• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.261-267
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• 2012

Different housing systems have considerable influence on performance in poultry production. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the impact of different housing systems on the performance, bone mineral density and egg yolk fatty acid composition in laying hen. Hy-line brown pullets (n=450) of 12 weeks age were randomly divided into 3 housing systems with 6 replicates of 25 birds in each room. A diet with 2,750 kcal/kg ME and 16.5% CP was assigned to all birds. The pullets provided free access to feed and water. Significantly (P<0.05) higher values for egg production, egg mass and feed conversion efficiency were found in battery cages, however egg weight, egg shell color and breaking strength was remarkably (P<0.05) higher in floor system. The albumin height and Haugh unit were significantly higher (P<0.05) in battery cages which was statistically similar to aviary housing system. The egg yolk fatty acids concentration of linoleic acid and linolenic acids were significantly higher in aviary and in floor system, respectively, however both values were lower in battery cages. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acid content (%) in egg yolk did not influence by any housing systems. Bone mineral density was significantly higher (P<0.05) in floor and aviary housing system than that of battery cage system. It was concluded that in battery cages the egg production and composition maximized, however higher bone mineral density and yolk fatty acids content can be improved in the laying hen reared on floor and aviary housing systems.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.11.1-11.10
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• 2018

Objectives: This study aimed to introduce the use of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for evaluation of the mineral content of root canal dentin, and to assess whether a correlation exists between LIBS and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) methods by comparing the effects of irrigation solutions on the mineral content change of root canal dentin. Materials and Methods: Forty teeth with a single root canal were decoronated and longitudinally sectioned to expose the canals. The root halves were divided into 4 groups (n = 10) according to the solution applied: group NaOCl, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 1 hour; group EDTA, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for 2 minutes; group NaOCl+EDTA, 5.25% NaOCl for 1 hour and 17% EDTA for 2 minutes; a control group. Each root half belonging to the same root was evaluated for mineral content with either LIBS or SEM/EDS methods. The data were analyzed statistically. Results: In groups NaOCl and NaOCl+EDTA, the calcium (Ca)/phosphorus (P) ratio decreased while the sodium (Na) level increased compared with the other groups (p < 0.05). The magnesium (Mg) level changes were not significant among the groups. A significant positive correlation was found between the results of LIBS and SEM/EDS analyses (r = 0.84, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Treatment with NaOCl for 1 hour altered the mineral content of dentin, while EDTA application for 2 minutes had no effect on the elemental composition. The LIBS method proved to be reliable while providing data for the elemental composition of root canal dentin.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.207-216
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• 2024

This study clarified the flow path of Choosan Spring, Nari Basin, Ulleung Island, South Korea. The orientations of faults and fractures developed on the inner edge of the caldera were identified as major factors affecting the flow path. The main flow paths include fracture zones oriented N-S and E-W. The spring also flows in a NE or NNE direction under the influence of the irregular shape of the caldera, which slopes to the NNE. Using Entrobacteriaceae species as tracers, it was found that Nari groundwater flows toward Choosan Yongchulso. However, the small number of water samples used in the analysis limits our understanding of the flow path from Sungin Valley to Nari Basin and Choosan Yongchulso.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.430-442
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• 2009

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between the dietary intake according to calorie intake from a coffee containing beverage and the bone health status of 189 female collegians. The study was conducted through questionnaires, anthropometric checkup, 3-days food records and ultrasound measurement of calcaneus bone mineral density. Subjects were divided into three groups: students not drinking coffee(non-coffee group, N=56), students consuming <100 kcal daily from coffee(low-calorie coffee group, N=84), and students consuming $\geq100$ kcal of their total daily calories from coffee(high- calorie coffee group, N=49). There were no significant differences in weight, height, body mass index, body fat and calcaneus bone mineral density among the three groups. The low-calorie coffee group usually drank black coffee or instant coffee mix, and the high-calorie coffee group habitually drank coffee with milk or sugar syrup. There were no significant differences in the mean daily energy and food intake among the three groups. However, vitamin $B_2$(p<0.05) and calcium (p<0.01) intake in the high-calorie coffee group were higher than in the non-coffee group. Also, mean intake of sugars, fish and shellfishes, milks and beverages in the high-calorie coffee group were also significantly higher than in non coffee group(p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the Korean Dietary Diversity Score(KDDS) among the three groups. The main calcium source was milk in all three groups, and milk intake(total and included with coffee) was highest in the high-calorie coffee group. Although no significant difference was apparent between the high-calorie and non-coffee groups concerning anthropometric factors and calcaneus bone mineral density, consumption of coffee may have influenced food and nutrient intake. The results suggest that consumption of milk-supplemented coffee may be of nutritional benefit.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.44-52
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• 2020

