• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.3071-3074
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• 2014

Background: To investigate the related risk factors of postoperative nosocomial pneumonia (POP) in patients withI-IIIa lung cancer. Methods: Medical records of 511 patients who underwent resection for lung cancer between January 2012 to December 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Risk factors of postoperative pneumonia were identified and evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: The incidence of postoperative pneumonia in these lung cancer patients was 2.9% (15 cases). Compared with 496 patients who had no pneumonia infection after operation, older age (>60), histopathological type of squamous cell carcinoma and longer surgery time (>3h) were significant risk factors by univariate analysis. Other potential risk factors such as alcohol consumption, history of smoking, hypersensitivity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and so on were not showed such significance in this study. Further, the multivariate analysis revealed that old age (>60 years) (OR 5.813, p=0.018) and histopathological type of squamous cell carcinoma (OR 5.831, p<0.001) were also statistically significant independent risk factors for postoperative pneumonia. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that being old aged (>60 years) and having squamous cell carcinoma histopathological type might be important factors in determining the risk of postoperative pneumonia in lung cancer patients after surgery.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.778-783
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• 2014

The polymorphism of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase (TYR) genes have been proposed to play a vital role in coat colour genesis in mammals, but their role remains ambiguous in geese at best. Here, we cloned and sequenced 1,397 bp coding region of MITF gene and a 588 bp fragment of TYR exon 1 for polymorphism analysis among 157 domestic geese showing three types of plumage colour. We detected a total of three SNPs (c.280T>C, c.345G>A, and c.369G>A) in TYR and six haplotypes (H1-H6). Among them, haplotypes H1, H2, H3, and H5 were significantly associated with white plumage trait of Zhedong White Geese. However, only diplotype H1H1 and H3H5 were significantly associated with white plumage trait of Zhedong White Geese (p<0.01). We only detected one SNP (c.1109C>T) for MITF gene and found that genotype CT and TT were significantly associated with white plumage trait of Zhedong White Geese. Briefly, our study suggested an association between polymorphisms of TYR and MITF genes and the plumage colour trait in domestic geese.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.853-862
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• 2018

Frequency coupling in the phase domain is a recently reported phenomenon for phase locked loop (PLL) based three-phase grid-inverter systems. This paper investigates the mechanism and stabilization method for the frequency coupling to the stability of grid-inverter systems. Self and accompanying admittance models are employed to represent the frequency coupling characteristics of the inverter, and a small signal equivalent circuit of a grid-inverter system is set up to reveal the mechanism of the frequency coupling to the system stability. The analysis reveals that the equivalent inverter admittance is changed due to the frequency coupling of the inverter, and the system stability is affected. In the end, retuning the bandwidth of the phase locked loop is presented to stabilize the three-phase grid-inverter system. Experimental results are given to verify the analysis and the stabilization scheme.

• 한국미생물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물생명공학회 2005년도 2005 Annual Meeting & International Symposium
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• pp.204-211
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• 2005

The technology of Solid-State-Fermentation (SSF) with corn straw by Pichia ohmeri T021 was studied in this article. After being crushed, the corn straw powder was added into vitriol solutions to hydrolysis, which the quality proportion of corn straw: water: vitriol (98%) is 20:80:1. The mixtures was incubated at 120$^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour, and the hydrolysis rate reached 19%. Following, the mixture was adjusted to pH 4.5 by sodium carbonate and added cellulase (25IFPU/g). The hydrolysis rate reached 15% after the mixture was incubated at 50$^{\circ}C$ for 25h. The mixture which hydrolysed by vitriol was inoculated by Pichia ohmeri T021 (5${\times}10^7$cell/g) and added cellulase (25 IFPU/g) at the same time. The ethanol yield reached 2.99g per 100 gram substrate after the fermenting grains was incubated at 33$^{\circ}C$, pH 4.5 for 5 days.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.141-146
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• 2014

A series of bimetallic Cu-Zn/$SiO_2$ catalysts were prepared via thermal decomposition of the as-synthesized $CuZn(OH)_4(H_2SiO_3)_2{\cdot}nH_2O$ hydroxides precursors. This highly dispersed Cu-solid base catalyst is extremely effective for hydrogenation of ethyl acetate to ethanol. The reduction and oxidation features of the precursors prepared by coprecipitation method and catalysts were extensively investigated by TGA, XRD, TPR and $N_2$-adsorption techniques. Catalytic activity by ethyl acetate hydrogenation of reaction temperatures between 120 and $300^{\circ}C$, different catalyst calcination and reduction temperatures, different Cu/Zn loadings have been examined extensively. The relation between the performance for hydrogenation of ethyl acetate and the structure of the Cu-solid base catalysts with Zn loading were discussed. The detected conversion of ethyl acetate reached 81.6% with a 93.8% selectivity of ethanol. This investigation of the Cu-Zn/$SiO_2$ catalyst provides a recently proposed pathway for ethyl acetate hydrogenation reaction to produce ethanol over Cu-solid base catalysts.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권11호
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• pp.3571-3575
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• 2012

