• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.590-593
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• 1996

This study was done to evaluate the effect of dietary calcium level (a diet which met 100% or twice the calcium level in AIN-76 diet) on preventing bone loss in ovariectomized rats. Forty Sprauge-Dawley female rats(body weight 200$\pm$5g)were divided into two groups. One group were ovariecotomized (Ovx) while the others received sham operation(Sham). Thereafter, each rat group was further divided into normal calcium diet(0.52%) and high calcium diet(1.04%) subgroups. All rats were fed on experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 8 weeks. The total body, spine and femur bone mineral densities and bone mineral contents were measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry, Eight weeks following operation, ovariectomized rats fed a high calcium diet had a significantly higher total bone mineral content, total bone calcium content, spine bone mineral density, spine bone mineral content and femur bone mineral content than ovariectomized rats fed control calcium diet. The correlation between dietary calcium intake level and spine bone mineral density were positive, but there was no correlation between dietary calcium intake and femur bone mineral density. The findings from the present study demonstrated that bone loss due to ovarian hormonal deficiency can be partially prevented by a high calcium diet. Futhermore, these findings support the strategy of the use of a high calcium diet in the prevention of estrogen depleted bone loss(postmenopausal osteoporosis)

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.216-217
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• 2018

The three kinds of tests are used to further study the effect of the amount of mineral powder in this mixture design. Firstly, comparing the relationship of the content of mineral powder and asphalt bitumen membrane thickness at different asphalt content, through film thickness to determine the range of gradation and asphalt content in laboratory tests, Grade A and Grade D, asphalt content 2.6%, 3.4% and 3.8% are set for the benchmark, then fatigue properties of the test are carried out in the established range, the result show that asphalt film thickness decreases with the addition of mineral powder. The result also show that fatigue properties of asphalt rubber mixture will reduced, when mineral powder added in, especially when the asphalt content is high.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.195-201
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dietary calcium supplementation and exercise on bone mineral density and bone mineral content of growing female rats. The exercise and control group were fed a diet containing 0.5% calcium and Ca supplementation group were fed a diet containing 1.0% calcium diet. The exercise group ran on a rodent treadmill (speed of 15m/min for 30 min) three days per week during the 3-week study period. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) of spine and femur were determined by using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (FIXI-mus, GE Lunar Radiation Cooperation, Madison, WI, USA). The exercise group had significantly greater (6.25%) spine BMD compared to the nonexercise group and the exercise group had but not significantly greater spine BMC (7.1%) compared to nonexercisers. Femur BMD and BMC divided by the rats final body weight appears to have a higher BMD (7.5%) and BMC (4.5%) in the exercise group, which indicates that exercise had a positive influence on femur bone mineral density and bone mineral content. The supplementation of calcium did not significantly affect spine and femoral BMC and BMD for the 3 weeks experimental period. It can be concluded that when calcium intake meets the recommended, exercise is beneficial for acquisition of spine bone mineral density in young growing female rats. (J Community Nutrition 4(3) : 195∼201, 2002)

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.292-299
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• 2017

Purpose: The present study explored cookie making performance using Jeju magma seawater to elucidate the effects of minerals in water on quality of baked goods. Methods: Seven water samples were analyzed for their mineral content, pH and water hardness. Starch pasting properties of flour in water samples was analyzed using RVA, and cookie making performance using water samples was evaluated with the AACCI wire-cut cookie baking method. Quality of cookies was measured by weight loss during baking, cookie geometry, color, and firmness. Results: Hardness of water samples ranged from 0-4200, and mineral content was in the order of magma seawater > 100% ED mineral water > 50% ED mineral water > 10% ED mineral water > tap water > Samdasoo > distilled water. RVA results showed that water hardness exhibited significant relationships with pasting temperature (p<0.05, R=0.863), peak viscosity (p<0.001, R=0.944), final viscosity (p<0.05, R=0.861), and setback (p<0.05, R=0.782). Cookie baking results showed that cookie diameter increased in the order of magma seawater < 100% ED mineral water < 50% ED mineral water < 10% ED mineral water $\approx$ tap water < Samdasoo < distilled water. Conclusion: As mineral content in water increased, flour pasting temperature and viscosity increased, whereas cookie diameter decreased with color fading. However, cookies formulated with 50% ED mineral water showed similar cookie geometry and texture to those with tap water. Therefore, controlling the mineral content of water can be successfully applied to produce mineral-enriched cookies.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.1364-1368
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• 2015

