• 한국지방자치학회보
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.87-112
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• 2014

The entry of aging society and the coming of (super) aged society need overall the elderly welfare policy and budget for quantitative expansion and qualitative increase to the elderly welfare services. However, financial limit to the elderly welfare and increase to elderly welfare services in local government rely on central government or private sector. This study is discussed the gap between demands and supplies of the elderly welfare services in Busan Metropolitan City and policy implications suggested by these results. The major findings of the study are summarized as follows. First, the rate of the poor elderly under minimum living standard and the elderly housing facilities in demand of the elderly welfare services is reduced, but other measuring indicators are generally increased. Second, a per 10,000 elderly welfare service officials and a per 10,000 elderly medical welfare facilities in supply of the elderly welfare services are generally increased, but other measuring indicators are reduced. The policy implications of the study is to reduce the poor elderly under minimum living standard, to expend the elderly welfare budget, and adequately to supply a variety of the elderly welfare facilities for reduce demand of the elderly welfare services.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2020

Since the design Standard for Energy Conservation in Building was implemented in 2008 for the first time, building elements such as window and door should satisfy the minimum criteria to apply for a building. Though its regulation does not cover the whole building yet, recent demand to reduce energy consumption in building sector grows rapidly year by year and also draws a lot of interest to ensure the whole building level. For example, a Zero energy building, one of low-energy buildings, requires a customized solution to resolve the air leakage issue to meet the standards in achieving the high level of air tightness. In this study, six non-residential buildings were tested by fan pressurization method to observe the air tightness of whole building to suggest the construction guideline for air tightness of low-energy building. Five out of six tested buildings showed 0.27 to 1.16 h^-1 of number of air changes except one community center. These buildings were carefully constructed not only for building planning but also for parts where there was a concern of air leakage, thereby securing high levels of air-tightness. The construction skills were developed as a checklist to manage and supervise the construction site. It is our suggestion to use this checklist at construction sites for ZEB with the high level of air-tightness.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.561-564
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• 2009

In order to reduce damage from natural disasters, prevention activities through analysis and predicting based on meteorological factor and damage data is required. Other countries already have continuously studied on natural disasters and developed reducing disasters damage. But the risk assessment model for natural disaster is not to Korea. Therefore, a previous model of hurricane, Florida Public Hurricane Loss Model(FPHLM), is the basis and is applying to domestic situation. Accordingly, this study introduces the variables selecting process because input variables should be selected under Korea present state and be used. The estimating representative damage method would be necessary along with selecting housing types representing relevant areas because estimating damage amount of all over relevant areas housing was very hard during damage estimating process. But there is no exact representative housing types in the Korea. Therefore, we select housing types applicable to risk assessment model for natural disasters representing the Korea through previous studies and literature reviews. We using ASCE 7-98(Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, 1998) standard which estimated wind load using 3-second gust. ASCE 7-98 divided Main Wind Force Resistance System(MWFRS) and Component and Cladding(C&C) and it estimated wind load. Therefore, we estimate wind load affected by 3-second gust of a typhoon Maemi through calculating wind load process using selected representative detached house types in the process of selecting input variables for previous disaster predict model. The result of houses damage amount is about 230 hundred million won. This values are limit the 1-story detached dwelling, 19~29pyeong(62.81~95.56 $m^2$) of total area and flat roof. Therefore, this process is possible application to other type houses.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.488-502
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• 2020

In this study, the moisture absorption and desorption properties presented by the Health-Friendly Housing Construction Standards of South Korea were compared using the wood of three tree species (Douglas-fir, Hinoki, Larch) and two types of wood-based materials(Plywood, WML Board^Ⓡ). The national standards for functional building materials present that the amounts of moisture absorption and desorption should be at least 65g/㎡ on average, respectively according to the test method under KS F 2611:2009. Therefore, in this study, the moisture absorption/desorption properties of materials with no treatment (Control), with punching, and with surface stain finishing and the moisture absorption/desorption property improvement effects of the treatments were compared and analyzed. According to the results of this study, it was evaluated that all five types of wood and wood-based materials tested did not satisfy the amount of moisture absorption/desorption of at least 65g/㎡, which is the performance standard for moisture absorption/desorption functional building materials, indicating that untreated wood and wood-based materials cannot be applied as functional finishing materials according to the Health-Friendly Housing Construction Standards. The surface stain finishing greatly reduced the moisture absorption and desorption rates of the materials, and the amounts of moisture absorbed and desorbed were also shown to decrease by at least two times on average. When the surfaces of the materials were punched with Ø4mm holes at intervals of 20 mm, the moisture absorption/desorption areas increased from 18% to 51%, and this increase was shown to be capable of increasing the amounts of moisture absorbed/desorbed by 29% on average at the minimum, and 81% on average at the maximum. The effects of punching were shown to be identical even in cases where the materials were stain finished. For the application of wood or wood-based materials as eco-friendly, health-friendly, and moisture absorption/desorption functional building materials hereafter, it is judged that new physical and chemical improvement studies should be conducted, and treatment methods should be developed.

