• 대한치매학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.148-155
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• 2018

Background and Purpose: Two conversion scales between the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) have been validated for Korean patients with Parkinson's disease. The aim of the present study was to validate these conversion scales for all patients with cognitive impairments regardless of dementia subtype. Methods: Medical records of 323 subjects who completed both MMSE and MoCA on the same day were retrospectively reviewed. Mean, median, and root mean squared error (RMSE) of the difference between true and equivalent MMSE scores were calculated. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between true and equivalent MMSE scores were also calculated. The validity of MoCA-MMSE conversion scales was evaluated according to educational level (low educated: ${\leq}6$ years; high educated: ${\geq}7$ years) and subtypes of cognitive impairment. Results: The difference between true and equivalent MMSE scores had a median value of 0, a mean value of 0.19 according to the van Steenoven scale, a mean value of 0.57 according to the Lawton scale, RMSE value of 2.2 according to the van Steenoven scale, and RMSE value of 0.42 according to the Lawton scale. Additionally, ICCs between true and equivalent MMSE scores were 0.92 and 0.90 on van Steenovan and Lawton conversion scales, respectively. These results were maintained in subgroup analyses. Conclusions: Findings of the present study suggest that both van Steenovan and Lawton MoCA-MMSE conversion scales are applicable to transforming MoCA scores into MMSE scores in patients with cognitive impairments regardless of dementia subtype or educational level.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.290-304
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• 2023

Background: Innovative Alzheimer's disease drugs received approval in the United States in 2021 and 2023. This study aims to assess the safety and efficacy of these novel treatments, elucidate their mechanisms of action, and compare their impact on cognitive function improvement with approved drugs. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of pivotal clinical studies related to Alzheimer's disease treatments in PubMed/Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases from January 1st, 2020 to December 31st, 2022. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Results: A total of 14 studies were included in this systematic review. When compared to the placebo, the new drugs did not exhibit a statistically significant effect on MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination) (mean difference= -0.04, 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: -0.31, 0.23, N=3662, I²=0%). However, they demonstrated a significant impact on ADAS-cog (Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale) (standardized mean difference= -0.15, 95% CIs: -0.2, -0.1, N=6710, I²=17%). When compared to the approved drugs, the new drugs showed a statistically significantly lower effect on MMSE (test for subgroup difference Chi²=23.13, N = 5870, p<0.00001) but showed only a trend of decreased efficacy on ADAS-cog (Chi²=1.16, N = 8670, p=0.28). Conclusion: New drugs yielded diverse clinical endpoint results compared to the placebo, and in comparison to existing approved drugs, they exhibited lower efficacy in improving cognitive function. The safety profile of these new drugs, as reported in clinical trials, was generally well-tolerated.

• 대한치매학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2023

Background and Purpose: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) has been known as a screening test for detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI) better than Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). However, in previous domestic studies, no significant difference was found in the discriminability between MoCA and MMSE. Researchers have suggested that this might be because older Koreans are less educated than older Westerners. This study was conducted to examine the effect of education on the discriminability of MoCA compared to the MMSE. Methods: Participants were 123 cognitively normal elderly, 118 with vascular MCI, 108 with amnestic MCI, 121 with vascular dementia, and 113 with dementia of the Alzheimer's type. The Korean-MoCA (K-MoCA) and Korean-MMSE (K-MMSE) were administered. Multiple regression analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed. Results: In all participants, education significantly affected both K-MoCA and K-MMSE scores along with age. The effect of education was re-examined by subgroup analysis after dividing subjects according to the level of education. Effect of education on K-MoCA and K-MMSE was only shown in the group with <9 years of education. ROC curve analyses revealed that the discriminability of K-MoCA to differentiate between vascular MCI and normal elderly was significantly higher than that of K-MMSE. When re-examining subgroups divided by education level, however, this higher discriminability of K-MoCA disappeared in the group with <9 years of education. Conclusions: These results indicate no difference in discriminating cognitive deficits between K-MoCA and K-MMSE in Korean elderly with <9 years of education.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2022

목적 : 본 연구는 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 한 인지기능 평가 도구 간의 상관성을 알아봄으로써 임상에서 평가 도구를 선정하거나 사용하는데 도움이 될 수 있는 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 병원 등 의료기관에 입원하여 작업치료를 받는 뇌졸중 환자 51명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 평가 도구는 인지선별검사(Cognitive Impairment Screening Test: CIST), 한국판 간이정신상태검사 2판(Korean-Mini Mental State Examination, 2nd Edition: K-MMSE~2)과 임상치매척도(Clinical Dementia Rating: CDR)를 사용하였다. 평가 도구 점수 간 상관관계는 Spearman's rank correlation coefficient를, 전체 CDR 점수에 따른 CIST와 K-MMSE~2의 총점 비교는 Wilcoxon signed rank test를 이용하여 분석하였다. 결과 : CIST와 K-MMSE~2의 총점 및 전체 CDR 점수 간 상관관계는 CIST와 K-MMSE~2(ρ=.956), CIST와 CDR(ρ=-.957), K-MMSE~2와 CDR(ρ=-.971)에서 통계학적으로 유의미한 상관관계를 보였다(p<.01). CIST와 K-MMSE~2의 하위영역별 점수 간 상관관계는 모든 하위영역에서 통계학적으로 유의미한 상관관계를 보였다(p<.01). 전체 CDR 점수에 따른 CIST와 K-MMSE~2의 총점 비교는 모든 전체 CDR 점수에서 통계학적으로 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>.05). 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 한 CIST, K-MMSE~2 및 CDR 간에 상관성이 있다는 점을 알 수 있었다. 향후에는 다른 대상자를 통한 연구가 진행되기를 바라며, 본 연구의 결과가 병원 등의 임상에서 인지기능 평가 도구를 선정 또는 사용함에 있어 참고자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권9호
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• pp.287-294
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• 2009