This study was performed to evaluate mineral contents of catfish Silurus asotus. As a result of mineral content, the mean content of the macro mineral was (in descending order): K (310.36-412.66 mg/100 g), P (186.42-223.02 mg/100 g), Na (35.32-57.87 mg/100 g), Mg (22.88-31.87 mg/100 g), Ca (9.05-13.07 mg/100 g). In comparison, the mean content of the micro mineral was (in descending order): Fe (0.26-0.95 mg/100 g), Zn (0.26-1.02 mg/100 g), Cu (ND-0.08 mg/100 g), Mn (0.01-0.03 mg/100 g). A proportion of mineral intakes with the dietary reference intakes for Koreans (KDRIs) set by the Korean Nutrition Society. Nutrient uptake proportion of mineral intakes was (in descending order): P (62.16%), K (20.71%), Mg (16.82%), Fe (13.02%), Zn (11.38%) Cu (10.94%), Na (6.59%), Ca (3.09%), Mn (0.96%). The mineral content was compared with the major protein food sources according to the Korea Health Statistics (2013) such as polished rice, pork, chicken, beef, eggs and milk. The calcium content contains; lower level of milk and eggs, chicken whereas higher levels of rice, pork and beef. Catfish has less iron content than major protein food source. Phosphorus and potassium contain higher level of major protein food sources.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dietary protein and exercise on bone mineral density and bone mineral content of growing male rats. Forty male, Sprague-Dawley rats(age 21 days) were assigned to four groups that underwent 9 weeks of experimental treatment. Animals were assigned to one of two exercise treatments (treadmill running or sedentary). The exercise and nonexercise group were fed a diet containing casein or soy with rich isoflavones (3.4mg/g protein). The exercise group ran on a rodent treadmill(speed of 15m/min for 30min) three days per week during the 9-week study period. All rats were fed an experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 9 weeks. Total bone mineral density (BMD), total bone mineral content (BMC), total body calcium, spine BMD and BMC, and femur BMD and BMC were determined by using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (FIXI-mus, GE Lunar Radiation Cooperation, Madison, WI, USA). The soy diet group appears to have a significantly higher total BMD/weight and total BMC/ weight, spine BMD/weight, spine BMC/weight, femur BMD/weight and femur BMC/weight compared to the casein group in nonexercise and exercise. The exercise group had significantly greater total BMD/weight and BMC/ weight, spine BMD/weight and BMC/weight, femur BMD/weight and BMC/weight compared to the nonexercise group when the protein source was casein. The exercise combined soy group had significantly greater total BMD/weight and BMC/weight, spine BMD/weight and BMC/weight, femur BMD/weight and BMC/weight, compared to the exercise combined casein group. The results indicate that exercise had a positive influence on bone mineral density and bone mineral content and soy significantly affect on bone mineral density and bone mineral content for the 9 weeks experimental period. It can be concluded that exercise combined with a soy diet is most beneficial for acquisition of spine bone mineral density in young growing male rats. This convincing evidence suggests that a change in life style such as increasing exercise and consumption of soy protein is a practical strategy for significantly reducing the incidence of osteoporosis.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.466-478
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• 2003

This study was to evaluate the body composition and bone mineral density according to aging in adult and investigated the relationship between various parameters such as body mass index(BMI), bone mineral density(BMD), bone mineral content(BMC), lean body mass(LBM), fat mass(FM) and the value obtained from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA). The subjects were composed of healthy adult male and female who were $20^{\sim}73$ years old and they were divided three group according to age (A group : 20-39 yrs., B group : 40-59 yrs., C group : more than 60 yrs.). The conclusion derived from statistical analysis was as follows : 1. Bone mineral content and density were significantly affected by lean body mass(relatively, R=0.85 - 0.63). 2. There was significant difference among age groups in total bone mineral density. 3. There was significant difference among age groups in bone mineral content of male and female. 4. Lean body mass is diminished according to age, but there was not significant difference among age groups. 5. Fat mass of A group in male had the highest mass and followed by C group and B group. In female groups, fat mass of A group had the highest mass and followed by B group and C group. Abdominal fat mass is increased according to age. This result suggest that aging was closely relation with loss of muscle mass, bone mineral density and bone mineral content.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2008

