• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 지반진동 강도에 따른 콘크리트 표면차수벽 석괴댐(CFRD)의 확률론적 피해예측을 위하여 취약도 함수를 개발하였다. 댐의 손상평가에 널리 사용되는 지표인 댐마루 침하량을 손상지수로 사용하여 경미(Minor), 중간(Moderate), 심각(Severe) 손상수준을 정의하였다. 침하량은 댐 표준단면에 대한 비선형 동적 수치해석을 통하여 계산하였다. 수치해석 모델은 원심모형시험결과와 비교하여 정확성을 검증하였다. 취약도 곡선은 대수정규분포함수로 나타내어 최대지반가속도를 기준으로 도출하였다. 본 연구에서 도출된 취약도 곡선은 댐의 실시간 피해예측에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.277-293
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• 2024

Shored Mechanically Stabilized Earth (SMSE) walls are types of soil retaining structures that increase soil stability under static and dynamic loads. The damage caused by an earthquake can be determined by evaluating the probabilistic seismic response of SMSE walls. This study aimed to assess the seismic performance of SMSE walls and provide fragility curves for evaluating failure levels. The generated fragility curves can help to improve the seismic performance of these walls through assessing and controlling variables like backfill surface settlement, lateral deformation of facing, and permanent relocation of the wall. A parametric study was performed based on a non-linear elastoplastic constitutive model known as the hardening soil model with small-strain stiffness, HSsmall. The analyses were conducted using PLAXIS 2D, a Finite Element Method (FEM) program, under plane-strain conditions to study the effect of the number of geogrid layers and the axial stiffness of geogrids on the performance of SMSE walls. In this study, three areas of damage (minor, moderate, and severe) were observed and, in all cases, the wall has not completely entered the stage of destruction. For the base model (Model A), at the highest ground acceleration coefficient (1 g), in the moderate damage state, the fragility probability was 76%. These values were 62%, and 54%, respectively, by increasing the number of geogrids (Model B) and increasing the geogrid stiffness (Model C). Meanwhile, the fragility values were 99%, 98%, and 97%, respectively in the case of minor damage. Notably, the probability of complete destruction was zero percent in all models.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제67권6호
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• pp.671-682
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• 2018

The effect of earthquake induced torsion, due to mass eccentricities, is investigated with the objective of providing practical design guidelines for minimizing the torsional response of building structures. Current code provisions recommend performing three dimensional static or dynamic analyses, which involve shifting the centers of the floor masses from their nominal positions to what is called an accidental eccentricity. This procedure however may significantly increase the design cost of multistory buildings, due to the numerous possible spatial combinations of mass eccentricities and it is doubtful whether such a cost would be justifiable. This paper addresses this issue on a theoretical basis and investigates the torsional response of asymmetric multistory buildings in relation to their behavior when all floor masses lie on the same vertical line. This approach provides an insight on the overall seismic response of buildings and reveals how the torsional response of a structure is influenced by an arbitrary spatial combination of mass eccentricities. It also provides practical guidelines of how a structural configuration may be designed to sustain minor torsion, which is the main objective of any practicing engineer. A parametric study is presented on 9-story common building types having a mixed-type lateral load resisting system (frames, walls, coupled wall bents) and representative heightwise variations of accidental eccentricities.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.71-80
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• 1996

본 고에서는 터널 신공법으로 건설되고 있는 Iran 철도터널의 지진에 대한 안정성을 검토하기 위하여 수행한 일련의 과정 즉, 설계지진 가속도의 산출과정과 이를 FEM 해석에 도입한 과정을 소개하고 FEM 해석결과를 분석하여 지진이 터널에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. Iran 지역의 지진기록 및 경험식을 통하여 지진의 최대설계가속도로서 수평가속도 $a_h=0.34g$ 와 수직 가속도 $a_v=0.23g$을 산출하였고, 이를 지진의 영향에 가장 취약한 갱구부근 터널의 FEM 해석에 적용한 결과, 설계지진강도 이내에서 터널구조체의 변위와 응력은 증가하나 터널구조체에 손상은 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.1277-1297
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• 2015

Post-tensioned precast segmental bridge columns have shown high level of strength and ductility, and low residual displacement, which makes them suffer minor damage after earthquake loading; however, there is still lack of confidence on their lateral response against severe seismic loading due in part to their low energy dissipation capacity. This study investigates the influence of major design factors such as post-tensioning force level, strands position, columns aspect ratio, steel jacket and mild steel ratio on seismic performance of self-centring segmental bridge columns in terms of lateral strength, residual displacement and lateral peak displacement. Seismic analyses show that increasing the continuous mild steel ratio improves the lateral peak displacement of the self-centring columns at different levels of post-tensioning (PT) forces. Such an increase in steel ratio reduces the residual drift in segmental columns with higher aspect ratio more considerably. Suggestions are proposed for the design of self-centring segmental columns with various aspect ratios at different target drifts.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2005

2001년 9월 11일 세계무역센터 붕괴 후. 그리고 지진발생시 빈번히 발생하는 건물의 화재피해 때문에 구조부재의 내화에 대한 사회적 관심이 증대되었다. 최근에는 전통적인 방법이 아니라 콘크리트의 내화성능과 철골의 구조적 특성을 복합한 내화성능이 향상된 합성구조에 대한 연구가 진행 중이다. 본 논문에서는 내화성능향상을 목적으로 개발된 부분적으로 철근콘크리트로 채워진 H형강-국부 콘크리트 합성 보의 상온에서의 휨 거동을 조사하기 위하여 몇 가지 합성상세를 갖는 실험체들의 휨실험을 실시하였다. 실험결과 $6\~8$의 변위 연성계수를 얻었다. 콘크리트와 철골의 일체화를 위한 합성상세간의 횡 거동 차이는 미미하였고, 극한 휨 강도에 가장 영향을 주는 것은 배근된 주철근 양임을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 중진 지역의 내진설계시 이 타입의 합성보를 사용하면 단일 H형강에 철근배근만 달리하여 상당부분의 층에서의 보의 춤을 동일하게 유지할 수 있다.

