• 무역학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.107-130
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• 2023

본 연구는 선진국의 최소품질표준 설정과 국가 간 상호인정협정의 경제적 효과를 파악하고, 이를 기반으로 우리나라의 최적 상호인정협정 체결 전략을 분석한다. 이를 위하여 3개국의 대표기업이 서로 다른 품질의 제품을 선진국 시장에 공급하는 모형을 설정하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 선진국 최소품질표준의 상승은 경쟁 상황을 심화시켜 모든 기업의 이윤을 감소시키며 선진국 소비자 효용을 증대시킨다. 또한, 최소품질표준으로 인하여 기업이 시장에서 퇴출된다면 경쟁은 완화되고 남은 기업들의 품질과 이윤은 늘어난다. 둘째, 최소품질표준을 적용을 받게 되는 국가들은 상호인정협정 체결을 통하여 사회후생을 증가 시킬 수 있으며, 서로 다른 국가들 간 상호인정협정 체결의 전략적 활용이 중요하다는 결론을 얻을 수 있다. 특히 우리나라의 경우 선진국과 상호인정협정을 체결하거나 3국 모두 상호인정협정을 체결하지 않는 상황이 최적으로 나타난다.

• 교육시설
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.57-66
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• 1998

The present, there are no evident standards about facilities of minimum-sized kindergarten and lower grades elementary school. So, there are many serious obstacles that related laws and regulations, planning for facilities and scales in this country. Accordingly, this study proposed the concept, type, and size of minimum-sized kindergarten and lower grades elementary school, in case big cities of high density. 1. The concept of minimum-sized kindergarten and lower grades elementary school is defined to the large scale school and class, that integration of children of kindergarten into lower grades elementary school. 2. The type of minimum-sized kindergarten and lower grades elementary school is classified into branch school type and detached school type. The former is located in the main elementary school, The latter is separated from the main elementary school. And each type is classified into singleness case and attached case. 3. The number of students per minimum-sized kindergarten and lower grades elementary school is hold from two hundred children to three hundred children in 12 classes, but suitability is from one hundred to two hundred children. And class sizes proposed $20{\sim}25$ children in minimum-sized kindergarten and $25{\sim}30$ children in lower grades elementary school.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.137-148
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to set the various cost-of-living standards utilizing a published national data. 1995 annual data, The Family Income and Expenditure Survey, were used to set the standards of living. Four index reflecting health and decency level, normal level, minimum of health and decency level, and pauper level were suggested and the cost-of-living of each level were estimated. Results showed that cost-of-living estimated in this study were not quite different from those of former studies, but the name of the standard-of-living need to be changed.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.265-276
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• 2023

본 연구의 목적은 과학과 기초학력이 부족한 학생들이 공통 교육과정을 이수하는 동안 최소한의 과학 학습 능력을 갖출 수 있도록 기초학력 보장 방안을 마련하는데 있다. 이를 위해, 기초학력 관련 연구 및 지도 경험이 있는 초·중등 과학 교사 27명을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하고 합의적 질적 연구방법(Consensual Qualitative Research: CQR)과 계층화 분석법(Analytic Hierarchy Process: AHP)을 활용하여 '최소한의 성취기준'에 대한 현장 과학 교사들의 인식을 살펴보았다. 연구 결과, 초·중등 과학교사들은 과학 학습지원대상 학생들에 대해 과학 학습 역량이 부족하고, 과학 학습 결손이 누적되어 있으며, 기본적인 학습을 위한 준비도가 부족하다고 응답하였다. 그러나 과학과 기초학력 부족학생의 학습 특징에 대해 초·중등 교사들이 주목하는 특징이 다소 상이하게 나타났는데, 중등 교사들은 낮은 학습 동기와 과학적 기호 사용의 어려움에, 초등 교사들은 과학 태도나 경험부족을 더욱 민감하게 인식하고 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 기초학력 보장을 위한 최소한의 성취기준 준거 설정에 대한 우선순위에서도 범주별 항목의 우선순위가 학교급별로 상이함을 발견할 수 있었다. 이는 과학과 기초학력 보장을 위한 최소한의 성취기준 개발 시 고려요소에 대해 과학 교사들의 기초학력 관련 전문성에 따라 다양한 입장 차가 존재하므로, 학교급에 따른 다양한 변인을 고려한 최소한의 성취기준 개발이 필요함을 의미한다. 이상의 연구 결과를 통해 기초학력이 부족한 학생들의 개인별 맥락과 처한 상황의 다양성을 고려한 기초학력 지도 전문성 강화를 위한 정책적 지원이 전교과 영역에서 모색되어야 할 것이다. 나아가 기초학력이 부족한 학생 지원을 위해 공유된 비전을 명확히 하여 기초학력 보장을 위한 국가정책과 과학 교사들의 실행 간의 괴리를 줄이는 노력이 필요하다.

