• Title/Summary/Keyword: Milling spindle

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Cutter Runout Elimination in End Milling through Two-Axes PI Force Control (엔드밀 가공에서 2축 절사력 PI 제어를 통한 커터 런아웃 제거에 관한 연구)

  • Noh, Jong-Ho;Hwang, Joon;Liang, Steven Y.;Chung, Eui-Sik
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.83-89
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    • 1999
  • This paper presents the in-process runout compensation methodology to improve the surface quality of circular contouring cut in end milling process. The runout compensation system is based on the manipulation of workpiece position relative to cutter in minimizing the cutting force oscillation at spindle frequency. the basic concept of this approach is realized on a end milling machine whose machining table accommodates a set of orthogonal translators perpendicular to the spindle axis. The system performed that measuring the runout related cutting force component, formulating PI controlling commands, and the manipulating the workpiece position to counteract the variation of chip load during the circular contouring cut. To evaluate the runout compensation system performance, experimental study based on the implementation of two-axes PI force control is presented in the context of cutting force regulation and part surface finish improvement.

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Optimization of Cutting Force for End Milling with the Direction of Cutter Rotation (엔드밀가공에서 커터회전방향에 따른 절삭력의 최적화)

  • Choi, Man Sung
    • Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.79-84
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    • 2017
  • This paper outlines the Taguchi optimization methodology, which is applied to optimize cutting parameters in end milling when machining STS304 with TiAlN coated SKH59 tool under up and down end milling conditions. The end milling parameters evaluated are depth of cut, spindle speed and feed rate. An orthogonal array, signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and analysis of variance (ANOVA) are employed to analyze the effect of these end milling parameters. The Taguchi design is an efficient and effective experimental method in which a response variable can be optimized, given various control and noise factors, using fewer resources than a factorial design. An orthogonal array of $L_9(33)$ was used. The most important input parameter for cutting force, however, is the feed rate, and depending on the cutter rotation direction. Finally, confirmation tests verified that the Taguchi design was successful in optimizing end milling parameters for cutting force.

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A Cylindrical Spindle Displacement Sensor and its Application on High Speed Milling Machine (원통형 주축 변위 센서를 이용한 고속 밀링 가공 상태 감시)

  • Kim, Il-Hae;Jang, Dong-Young
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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    • v.16 no.5
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    • pp.108-114
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    • 2007
  • A new cutting force estimating approach and machining state monitoring examples are presented which uses a cylindrical displacement sensor built into the spindle. To identify the tool-spindle system dynamics with frequency up to 2 kHz, a home-built electro-magnetic exciter is used. The result is used to build an algorithm to extract the dynamic cutting force signal from the spindle error motion; because the built-in spindle sensor signal contains both spindle-tool dynamics and tool-workpiece interactions. This sensor is very sensitive and can measure broadband signal without affecting the system dynamics. The main characteristic is that it is designed so that the measurement is irrelevant to the geometric errors by covering the entire circumferential area between the target and sensor. It is also very simple to be installed. Usually the spindle front cover part is copied and replaced with a new one with this sensor added. It gives valuable information about the operating condition of the spindle at any time. It can be used to monitor cutting force and chatter vibration, to predict roughness and to compensate the form error by overriding spindle speed or feed rate. This approach is particularly useful in monitoring a high speed machining process.

Cutting Performance of a Developed Small-angle Spindle Tool (소형 앵글 스핀들 공구의 절삭성능에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Jin Su;Kim, Yohng Jo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.111-117
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    • 2016
  • The cutting performance of a developed small-angle spindle tool was investigated with Al6061 using a TiAlN coated high-speed steel end mill. Up-cut and down-cut processes in a milling machine were carried out at the range of 1000-4000 rpm for spindle speed and 50-300 mm/min for feed rate. As a result, the highest cutting force in the Fx direction was obtained from the up-cut process when the spindle speed was 1000 rpm and the feed rate was 100 mm/min. In the Fy direction, the highest cutting force appeared in the up-cut process at a feed rate of 250 mm/min at the same spindle speed. Conversely, the lowest cutting force came out in the up-cut process at a spindle speed of 4000 rpm and a feed rate of 50 mm/min. As for surface finish, the finest surface roughness was obtained as Ra 0.7642 um at a spindle speed of 4000 rpm and a feed rate of 50 mm/min. Consequently, given the cutting performance of the developed small-angle spindle tool, we conclude that its use in industrial practice is feasible.