• 지질공학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.98-112
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• 2000

지진자료를 분석해 지진기록으로부터 산업현장에서 발생하는 인공지진을 식별하여 정확한 지진 카타로그를 제공하는 것은 지진연구에서 가장 기초적인 과정이지만 또한 매우 중요한 과제이다. 특히 지진계에 기록된 지진자료 만으로 이를 식별하는 것은 매우 어려운 관계로 선진국에서는 수십 년 전부터 많은 연구가 수행되어 오고 있다. 현재 국제사회에서 발효를 앞두고 있는 CTBT 체제에서 인공발파와 자연 지진의 식별은 외교 정책적인 면에서 매우 심각한 국제문제를 야기 시킬수 있다. 본 연구에서는 지진파 - 공중음파 관축소의 자료를 종합 분석하여 지진과 인공발파를 식별하는 방법을 추천코자 한다. 최극 한반도 및 주변해역에서 발생한 지진들의 분포는 남쪽에서는 서산-포항을 잇는 N60-70$^{\circ}$W 방향으로 진앙이 집중되며, 북쪽에서는 주로 평안도와 황해도에 집중된다. 1936년 이후 한반도 및 인근해역에서 발생한 비교적 큰 지진들(규모 4.5 이상) 14개의 메카니즘(mechanism)은 주로 수평이동단층(strike-slip faulting) 형태로 이는 이 지역에 작용하는 주 응력은 압축력임을 나타낸다. 이는 한반도 및 인근해역에 작용하는 응력장이 동쪽에서 유라시아판(Eurasian Plate) 밑으로 침강하는 태평양판(Pacific Plate)의 영향뿐만 아니라 남서쪽에서 충돌하는 인도판(Indian Plate)의 영향도 작용하는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제20권7_spc호
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• pp.435-441
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• 2016

The Korean peninsula has known as a minor-to-moderate seismic region. However, some recent studies had shown that the maximum possible earthquake magnitude in the region is approximately 6.3-6.5. Therefore, a seismic vulnerability assessment of the existing infrastructures considering ground motions in Korea is necessary. In this study, we developed seismic fragility curves for a continuous steel box girder bridge and two typical transmission towers, in which a set of seven artificial and natural ground motions recorded in South Korea is used. A finite element simulation framework, OpenSees, is utilized to perform nonlinear time history analyses of the bridge and a commercial software, SAP2000, is used to perform time history analyses of the transmission towers. The fragility curves based on Korean ground motions were then compared with the fragility curves generated using worldwide ground motions to evaluate the effect of the two ground motion groups on the seismic fragility curves of the structures. The results show that both non-isolated and base-isolated bridges are less vulnerable to the Korean ground motions than to worldwide earthquakes. Similarly to the bridge case, the transmission towers are safer during Korean motions than that under worldwide earthquakes in terms of fragility functions.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.125-141
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• 1998

Recent test results of steel moment connections repaired with a haunch on the bottom side of the beam have been shown to be a very promising solution to enhancing the seismic performance of steel moment-resisting frames. Yet, little is known about the effects of using such a repair scheme on the global seismic response of structures. When haunches are incorporated in a steel moment frame, the response prediction is complicated by the presence of "dual" panel zones. To investigate the effects of a repair on seismic performance, a case study was conducted for a 13-story steel frame damaged during the 1994 Northridge earthquake. It was assumed that only those locations with reported damage would be repaired with haunches. A new analytical modeling technique for the dual panel zone developed by the author was incorporated in the analysis. Modeling the dual panel zone was among the most significant consideration in the analyses. Both the inelastic static and dynamic analyses did not indicate detrimental side effects resulting from the repair. As a result of the increased strength in dual panel zones, yielding in these locations were eliminated and larger plastic rotation demand occurred in the beams next to the shallow end of the haunches. Nevertheless, the beam plastic rotation demand produced by the Sylmar record of 1994 Northridge earthquake was still limited to 0.017 radians. The repair resulted in a minor increase in earthquake energy input. In the original structure, the panel zones should dissipate about 80% (for the Oxnard record) and 70% (for the Sylmar record) of the absorbed energy, assuming no brittle failure of moment connections. After repair, the energy dissipated in the panel zones and beams were about equal.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.185-195
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• 2023

Antalya is located south part of minor Asia, one of the biggest cities in Türkiye. As a result of population growth and vast migration to Antalya, many parts of the city that were not suitable for construction due to its geological conditions have become urban areas, and most of these urban areas are full of poorly engineered buildings. Poor engineering has been combined with unplanned urbanization, that causes utter vulnerability to disasters in Antalya. When an earthquake-prone city, Antalya faces with an earthquake risk, fear arises in society. To overcome this problem, it has become necessary to investigate the building stock, expressed in hundreds of thousands, in a fast and reliable way and then perform an urban transformation to create the perception of structural safety. However, the excessive building stock, labor, and economic problems made the implementation stage challenging and revealed the necessity of finding alternative solutions in the field. The present study presents a novel approach for assessment and model based on a rapid visual inspection method to transform areas under earthquake risk in Türkiye. The approach aimed to rank the interventions for decision-making mechanisms by making comparisons in the scale hierarchy. In the present study, to investigate the proposed approach, over 26,000 buildings were examined in Antalya, which is the fifth largest city in Türkiye that has a population of over 2.5 Million. In the results of the study, the risk classification was defined in the framework of building, block, street, neighborhood, and district scales.