• 태양에너지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.119-125
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• 1995

지금까지 우리는 건물분야에서의 합리적인 에너지 사용을 위하여 건물외피의 단열성능을 향상시킴으로써 열손실을 줄이려는 데에 주력하여 왔으며, 침기로 인한 열손실을 줄이려는 노력은 상대적으로 미흡하였다. 그러나, 침기로 인한 난방에너지의 소비가 상당량에 이르는 것으로 조사됨으로써 재실형태에 따라 최소환기기준을 만족시키면서 침기에 의한 불필요한 에너지의 손실을 줄이려는 노력이 매우 유효한 것으로 평가되고 있다. 실제로 침기에 의한 불필요한 에너지의 낭비가 얼마나 되는가를 평가하기 위해서는, 건물에서의 침기율을 정확하게 측정할 수 있는 방법이 전제되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 감압/가압법의 일종인 Blower Door System을 사용하여 공동주택에서의 기밀성능을 측정, 평가함은 물론 측정결과를 토대로 합리적인 수준까지 기밀화할 경우 난방에너지의 절약가능성에 대하여 추정하였다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2013

Recently, interest and social expectation for children's environment are on the rise. The needs for construction of safe and pleasant child care environment has bees agreed with. Especially, as the number of children who are wanted to go center jumped with additional support the government for child care business, centers have also seen a boost. But as number of child care centers increases rapidly in short period, the quality of centers is more inferior to before. and the space and facility level of many centers don't reach in legal minimum standard. In addition to, when child care centers are reviewed, it tend to be judged by one standard without considering connection with sense of values about child care or philosophy, child's traits, surrounding environment etc. Therefore, it is important to construct environment that can consider children's physical development and behavioral characteristic as well as basic element such thing as protection and support activity for current child care centers. This study presupposes that physical environment of child care centers makes important effect on teacher's motion and child's development, then it is to investigate it's characteristics in physically space, facilities, outdoor playground. And It is to identify space and accommodations, outdoors facilities which can support activity smoothly inside and outside. As a result, it is try to offer appliable basic information about the child-friendly environment of child care centers.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2018

Flat or Multiple Dwelling Houses are relatively vulnerable to crime safety. Crime prevention measures are urgently needed because crime is 2.6 times higher than in real apartments. Through the analysis of domestic and foreign crime prevention design standards, field survey, and interviews with experts, 27 items of crime prevention design criteria for flat or multiple dwelling house were derived, and ten design criteria that should be considered first by the expert AHP were derived. As a result of the pilot evaluation of existing flat or multiple dwelling house, the houses completed after 2015 have relatively high level of crime prevention, but the houses constructed before that are very vulnerable. The policy and system improvement plan based on the analysis result is as follows. First, new housing should be promoted to meet minimum criteria by supplying and educating public officials, architects, and building owners in the short term to provide criteria for flat or multiple dwelling house crime prevention plans. Second, existing housing should be supported with basic crime prevention support projects such as security windows for flat or multiple dwelling house where security of residential environment such as urban renewal policy is poor. Third, the Enforcement Decree of the Building Act shall be revised to make the crime prevention environment design of flat or multiple dwelling house obligatory, and the criteria of flat or multiple dwelling house crime prevention plan should be reflected in the notice of crime prevention building standard.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2016