Objective: Minerals are one of the important nutrients for supporting the growth of sheep grazing in the highland, northwest of China. The experiment was conducted to investigate the relationship of both macro and micro minerals in sheep grazing in the highlands of six districts located in the Qilian Mountain of China. Methods: Samples of herbage (n = 240) and soil (n = 240) were collected at random in a "W" shape across the area designated for harvesting from 24 farms, where the sheep commonly graze in October (winter) for mineral analyses. In addition, serum samples were taken via jugular vein from 20 sheep per farm from 24 farms (n = 480 samples in total) for serum minerals analyses. Mean values of macro and micro minerals were statistically compared among districts and the correlations among soil-plant-animal were statistically analyzed and correlations were regressed, as well. Results: The results revealed that there were variations for both macro and micro minerals among districts. Statistical analysis of the correlation coefficients between herbage and sheep were significantly different for most of the minerals but not for P, Cu, and Se. Many correlation regression coefficients were found significantly different among minerals of herbage, soil, and sheep serum especially those of K, Na, Fe, Mn, and Zn (between herbage and sheep serum), and Fe and Mn (between herbage and soil), Na, Fe, Mn, and Zn (between soil and sheep serum), respectively. The regression coefficient equations derived under this experiment for prediction of Ca (R² = 0.618), K (R² = 0.803), Mg (R² = 0.767), Na (R² = 0.670), Fe (R² = 0.865),Zn (R² = 0.950), Mn (R² = 0.936), and Se (R² = 0.630), resulted in significant R² values. Conclusion: It is inferred that the winter herbage minerals in all the districts were below the recommended levels for macro minerals which indicated there would be some mineral deficiencies in sheep grazing the herbage in these regions. Supplemental minerals may therefore play an important role in balancing the minerals available from the herbage in winter and would lead to increased productivity in sheep on the highland areas of China. These findings could be potentially applied to the other regions for improving the livestock productivity.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.99-108
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• 1997

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of applying times of cattle slurry on dry matter yield of Orchardgrass, when cattle slurry applied at rates of 30m3(average mineral nitrogen fertilizer equivalent to 120kg) per ㏊ in different dressing times, such as S1(1st and 2nd growth), S2(1st and 3rd growth), S3(1st and 4th growth), S4(2nd and 3rd growth), S5(2nd and 4th growth) and S6(application for 3rd and 4th growth). The results were as follows. 1. The average annual yields of dry matter were produced 6.36~7.42 ton per ㏊ in 1995~1997 when cattle slurry applied at rates of 30m3(average mineral nitrogen fertilizer equivalent to 120kg) per ㏊ in different dressing times, especially these tendency were shown higher annual dry matter in S4 plot9application for 2nd and 3rd growth). Those were higher 2.48~3.54 tons or 1.22~2.28 tons per ㏊ than the yields from non-fertilizing or phosphrous and potassium fertilizing. 2. Relative yields of annual dry matter in cattle slurry application plots were 164(S2 plot)~191(S4 plot)% in comparing with non-fertilizing plot. 3. Dry matter yields according to cutting frequency were highest at the 2nd cut(1.50 ton) and were in the order 3rd cut(0.95 ton)>4th cut(0.75 ton)>1st cut(0.69 ton/㏊). Also, those of cattle slurry application plot per ㏊ were in the order 2nd cut(2.02~2.73 tons)>3rd cut(1.56~2.08 tons)>4th cut(1.07~1.68 tons)>1st cut(1.11~1.45 tons/㏊). 4. Relative yields of annual dry matter in cattle slurry application plots were 164~219, 161~210, 143~212 and 135~182% at the 3rd, 1st, 4th and 2nd cut, respectively in comparing with non-fertilizing plot. 5. The efficiencies of nitrogen on dry matter yield(kg DM/kg N) were 18.1, 21.3 and 34.5kg DM/kg N when cattle slurry applied to Orchardgrass at rates of 30m3 (average mineral fertilizer equivalent to 120 kg) per ㏊ in 1993, 1994 and 1995, respectively, especially these tendency were shown higher efficiencies in S4 plot(application for 2nd 3rd growth). On the other hand, those of the same level fertilization of mineral nitrogen were 43.8, 19.2 and 13.4 kg DM/kg N in 1993, 1994 and 1995, respectively.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.227-234
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• 2012

In this study, we make simulation of density log using a Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) algorithm to make an analysis on density logging under different borehole environments, since density logging is affected by various borehole conditions like borehole size, density of borehole fluid, thickness and type of casing, and so on. MCNP algorithm has been widely used for simulation of problems of nuclear particle transportation. In the simulation, we consider the specific configuration of a tool (Robertson Geologging Co. Ltd) that Korea institute of geoscience and mineral resources (KIGAM) has used. In order to measure accurate bulk density of a formation, it is essential to make a calibration and correction chart for the tool under considerations. Through numerical simulation, this study makes calibration plot of the density tool in material with several known bulk densities and with boreholes of several different diameters. In order to make correction charts for the density logging, we simulate and analyze measurements of density logging under different borehole conditions by considering borehole size, density of borehole fluid, and presence of casing.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.35-57
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• 1977