The effects of vitamin $D_{3}$ supplementation on bone mineral density and bone mineral content in ovariectmized rats were investigated. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight 180 g) were divided into two group, ovariectomy and Sham groups, which were each randomly divided into two subgroups that were fed casein and casein supplemented with vitamin $D_{3}$ diets. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured using PIXlmus (GE Lunar Co, Wisconsin, USA) in spine and femur on 6 weeks after feeding. Osteocalcin and urinary DPD crosslinks value were measured as markers of bone formation and resorption. The body weight gain and food efficiency ratio (FER) were higher in OVX groups than in Sham groups regardless of diets. Serum Ca concentration and urinary Ca excretion were higher in vitamin $D_{3}$ supplemented group than in casein group in Sham and OVX. Crosslinks values were higher in OVX groups than in Sham groups. Spine BMD and femur BMD of ovariectomy group were significantly lower than Sham groups, however vitamin $D_{3}$ supplemented groups were significantly higher than control groups in Sham and OVX. In conclusion, dietary vitamin $D_{3}$ supplementation on ovariectimized rats were significantly increased bone mineral density and bone mineral content in spine and femur.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.75-78
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the mineral content of the feces of the $5^th$ instar larvae in a few silkworm species such as a parent domestic silkworm (Jam134), a hybrid (Kumok-jam), the Japanese oak silkworm, and the Chinese oak silkworm. The major minerals of all silkworms throughout all $5^th$ instar larval period are K, P, Mg and Ca, and the result is consistent with the previous study of the mineral content in the mulberry leaves. Although the calcium content decreased sharply at $7^th$ day of the $5^th$ instar, the crude protein content significantly increased at the same age in both domestic silkworms, suggesting a direct relationship between feeding behavior of the silkworms at the larval period and mineral/protein contents. However, this trend was not observed in both oak silkworms. In the comparison of the mineral content among silkworm species, two domestic silkworms were significantly higher in the calcium content compared with two oak silkworms, and the hybrid Kumok-jam was further higher significantly than the feces of parental Jam 143. Excluding the calcium content, overall no significant content variation in other minerals was observed among four silkworm species studied in this study.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.315-323
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• 2008

To measure the mineral content of fishes, we collected 177 individuals from 53 fish species from the east (Pohang), west (Gunsan), and south (Tongyeong) coasts of Korea. The mean content of the macro mineral in a 100 g sample taken from the edible portion of each fish was (in descending order): P(207.4 mg), K(169.7 mg), Na(101.6 mg), Ca(44.4 mg), and Mg(30.4 mg). In comparison, the mean content of micro mineral in the fishes was (in descending order): Zn ($8.98{\mu}g/g$), Fe ($5.03{\mu}g/g$), Cu ($0.76{\mu}g/g$), Mn ($0.43{\mu}g/g$), and Ni ($0.08{\mu}g/g$). We could not observe clear regional variation in the mineral content of fish species. With regard to minerals considered essential for humans, the amount of Ca per sample (100 g) was the highest in the Scyliorhinus torazame (465.4 mg), and than followed by Ammodytes personatus (338.0 mg), Dasyatis akajei (267.4 mg), Raja kenojei (248.1 mg), Conger myriaster (174.1 mg), Clupanodon punctatus (86.8 mg), Muraenesox cinereus (81.2 mg), and Engraulis japonica (70.4 mg). The daily average intake of the mineral through the fishes consisted of P (100.6 mg), K (82.3 mg), Na (49.3 mg), Mg (14.8 mg), Zn (0.44 mg), Fe (0.24 mg), Cu (0.04 mg) and Mn (0.02 mg). The respective intakes of macro mineral (P, Mg, Na, Ca, K) from the fishes were about 14.4, 4.2, 3.3, 3.1 and 1.8% of the dietary reference intakes for Koreans (KDRIs) set by the Korean Nutrition Society. In comparison, the respective intakes of micro mineral (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn) from the fishes were about 4.6, 4.4, 2.4, and 0.6% of the KDRIs.