattle are optimal tissues to produce therapeutic proteins that cannot be produced in large amounts in traditional systems based on microorganisms and eukaryotic cells. In this study, two knock-in vectors, pBCTPOKI-6 and pBCTPOKI-10, which target the hTPO gene on the bovine beta-casein locus, were designed to develop cloned transgenic cattle. The pBCTPOKI-6 and pBCTPOKI-10 vectors expressed hTPO protein in culture medium at a concentration of 774 pg/ml and 1,867 pg/ml, respectively. Successfully, two targeted cell clones were obtained from the bovine fibroblasts transfected with the pBCTPOKI-6 vector. Cloned embryos reconstructed with the targeted nuclei showed a lower in vitro developmental competence than those with the wild-type nuclei. After transfer of the cloned embryos into recipients, 7 pregnancies were detected at 40 to 60 days of gestation, but failed to develop to term. The results are the first trial for targeting of a human gene on the bovine milk protein gene locus, providing the potential for a large-scale production of therapeutic proteins in the animal bioreactor system.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.889-899
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• 2017

독립성분분석은 혼합된 신호에서 원신호들을 분리하기 위해서 사용되는 다변량 분석방법으로서, 블라인드 음원 분리 중 가장 널리 사용되는 방법이다. 독립성분분석은 주성분분석이나 요인분석과 같이 선형변환을 사용하지만, 원신호들의 통계적 독립과 비정규성 가정을 필요로 한다는 점에서 다르다. 설명되는 분산의 누적비율이 클수록 더 중요한 성분을 의미하게 되는 주성분분석과 달리, 독립성분분석에서는 독립성분들의 중요순서를 결정하는데 적절한 유일한 기준이 정해지지 않는다. 군집분석이나 차원축소된 그래프 작성 등과 같은 후속 연구를 진행하기 위해서는 일부의 주요 독립성분을 사용하게 되므로, 성분의 순서를 정하는 것은 의미가 있다. 본 연구에서는 성분의 순서를 결정하기 위한 몇 가지 기준의 성능을 비교하였다. 첨도와 첨도의 절댓값, 음의 엔트로피, 콜모고로프-스미르노프 통계량, 계수제곱합을 이용한 방법이 고려되었다. 이들은 알려진 그룹을 분류하는 능력을 기준으로 평가되었다. 두 가지 형태의 자료를 이용한 분석결과를 제시하였다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.564-572
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• 2014

This study was conducted to analyze the contents in the dietary fiber and amino acid compositions of 23 vegetables and 6 fruits and to identify the current contents. We generated data on the contents of total, insoluble and soluble dietary fiber (TDF, IDF and SDF), respectively. The TDF and IDF contents were lowest (0.56 g/100 g and 0.44 g/100 g) in wild garlic and highest (5.87 g/100 g and 5.66 g/100 g) in perilla leaves. A total of 18 kinds of amino acids were found in most samples. Essential and non-essential amino acid contents ranged from 53.16-2107.54 mg/100 g and 191.66-2892.28 mg/100 g, respectively. The highest essential and non-essential amino acid content was hot pepper leaves followed by perilla leaves and aralia. They had higher contents of both TDF and amino acids. The results of the study can serve as a fundamental source of information in DF and amino acids for diet planning.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.150-156
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• 2013

A total of 48 different volatile oils were identified form P. brevitarsis larvae by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Acids (48.67%) were detected as the major group in P. brevitarsis larvae comprising the largest proportion of the volatile compounds, followed by esters (19.84%), hydrocarbons (18.90%), alcohols (8.37%), miscellaneous (1.71%), aldehydes (1.35%) and terpenes (1.16%). The major volatile constituents were 9-hexadecenoic acid (16.75%), 6-octadecenoic acid (14.88%) and n-hexadecanoic acid (11.06%). The composition of fatty acid was also determined by GC analysis and 16 fatty acids were identified. The predominant fatty acids were oleic acid ($C_{18:1}$, 64.24%) followed by palmitic acid ($C_{16:0}$, 15.89%), palmitoleic acid ($C_{16:1}$, 10.43%) and linoleic acid ($C_{18:2}$, 4.69%) constituting more than 95% of total fatty acids. The distinguished characteristic of the fatty acid profile of P. brevitarsis larvae was the high proportion of unsaturated fatty acid (80.54% of total fatty acids) versus saturated fatty acids (19.46% of total fatty acids). Furthermore, small but significant amounts of linoleic, linolenic and ${\gamma}$-linolenic acids bestow P. brevitarsis larvae with considerable nutritional value. The novel findings of the present study provide a scientific basis for the comprehensive utilization of the insect as a nutritionally promising food source and a possibility for more effective utilization.