Seasenal absorption of inorganic nutrients and dry matter Production were studied with four-year-old ginseng plant. The residuary amounts of the nutrients supplied to ginseng Plantation were decreased with lime elapsed. The decreasing rate was greater in chemical plots than in Yacto Plots. The amounts of manure applied in this current year and growth in dry matter production of ginseng showed no signficant difference. The amounts of mineral nutrients per unit dry matter were proportional to the amounts of supplied with chemical fertilizer in the early period of growing season but with Yacto in the late season of growing. Seasonal changes of nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium contents per unit dry weight in each organ were high in the middle of May. They decreased sharply in the middle of June and then slowly decreased in both leaves and stems but gradually increased in roots. The absorption ratio of nitrogen to Phosphorus (N/P) was high, and that of nitrogen to Potassium (N/K) was few. The amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and Potassium in leaves became lower with increasing the relative light intensity, but in stems, the concentrations were different with the kind of mineral nutrients. The requisite amounts of mineral nutrient of ginseng plant were 8.3∼9.9 kg of nitrogen, 1.2∼1.5 kg of phosphorus, 6.4∼7.9 kg of potassium Per 10 a for five years.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.193-202
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the type and application level of swine manure on herbage productivity, efficiency of nitrogen utilization and environmental pollution by the leaching of nitrogen compounds in mixed grassland. The field experiment was carried out on established grassland sward growing on silt clay loam soil. Main plots were the types of swine manure, such as swine manure fermented with sawdust(SMFWS), swine manure fermented without sawdust(SMF) and swine slurry(SS), and mineral fertilizer(Urea). Subplots were the application levels of swine manure, such as 100, 200 and 400 kgN/ha, The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. Herbage productivity, nutritive value and nitrogen yields were the highest with mineral fertilizer and followed by swine slurry(SS), and the lowest with swine manure fermented with sawdust(SMFS). As compared with dry matter(DM) yield by application of mineral fertilizer(100%), the DM percents of SMFWS, SMFS and SS were 90.6, 80,9 and 76.8%, respectively. 2. Organic matter(OM) contents of the soil were increased by the applications of swine manure. OM contents were the high set with SMFS and the lowest with mineral fertilizer. 3. The amounts of nitrate leaching by types and application levels of swine manure were the highest in the end of Aug. and early of Sep. during the seasons and ranged from 10 to 25ppm.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.1422-1427
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• 2002

Fifteen crossbred cattle bulls of about 22-24 months age (mean body weight ranged from 291.0 to 298.1 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups of 5 animals following randomized block design. Animals in group 1 were fed concentrate mixture containing wheat bran 97%, mineral mixture 2% and salt 1% plus ad libitum chopped green sugarcane tops (SCT) as a roughage source. Animals in group 2 were fed concentrate mixture containing lentil chuni 97%, mineral mixture 2% and salt 1% while group 3 concentrate contained wheat bran 48.5%, lentil chuni 48.5%, mineral mixture 2% and salt 1% plus ad libitum chopped green SCT to meet their maintenance requirements. During metabolism trial period, the mean total intake and digestibility of DM in groups 1, 2 and 3 was $8.09{\pm}0.41$, $8.41{\pm}0.49$ and $7.86{\pm}0.16kg/d$ and 60.24, 63.24 and 65.05%, respectively. The intake of CP (p<0.05) and EE (p<0.01) was significantly higher in group 2 and group 1, respectively as compared to remaining 2 groups, which were comparable. Digestibility of CP and EE was significantly (p<0.01) higher in group 3 and that of CP was comparable with group 2. The intake and digestibility of total carbohydrates, NDF, ADF, Hemi-cellulose and cellulose were similar among 3 groups. The mean body weight changes in group 1, 2 and 3 were 173.4, 253.4 and 203.4 g/d, respectively, which was significantly (p<0.05) higher in group 2. The total nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) intakes were significantly higher in group 2 and group 1, respectively. The total volatile fatty acids, ammonia-N, trichloro-acetic acid precipitable nitrogen (TCA ppt.-N; p<0.05), total-N concentrations and pH were significantly (p<0.01) higher in group 3, however, pH and TCA ppt.-N was comparable with group 2 and 1, respectively. From the results, it may be deduced that the feeding of chopped green SCT supplemented with a concentrate mixture having both wheat bran (48.5%) and lentil chuni (48.5%) has shown a better performance with respect to intake and digestibility of nutrients and growth as well.