연구를 통하여 뇌졸중 환자에서 알렌인지수준과 인지기능, 일상생활활동 및 상지기능과의 상관관계를 분석하고자 하였다. 연구 대상자는 뇌졸중 환자 38명으로 인지기능은 알렌인지주순검사(Allen Cognitive Level Test) 와 한국형 간이 정신상태검사(Mini-Mental Screening Exam-Korea)로, 일상생활활동은 기능적독립성측정(Functional Independence Measure)로, 뇌졸중 상기 기능은 뇌졸중 상지기능검사(Manual Function Test)로 검사하였다. 피어슨 상관관계 분석을 이용하여 상관관계를 분석하였다. 알렌인지수준과 한국형 간이정신상태검사, 기능적독립측정, 뇌졸중 상기기능검사 간에 상관관계가 유의하였다(p<.05). 본 연구에서는 알렌인지수준 검사와 일상생활활동과의 상관성 및 인지평가도구로서의 유용성을 제시하였고 편마비 환자 적용에 있어 문제의 가능성과 이에 따른 연구 필요성을 제기하였다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.169-178
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• 2001

After initial recovery from acute carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication, some patients occasionally undergo severe neuropsychiatric deterioration, which is called postanoxic delayed encephalopathy (sequelae). This is the clinical report about one patient, a 73-year-old man, diagnosed with delayed encephalopathy after acute CO intoxication. The symptoms of the patient were mental dysfunction including memory impairment and disorientation, abnormal behavior, incontinence and mutism. He had completely recovered after an aonxic episode, but the neurological symptoms that developed were preceded by an interval of apparent normality (the 'lucid interval'). We characterized him as suffering deficiency syndrome of the heart and prescribed for him Bokreongbosim-tang and Guipi-tang, and thereafter his symptoms were remarkably improved. For the evaluation of clinical improvement, we use the Modified Barthel Index (MBI), Canadian Neurologic Scale (CNS), and the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE)

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.163-171
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• 2007

Dementia is a syndrome charaterized by a decline in multiple fields of cognitive domains. This is the case of a vascular dementia patient with disorientation, memory impairment and mental disorders. The patient was treated with herb medicine, Sesimtang mixed Gujuntang. As a result of herb medication, patient’s memory and disorientation were improved and the score of K-DRS(Korea-Dementia Rating Scale) and MMSE-K(Mini-Mental State Examination-K) was ascended.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.91-102
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• 2021

본 연구는 국내 치매환자의 인지기능 향상을 위한 중재에 대한 특성과 효과를 분석하기 위해 무작위 대조군 실험연구에 대한 체계적 고찰을 시행하였다. 5개의 검색 데이터베이스를 사용하여 2010년 1월부터 2021년 6월까지 발표된 연구를 분석하였다. 총 1,104편의 연구가 검색되어 총 27편의 연구를 최종 분석하였다. 문헌의 질 평가는 Risk of bias(RoB)를 사용하였다. 인지기능 평가도구는 Mini-Mental Status Examination(MMSE)이 가장 많이 사용되었다. 인지기능 중재는 운동치료, 미술치료, 인지자극, 회상치료, 음악치료, 복합인지재활, 가상현실, 원예치료, 컴퓨터기반 인지훈련, 의도적 다감각자극, 미용치료, 요리활동, 한국적 익숙함이 적용되었다. 운동치료 2편, 가상현실 1편, 미용치료 1편을 제외하고 모든 연구에서 인지기능에 유의한 향상이 나타났다. 본 연구는 국내 치매환자의 인지기능에 대한 중재를 계획하고 실행하는데 임상적 근거를 제시하였다. 향후에는 연구방법의 질적 향상으로 체계적이고 치매의 특성에 맞는 다양한 중재 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.189-199
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• 2005

We experienced a 71year-old man who had a traumatic subdural hemorrhage as well as delirium, and whose condition was improved through oriental medical treatment. Herbal medicine Hwaeo-jeon is administered three times a day. We did Mini-Mental State Examination-Korean(MMSE-K) and Korean-Dementia Rating Scale(K-DRS). After being treated, the patient showed that symptoms of delirium(diminished or altered state of consciousness, impairment of cognitive abilities or physical function) was improved considerably. This result suggests that Hwaeo-jeon has good effects on delirium with Traumatic Subdural Hemorrhage.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.117-125
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• 2002

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical application of oriental medical therapy to a patient with memory disorders and quadriparesis caused by traffic accident. Methods: This study was carried out on a patient who was admitted to the Sangji oriental medical hospital, from January 21st in 2002 to May 2nd in 2002. We used 4 kinds of diagnosis(watching, asking, hearing, and toughing) and treated the patient with herbal medication and acupuncture therapy. Then we estimated the effect of memory disorders through MMSE-K(Mini mental State Examination-Korea) and K-DRS(Korean-Dementia Rating Scale). The numerical effect demonstrated ability of movement through range of motion. Results: Following the treatment the patient's mental state and the ability of movement improved. Conclusions: The present results suggest that oriental medical therapy has the positive effects on a patient with memory disorders and quadriparesis which were caused by traffic accident.