• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2003

In this paper, a method for optimal placement of sensors and actuators is presented by using new measures of modal controllability and observability defined in a balanced coordinate system. The proposed new measures are shown to have a great advantage in practical use when they are used as criteria for selecting the locations of sensors and actuators, since the most controllable and observable locations can be obtained to be identical. In addition, they are more accurate than the measures of Hamdan and Nayfeh in that the effects of the eigenvector norm are considered into the magnitude of measures. In simulations, to verify the effectiveness of the proposed measures and optimal placement method, the closed-loop response of a simply supported flexible beam, in which the number and locations of actuators are determined by using the proposed measures and optimal placement method, has been examined and compared with the case of Hamdan and Nayfeh’s measures.

• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.111-111
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• 2001

목적： To evaluate the feasibility of the event-related functional MR study using power grip studying the hand motor system 대상 및 방법： Event-related functional MRI was performed on a 1.5T MR unit in seven norm volunteers (man=7, right-handedness=2, left-handedness=5, mean age： 25 years). A single-shot GRE-EPI sequence (TR/TE/flip angle： 1000ms/40ms/90, FOV = 240 mm matrix= 64$\times$64, slice thickness/gap = 5mm/0mm, 7 true axial slices) was used for functiona MR images. A flow-sensitive conventional gradient echo sequence (TR/TE/flip angl 50ms/4ms/60) was used for high-resolution anatomical images. To minimize the gross hea motion, neck-holders (MJ-200, USA) were used. A series of MR images were obtained in axial planes covering motor areas. To exclude motion-corrupted images, all MR images wer surveyed in a movie procedure and evaluated using the estimation of center of mass of ima signal intensities. Power grip task consisted of the powerful grip of all right fingers and hand movement ta used very fast right finger tapping at a speed of 3 per 1 second. All tasks were visual-guid by LCD projector (SHARP, Japan). Two tasks consisted of 134 phases including 7 activatio and 8 rest periods. Active stimulations were performed during 2 seconds and rest period were 15 seconds and total scan time per one task was 2 min 14 sec. Statistical maps we obtained using cross-correlation method. Reference vector was time-shifted by 4 seconds an Gaussian convolution with a FWHM of 4 seconds was applied to it. The threshold in p val for the activation sites was set to be 0.001. All mapping procedures were peformed usin homemade program an IDL (Research Systems Inc., USA) platform. We evaluated the activation patterns of the motor system of power grip compared to hand movement in t event-related functional MRI.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.39-52
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between lumbar lordotic angle and the power of trunk flexors, extensors in normal adults Methods : 34 normal participants participated in this study. Their lumbar lordotic angle(L1-S1 Cobb's angle and L1-L5 cobb's angle) was measured by x-ray taken on lateral direction, erect cross-arm position. And muscle power of trunk flexors and extensors of each participant measured using Cybex HUMAC NORM. Results : 1. The average of L1-S1 Cobb's angle was $47.21{\pm}8.88^{\circ}$ and the average of L1-L5 Cobb's angle was $36.32{\pm}9.62^{\circ}$(Table IV). 2. The average ratio of trunk flexors/extensors was $6.44{\pm}19.31%$(Table V). The average power of the trunk flexors was $165.18{\pm}55.05$(Newton-Meter/kg), and the power of trunk extensors was $257.18{\pm}85.53$ (Newton-Meter/kg)(Table VI). 3. Lumbar lordotic angle has no relation to the ratio of trunk flexors/extensors(Table VII, Fig. 4). 4. Lumbar lordotic angle has no relation to both the power of the trunk flexors and extensors(Table VIII, Fig. 5, Fig. 6). Conclusions : These results suggest that the lumbar lordotic angle measured by radiograph could not evaluate the power and ratio of trunk flexors, extensors.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.171-183
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• 2016

It is often reported that foreign tourists visiting Korea are not satisfied with dining in a Korean restaurant, and the reason is assumed that most of the Korean restaurants are targeting Koreans and operating in a traditional way; thus, this study suggests the need of a new type of Korean restaurant such as quick service restaurant, where foreign tourists could have Korean food in a more familiar way. It is attempted to examine foreign tourists' visit intention toward Korean quick service restaurant (QSR) applying the model of goal-oriented behavior (MGB). The survey was conducted with foreign tourists and total 275 data was gathered. Structural equation modeling was used for analysis. Among MGB variables, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control had significant effect on desire, while postive and negative anticipated emotions did not had significant effect. Also, involvement showed a significant moderating effect as positive anticipated emotion had much stronger effect on desire in a high involvement group.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.205-212
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing the intention to have stomach cancer screening using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in Korea. Methods : For this population-based study, 1,535 adult respondents (aged 40 to 70 years) were recruited using multi-stratified random sampling and a face-to-face administered questionnaire. This study was based on Ajzen's theory of planned behavior. Intentions were divided into three scenarios for fee payment in the next two years : (1) free of charge, (2) co-payment, and (3) full charge. Multiple linear regression was used to identify the factors influencing the intention to have stomach cancer screening. Results : Perceived behavioral control and attitude toward stomach cancer screening were significant predictors of the intention to have stomach cancer screening. However, subjective norm only influenced the intention to have stomach cancer screening with full charge in the next two years. Conclusions : The results suggest that attitude and perceived behavioral control are likely to contribute toward increasing the intention to have stomach cancer screening. Especially, perceived behavioral control is a good predictor. Because the study subjects were nation wide residents, the study results can be generalized.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.34-42
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• 2010