Plunge Milling Force Model using Instantaneous Cutting Force Coefficients

  • Ko Jeong-Hoon
    • International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.8-13
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    • 2006
  • Plunge milling process is used for machining hole and is widely used in aerospace, automobile, and die/mold industries. The cutter is fed in the direction of spindle axis which has the highest structural rigidity. The kinematics of plunge milling differs from the traditional turning and milling in aspect of tool engagement and chip generation. This paper proposes the mechanistic cutting force model for plunge milling. Uncut chip thickness is calculated using the present cutter edge position and the previous cutter edge position. Instantaneous cutting force coefficients, which depend only on instantaneous uncut chip thickness, are derived based on the mechanistic approach. The developed cutting force model is verified through comparison of the predicted and the measured cutting forces.

Simulation of surface profile using accelerometer in high speed end milling (고속 엔드밀 가공시 가속도계를 이용한 표면형상 시뮬레이션)

  • 이기용
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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    • 2000.04a
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    • pp.321-325
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    • 2000
  • To obtain precise surface and high productivity, high speed end milling has been studied recently. Though high speed end milling is explicitly effective for precision surface generation geometrically, tool deflection, chatter vibration and frequency characteristics of end milling system deteriorate the theoretical surface. In this study, simulation algorithm and programming method are suggested to simulate machined surface using acceleration signal in high speed end milling. This simulation is conducted by considering vibrational effect of spindle system which was not considered by other researchers. Between simulated results and experiment results, good agreements were obtained.

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Simulation of Machined Surface Considering Acceleration Signal in High Speed End Milling (고속 엔드밀 가공시 가속도 신호를 고려한 가공표면의 시뮬레이션)

  • Lee, Gi-Yong;Gang, Myeong-Chang;Lee, Deuk-U;Kim, Jeong-Seok
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.228-234
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    • 2001
  • To obtain precise machined surface and high productivity in machining, high speed end milling has beed studied recently. Though high speed end milling is explicitly effective for precision surface generation geometrically, tool deflection, chatter vibration and frequency characteristics of end milling system deteriorate the theoretical surface. In this study, simulation algorithm and programming method are suggested to simulate machined surface using acceleration signal in high speed end milling. This simulation is conducted by considering vibrational effect of spindle system which was not considered by other investigators. Good agreements were obtained between simulated results and experimental results.

Investigation of Surface Roughness Characteristics according to Tool Runout Variations in Side Milling Cutter for Worm Screw (사이드 밀링 커터를 이용한 워엄 스크루 가공에서 공구 런아웃이 표면조도에 미치는 영향분석)

  • Kim, Sun Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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    • v.8 no.4
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    • pp.76-82
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    • 2009
  • A worm screw is widely used in a geared motor unit for motion conversion from rotation to linear motion. For mass production of a high quality worm, the current roll forming process is substituted with the milling cutter process. Since the milling cutter process enables the integration of all machining operations of worm manufacturing on a CNC(Computer Numerical Control) lathe, productivity can be remarkably improved. The tooling system for side milling cutter on the CNC lathe to improve machinability is developed. However, the runout of spindle and cutting tips are important factors to be considered for producing high quality worms because the tooling system has multiple tips. In this study, surface roughness variations accuracy according to runout was investigated in side milling cutter for worm screw. The result shows by simulation and experiment.

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Presumption for Mutual Relation of the End-Milling Condition on Surface Roughness of Al Alloy by Regression Analysis (회귀분석을 이용한 Al 합금의 표면거칠기에 미치는 엔드밀 가공조건의 상관관계 추정)

  • 이상재;배효준;박흥식;전태옥
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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    • v.12 no.5
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    • pp.46-52
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    • 2003
  • End-milling have been used widely in industrial system because it is effective to a material manufacturing with various shape. Recently the end-milling processing is needed the high-precise technique with good surface roughness and rapid time in precision machine part and electronic part. The optimum surface roughness has an effect on end-milling condition such as, cutting direction spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut, etc. Therefore this study was carried out to presume for mutual relation of end-milling condition to get the optimum surface roughness by regression analysis. The results shown that coefficient of determination($\textrm{R}^2$) of regression equation has a fine reliability of 87.5% and regression equation of surface rough is made by regression analysis.