• 천문학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2015

The symbiotic star V1016 Cygni, a detached binary system consisting of a hot white dwarf and a mass-losing Mira variable, shows very broad emission features at around 6825 Å and 7082 Å, which are Raman scattered O vi λλ 1032, 1038 by atomic hydrogen. In the high resolution spectrum of V1016 Cyg obtained with the Bohyunsan Optical Echelle Spectrograph these broad features exhibit double peak profiles with the red peak stronger than the blue counterpart. However, their profiles differ in such a way that the blue peak of the 7082 feature is relatively weaker than the 6825 counterpart when the two Raman features are normalized to exhibit an equal red peak strength in the Doppler factor space. Assuming that an accretion flow around the white dwarf is responsible for the double peak profiles, we attribute this disparity in the profiles to the local variation of the flux ratio of O vi λλ 1032, 1038 in the accretion flow. A Monte Carlo technique is adopted to provide emissivity maps showing the local emissivity of O vi λ1032 and O vi λ1038 in the vicinity of the white dwarf. We also present a map indicating the differing flux ratios of O vi λλ 1032 and 1038. Our result shows that the flux ratio reaches its maximum of 2 in the emission region responsible for the central trough of the Raman feature and that the flux ratio in the inner red emission region is almost 1. The blue emission region and the outer red emission region exhibit an intermediate ratio around 1.5. We conclude that the disparity in the profiles of the two Raman O vi features strongly implies accretion flow around the white dwarf, which is azimuthally asymmetric.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.968-975
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• 2018

In the course of screening for microbes with nematicidal activity, we found that Enterobacter asburiae HK169 displayed promising nematicidal activity against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, along with plant growth-promoting properties. Soil drenching of a culture of HK169 reduced gall formation by 66% while also increasing root and shoot weights by 251% and 160%, respectively, compared with an untreated control. The cell-free culture filtrate of the HK169 culture killed all juveniles of M. incognita within 48 h. In addition, the nematicidal activity of the culture filtrate was dramatically reduced by a protease inhibitor, suggesting that proteolytic enzymes contribute to the nematicidal activity of HK169. In order to obtain genomic information about the HK169 isolate related to its nematicidal and plant growth-promoting activities, we sequenced and analyzed the whole genome of the HK169 isolate, and the resulting information provided evidence that the HK169 isolate has nematicidal and plant growth-promoting activities. Taken together, these observations enable the future application of E. asburiae HK169 as a biocontrol agent for nematode control and promote our understanding of the beneficial interactions between E. asburiae HK169 and plants.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.146-153
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Korean Form of the Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale (K-PUTS). Methods: Thirty-eight patients with Tourette's disorder who visited Jeonbuk National University Hospital were assessed with the K-PUTS. Together with the PUTS, the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS), the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS), the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) rating scale (ARS), and the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) were implemented to evaluate concurrent and discriminant validity. Results: The internal consistency of items on the PUTS was high, with a Cronbach's α of 0.79. The test-retest reliability of the PUTS, which was administered at 2 weeks to 2 months intervals, showed high reliability with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.60. There was a significant positive correlation between the overall PUTS score and the YGTSS score, showing concurrent validity. There was no correlation between the PUTS, CY-BOCS, and ASRS scores, demonstrating the discriminant validity of the PUTS. Factor analysis for construct validity revealed three factors: "presumed functional relationship between the tic and the urge to tic," "the quality of the premonitory urge," and "just right phenomena." Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the K-PUTS is a reliable and valid scale for rating premonitory urge of tics.

• Carbon letters
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• 제21권
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• pp.61-67
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• 2017

We report the use of carrot, a new and inexpensive biomaterial source, for preparing high quality carbon dots (CDs) instead of semi-conductive quantum dots for bioimaging application. The as-derived CDs possessing down and up-conversion photoluminescence features were obtained from carrot juice by commonly used hydrothermal treatment. The corresponding physiochemical and optical properties were investigated by electron microscopy, fluorescent spectrometry, and other spectroscopic methods. The surfaces of obtained CDs were highly covered with hydroxyl groups and nitrogen groups without further modification. The quantum yield of as-obtained CDs was as high as 5.16%. The cell viability of HaCaT cells against a purified CD aqueous solution was higher than 85% even at higher concentration ($700{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$) after 24 h incubation. Finally, CD cultured cells exhibited distinguished blue, green, and red colors, respectively, during in vitro imaging when excited by three wavelength lasers under a confocal microscope. Offering excellent optical properties, biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, and good cellular imaging capability, the carrot juice derived CDs are a promising candidate for biomedical applications.