The DOA(direction of arrival), which is based on parametric and nonparametric estimation algorithm, and adaptive beamforming algorithm for mobile communication environments are researched and analyzed. In parametric estimation algorithm, eigenvalues of the signal component and the noise component are obtained from correlation matrix of received signal by array antenna and power spectrum of the received signal is discriminated from them. Otherwise, in nonparametric estimation algorithm, we minimize a regularized objective function for finding a estimate of the signal energy as a function of angle, using nonquadratic norm which leads to supper resolution and noise suppression. And then, DOA is estimated by the signal and noise spatial steering vector, and adaptive beam-forming pattern is improved by weight vectors obtained from the spatial vector. Therefore, the improved directional estimation algorithm with regularizing sparsity constraints offers super-resolution and noise suppression compared to other algorithms.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.69-84
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• 2018

This study examines antecedents of the intention of compliance with information security policies based on Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior. The study conducted the following: Verification of casual relations between role of management and protection motivation and the antecedents of planned behavior as parameters to determine the effect on the intention of compliance with information security policy, and comparative analysis between the research model and a competition model. The result of the study disclosed that, in the research model, attitude and subjective norm took an intermediary role on management beliefs, response efficacy, response cost, self-efficacy, and compliance intention, and perceived behavior control on management beliefs, self-efficacy and compliance intention.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.141-147
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• 2019

In this paper, a systematic beam splitter design for multi-beam forming is proposed. The objective of this research is to a design beam splitter that splits and focuses scattering microwaves into intense beams in multiple directions. It is difficult to split multi-beam to non-specific directions with theoretical approaches. Therefore, instead of using transformation optics(TO), which is a widely used process for controlling electromagnetic wave propagation, we used a systematic design process called the phase field design method to obtain an optimal topological structure of beam splitter. The objective function is to maximize the norm of electric field of the target areas of each direction. To avoid island structure and obtain the structure in one body, volume constraint is added to the optimization problem by using augmented Lagrangian. Target frequency is set to X-band 10GHz. The optimal beam splitter performed well in multi-beam forming and the transported electric energy of target areas improved. A frequency dependency test was conducted in the X-band to determine effective frequency range.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.240-256
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• 2020

The Biotechnology Support Act has provided a legal basis for promoting the biotechnology field as the highest legal authority in the biosciences since its enactment in 1983, and has contributed to enhancing Korea's biotechnology research and development (R&D) capabilities and to revitalizing bioscience ecosystems by establishing policies for supporting biotechnology, expanding the government research and development, and promoting industrial applications. The revised bill of the Biotechnology Support Act is the law that reflects changes in the technological and social environment and that provides a legal basis for practical support of government policies such as total periodic research support, commercialization empowerment, and creation of an innovative research environment, and it will come into effect in November, 2020 after a six-month grace period. The main contents of the revised bill are 1) increasing status as a general norm in the biotechnology field, 2) establishing data evidence-based policies, 3) inducing biotechnology innovation, and 4) promoting regulatory science, especially research and development. This revision has been reorganized in a timely manner in accordance with the current technological advancements, changes in society and environment, and both quantitative and qualitative growth of the domestic bioscience ecosystems and its competitiveness are expected by systematic supports and promotions of the government during the whole period in terms of research and development (R&D) as well as business and industrialization.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.96-105
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• 2022

The ovary undergoes substantial physiological changes along with estrus phase to mediate negative/positive feedback to the upstream reproductive tissues and to play a role in producing a fertilizable oocyte in the developing follicles. However, the disorder of estrus cycle in female can lead to diseases, such as cystic ovary which is directly associated with decline of overall reproductive performance. In gene expression studies of ovaries, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay has been widely applied. During this assay, although normalization of target genes against reference genes (RGs) has been indispensably conducted, the expression of RGs is also variable in each experimental condition which can result in false conclusion. Because the understanding for stable RG in porcine ovaries was still limited, we attempted to assess the stability of RGs from the pool of ten commonly used RGs (18S, B2M, PPIA, RPL4, SDHA, ACTB, GAPDH, HPRT1, YWHAZ, and TBP) in the porcine ovaries under different estrus phase (follicular and luteal phase) and cystic condition, using stable RG-finding programs (geNorm, Normfinder, and BestKeeper). The significant (p < 0.01) differences in Ct values of RGs in the porcine ovaries under different conditions were identified. In assessing the stability of RGs, three programs comprehensively agreed that TBP and YWHAZ were suitable RGs to study porcine ovaries under different conditions but ACTB and GAPDH were inappropriate RGs in this experimental condition. We hope that these results contribute to plan the experiment design in the field of reproductive physiology in pigs as reference data.