A number of novel small molecules, safrole oxide derivatives 4a-c, 6a-c, 9a-h, were synthesized by the reaction of safrole oxide with anilines 3 and 5, or its alkyl allyl ether derivative 7 with alkyl bromide 8 in moderate yields. The antiproliferative effects of all the target molecules on A549 cell growth were investigated and it was found that the 14 novel compounds could suppress A549 lung cancer cell growth. Among them, compound 6b was the most effective compound in inhibiting the proliferation of A549 cells.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 스테인드글라스 렌더링을 위한 조명 모델을 제안한다. 본 기법은 스테인드글라스에서 중요시되는 광학적 요소를 렌더링 알고리즘에 반영하여 보다 사실적인 스테인드글라스 결과 영상을 만들어낸다. 이를 위해 3단계의 작업을 수행하게 되는데 먼저 스테인드글라스의 표면과 빛의 방향에 의해서 영향을 받게 되는 확산광과 빛과 시선의 각도에 따라 달라지는 하이라이트를 계산한다. 그 다음으로 프레넬 항을 이용하여 스테인드글라스에 투과된 빛의 양을 계산한다. 그 후, 각 유리조각의 색상에 따른 빛의 흡수를 표현하여 사실적인 스테인드글라스 영상을 만든다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.148-152
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• 2004

A new molecular-baiting method was studied by retrieving targeted gene fragments from an oligonucleotide microarray bait after hybridization. To make the microarray bait, 70-mer oligonucleotides that were designed to specifically represent the SSA1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were printed on the slide. Samples of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mRNA were extracted and labeled by the RD-PCR (Restriction Display PCR) method using the Cy5-labelled universal primer, then applied for hybridization. The sample fragments that hybridized to the microarray were stripped, and the eluted cDNAs were retrieved and cloned into the pMD 18-T vector for transformation, plasmid preparation, and sequencing. BLAST searching of the GenBank database identified the retrieved fragments as being identical to the SSA1 gene (from 2057-2541bp). A new method is being established that can retrieve the sample fragments using an oligo-microarray-bait.

• BMB Reports
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.247-256
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• 2017

CRISPR/Cas9 is the latest tool introduced in the field of genome engineering and is so far the best genome-editing tool as compared to its precedents such as, meganucleases, zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator-like effectors (TALENs). The simple design and assembly of the CRISPR/Cas9 system makes genome editing easy to perform as it uses small guide RNAs that correspond to their DNA targets for high efficiency editing. This has helped open the doors for multiplexible genome targeting in many species that were intractable using old genetic perturbation techniques. Currently, The CRISPR system is revolutionizing the way biological researches are conducted and paves a bright future not only in research but also in medicine and biotechnology. In this review, we evaluated the history, types and structure, the mechanism of action of CRISPR/Cas System. In particular, we focused on the application of this powerful tool in autophagy research.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.997-1017
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• 2014

According to the structure characteristics of the non-uniform beam bridge, a practical model for calculating the vibration equation of the non-uniform beam bridge is given and the application scope of the model includes not only the beam bridge structure but also the non-uniform beam with added masses and elastic supports. Based on the Bernoulli-Euler beam theory, extending the application of the modal perturbation method and establishment of a semi-analytical method for solving the vibration equation of the non-uniform beam with added masses and elastic supports based is able to be made. In the modal subspace of the uniform beam with the elastic supports, the variable coefficient differential equation that describes the dynamic behavior of the non-uniform beam is converted to nonlinear algebraic equations. Extending the application of the modal perturbation method is suitable for solving the vibration equation of the simply supported and continuous non-uniform beam with its arbitrary added masses and elastic supports. The examples, that are analyzed, demonstrate the high precision and fast convergence speed of the method. Further study of the timesaving method for the dynamic characteristics of symmetrical beam and the symmetry of mode shape should be developed. Eventually, the effects of elastic supports and added masses on dynamic characteristics of the three-span non-uniform beam bridge are reported.