장기수선계획은 공동주택 수선공사의 시행 기준으로서 장기수선충당금의 적립과 예방보전을 통한 효과적인 시설물관리의 기반을 제공하는 것이며 정부에서는 장기수선계획의 중요성을 감안하여 공동주택의 장기수선공사를 위한 대상항목과 수선주기, 수선율을 법으로 정하고 있다. 그러나 수립기준에 포함된 수선공사의 항목이 최근의 공법 등을 반영하여 적기에 개정되지 못함에 따라 실제 아파트 단지에서 장기수선계획의 빈번한 변경, 수선공사를 둘러싼 논란, 충당금 사용 상의 어려움을 가져오고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 실태분석을 통해 계획수선 항목의 적정성을 평가하여 수립기준을 조정하는 것이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 장기수선계획과 수선공사 데이터를 통해 파악할 수 있는 현황을 바탕으로 주요 수선항목을 도출하고 수립기준을 조정하는 방안을 제안함으로써 장기수선계획의 운영을 담당하는 관리주체의 부담을 저감함과 동시에 적정수준의 수선충당금 적립을 유도하여 건물 내구연한의 연장과 수선공사 실질화를 위한 방안을 제안하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 광범위하게 장기수선계획 사례를 수집하여 계획에의 항목 채택률을 검토하고, 장기수선충당금 사용내역과 관리비 상의 수선유지비 내역을 분석하였다. 주요 항목을 도출함에 있어서는 보수적인 방식으로서 불필요한 항목만을 최소한으로 삭제하는 배제방식과 각 항목의 계획 반영률이 일정 수준 이상이면서 공사내역이 있는 항목만을 가려내는 선택방식 등 두 가지 방식으로 접근하였다. 그 결과 현재의 147개 항목 중 118개와 73개 항목이 배제방식과 선택방식을 통해 각각 주요 항목으로 정리되었다. 장기수선계획 수립을 위한 법적기준은 실제 적용되는 공법과 재료의 현황을 주기적으로 반영하는 것이 필요하다는 점에서 본 연구의 결과는 기준의 실용성 제고에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.886-894
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• 2012

Well-designed housing systems are important from the viewpoint of animal welfare and improvement of meat production. In this study, we investigated the effects of outdoor housing of pigs on their behavior, cortisol levels, and meat characteristics. Two groups that were born and raised in a spacious outdoor pen ($4{\times}10$ m for every two sows) or a minimum-sized standard pen in a piggery ($1.9{\times}2.2$ m for every sow) were studied. When their behaviors at the age of 2 to 3 wk were observed, the number of rooting episodes tended to be larger (p = 0.0509) and the total time of rooting tended to be longer (p = 0.0640) in the outdoor-housed piglets although the difference was not significant. Basal salivary cortisol levels of the outdoor piglets at the age of 4 wk were significantly lower than those of the indoor piglets ($5.0{\pm}0.59$ ng/ml vs. $11.6{\pm}0.91$ ng/ml, 30 min after treatment), although their plasma cortisol levels were similar ($53.3{\pm}3.54$ ng/ml vs. $59.9{\pm}4.84$ ng/ml, 30 min after treatment). When the ears were pierced at weaning, plasma and salivary cortisol levels were increased in both groups, even at 15 min after piercing. However, the increase in the outdoor-housed group was significantly less than that in the indoor-housed group. Throughout their lives, body weight and daily gain of the pigs were not significantly different between the two groups. In a meat taste preference test taken by 20 panelists, saltiness, flavor, and color of the outdoor-housed pork were found to be more acceptable. Moreover, when an electronic taste-sensing device was utilized, the C00 and CPA-C00 outputs ($3.78{\pm}0.07$ and $-0.20{\pm}0.023$), which correspond to compounds of bitterness and smells, respectively, were significantly lower in the outdoor-housed pork ($5.03{\pm}0.16$ and $-0.13{\pm}0.009$). Our results demonstrate that the outdoor housing system for piglets induces natural behaviors such as rooting and suppresses the strongest stress reaction of piglets, which could be important for animal welfare. Moreover, the outdoor housing system might change muscle characteristics and improve pork bitterness, flavor, and color. These changes may be preferred by consumers, increasing the sale of these meats.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2008년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.410-420
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• 2008

The progress of industrialization in Korea has led to increase social participation by females and also a transition toward a nuclear family based system. As a result of it, Korea is nowadays confronted with the issue of childcare, which is emerging as a social problem. In Japan, both combined nurturing facilities and the exclusively dedicated facilities for disabled children are institutionally maintained on a consistent basis. In addition, the enactment of the Children Welfare Act has subsequently given birth to the establishment of the 'Minimum Standard Requirements for Children's Welfare Facilities'. With such act and standards in place, much attention is now paid to a physical improvement of disabled children nurturing facilities, too. In order to make the requirements for such facilities more complete and substantial, local governments have enacted their own ordinances on the basis of the major policies regarding the universal designs for the disabled, such as the Heart Building Act. As Japan has a cultural background similar to that of Korea and is equipped with the nurturing facilities systemized in accordance with the symptom and degree of disabilities, it is believed that a study on the current standards for disabled children in Japan will help to provide our domestic standards applicable to such facilities.