• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.230-235
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• 2006

This study was performed in rats to find the minimum dose of melatonin that can effectively prevent the formation of postoperative intraperitoneal adhesions. Forty-two Sprague Dawley male rats were divided into six groups consisting of 7 rats, respectively. After celiotomy, five abrasions of $0.5{\times}1cm$ area were made on the antimesenteric serosal surface of the colon with a scalpel blade. The abdominal cavity was filled with 1 ml of solution containing 1 mg/kg(Mel 1), 3 mg/kg(Mel 3), 10 mg/kg(Mel 10), 30 mg/kg(Mel 30) and 5% ethanol solution(sham) through the catheter, using a sterile syringe before abdominal closure. Control group was given no adjuvant. The locations and values of adhesion were assessed through the second operation on the 14th day after the first operation. The adhesions were located on serosa to mesentery(54 of 210, 25.7%), serosa to serosa(44 of 210, 21%), serosa to omentum (12 of 210, 5.7%) and serosa to parietal peritoneum(0 of 210, 0%). The incidences of adhesion in Control, Sham, Mel 1, Mel 3, Mel 10 and Mel 30 were 68.6%, 91.4%, 57.1%, 60.1%, 17.1% and 20%, respectively. The values of adhesion separation in Mel 10 and Mel 30 group were lower than those in other groups. However, there was no significant(p<0.05) between Mel 10 and Mel 30 group. This study showed that 10 mg/kg of melatonin were effective in reducing the intraperitoneal adhesion.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.350-357
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• 2014

We studied on pesticide residue and pest control effect when using various types of sprayers on paprika cultivation. Additionally, a test was conducted to optimize chemical content per unit area in condition of optimum pest control. Two types of sprayer were tested (three times) on paprika cultivation which was divided into seven sections. Blind spots were also examined using a water sensitive paper when spraying chemical pesticide, remote controlled sprayer were confirmed to be not effective in terms of its spraying capacity. However, a U-shaped sprayer was confirmed that it sprayed enough on all the parts of a plant in green house including the blind spots. Additionally, it does not exceed the minimum residue limits on the all parts of pesticides residue conditions. When using remote controlled sprayer, water sensitive paper were changed to blue color (82.5% and 81.2%) in terms of controlling Bemisia tabaci and Aphis gossypii based on the two spraying manners. 53.0% and 42.6% of control effect were shown on the fair parts of the plants. However, on the poor parts on which pesticides were not well-sprayed, thus, not-remained, more number of pests increased. Meanwhile, on farming that only one type of pesticide has been used, resistance pests present with very low control effect, even though sufficient amount of pesticide was well-sprayed. On the test of the optimum amount of spraying per a unit area, which shows no differences in the two cases of using 5L and 2.5L of chemical pesticides on 9 plants of paprika that has 81.8% and 84.5% control effect, respectively.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 2001

Purpose : To evaluate the effectiveness and tolerance of the postoperative radiation therapy for patients with Stage III thymoma and to define the optimal radiotherapeutic regimen Materials and Methods : We retrospectively analyzed the records of 24 patients with Stage III thymoma who were referred for postoperative radiation therapy in our institution from June, 1987 to May, 1999. Surgical therapy consisted of total resection in one patient, subtotal resection in seventeen, and biopsy alone in six patients. Age of the patients was ranged from 20 to 62 years with mean age of 47 years. Male to female ratio was 14 to 10. Radiation therapy was delivered with linear accelerator producing either 6 MeV or 10 MeV photons. The irradiated volume included anterior mediastinum and known residual disease. The supraclavicular fossae were not irradiated. The delivered total dose was ranged from 30 to 56 Gy. One patient received 30 Gy and eighteen patients received minimum of 50 Gy. Follow up period was ranged from 12 months to 8 years with median follow up of 40 months. Results : The overall local control rate for entire group of patients was $67\%$ at 5 years. The cumulative local failure rates at one, three and five year were $18\%,\;28\%\;and\;33\%$, respectively. In patients treated with subtotal resection and biopsy alone, local control rate was $76\%\;and\;33\%$, respectively. The actuarial observed survival rate at 5 years was $57\%$, and actuarial adjusted survival at 5 years was $72\%$. The difference between 5 year survival rates for patients treated with subtotal resection and biopsy alone was not statistically significant $(62\%\;vs\;30\%)$. Conclusion : We might conclude that postoperative radiation therapy was safe and effective treatment for patients with Stage III thymoma. Postoperative radiation therapy is recommended in cases where tumor margin is close or incomplete resection is accomplished.