• 기술사
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.34-38
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• 2009

There are three major international agreements governing mutual recognition of engineering qualifications and professional competence of the International PEs; namely, Washington Accords, APEC engineer agreement and EMF agreement. International Organizations of APEC Engineer Coordinating Committer and Engineers Mobility Forum established international registries with the goal of improving international mobility. APEC and EMF membership requires minimum qualifications for licensure with the minimum standards including engineering education, Professional experience, compliance with home jurisdiction requirements, having verified record of responsible charge, and demonstrating a commitment to continuing education.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.18-22
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• 2009

In this study, we surveyed the operating status of the Light Sport Aircraft(LSA) in Korea, and reviewed the minimum requirements of the airpark for LSA in other countries. Based on the information, we presented the airpark standards to ensure the safe take-off, landing, and operation of LSA in Korea.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.117-121
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• 2021

The Multi-crew Pilot License (MPL) is a new pilot qualification introduced by ICAO to train co-pilots for transport aircraft based on efficient and stable competency to respond to changes in the operating environment and technology. ICAO and the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) require a minimum flight of 240 hours for MPL qualification training, and allow the use of flight simulation training devices (FSTDs) for most of the training, specifying the performance requirements for FSTDs. As South Korea is also preparing for the operation of the MPL training program, it is essential to establish the operating standards for FSTDs required for MPL training. This study aims to identify the international standards for FSTDs related to MPL training, and to compare them with the current operating standards for FSTDs in South Korea for presenting a standard (draft) that can be used when introducing domestic MPL training programs in the future.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2020

Purpose: Korea, China, and Japan can be seen as a geopolitical community that has developed through various relationships in terms of history. However, nowadays, it seems that they are pursuing different societal goals resulting from the difference in political and social systems, demographic structures, and economic situations. The law provides the minimum standards for people's lives in the direction that the society pursues. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the architectural differences in medical facilities and their causes comparing the legal standards of medical facilities in Korea, China, and Japan. Methods: The subject of the study is Korea, China, and Japan's legal standards of facilities corresponding to the Korean medical service act; enforcement decree of medical service act; and enforcement rules of medical service act. The scope of the study is as follows: First, the facilities standards and the reason for the revision of the standards after the 1950s when the current system of each country was established are investigated and thus the changing trends of the facilities standards that each country has pursued are analyzed. Second, the range and level presented by the current facilities standards of each country are compared and the differences are analyzed. Finally, cases in which the differences in the legal facilities standards are reflected in the actual design are compared and the effect of the facilities standards of medical facilities on the architectural plan is identified. Results & Implications: Each country differs in the legal standards of facilities because of changes in demographic structure and experience of disease. Moreover, it is identified that differences in social operating systems, especially in the operating methods of medical facilities, affect the range and level enforced by the facility standards. When investigating and researching foreign standards of facilities and cases for foreign medical facilities, it is required that they should be analyzed in consideration of the social and cultural aspects of each country.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.93-106
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• 2001

Whether a ship is sub-standard or not shall be finally decided by the minimum standards laid down in international conventions or national standards having the same effects. The flag State is primarily responsible for implementing these standards as far as its own ships are concerned. And the port State shall, in the exercise of its rights under international law, take appropriate measures (including detention of ships identified as sub-standard), which are regarded as port State's supplementary role aiming at implementing these standards. The international standards are implemented by the regional co-operation in the form of the MOU(Memorandum of Understanding) on Port State Control in the Asia-Pacific Region on the ground that the PSC enforcement of only one country does not enable the eradication of sub-standard ships. Recently, EQUASIS which is an international database covering the whole world fleet change the regionalism of PSC into the globalization of PSC. However, there are many problems in Tokyo MOV and Korean PSC regime. In order to ensure the implementation of the standards laid down in international conventions and Tokyo MOU, the Korean and other country in Asia-Pacific shall settle the alienation from the actuality of the law, namely the problem of maritime administrative structure of non unifying PSC affairs.

• 산업노동연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.35-64
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• 2013

본 논문은 최저임금 상승의 근로빈곤 완화효과를 실증적으로 분석한 논문이다. 이러한 목적을 위해서 근로빈곤지위에서 근로비빈곤으로 이행하는지, 혹은 실업 및 비경활상태로 이행하는지를 한국노동패널자료를 이용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구는 개인의 미관찰 이질적 특성을 통제한 다수준 다항로짓모형을 활용하였다. 분석결과를 보면 최저임금 상승은 근로빈곤에서 근로비빈곤의 이행 가능성을 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 최저임금 상승과 고용지위 유지와는 별 상관관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 최저임금의 상승은 근로빈곤의 상태를 개선하는데 효과적인 것으로 파악되었다.