• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1194-1197
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• 2005

Micro nozzle is employed as a dynamic passive valve in micro fluidic devices. Micro nozzle array is used in micro droplet generation in bio-medical applications and propulsion device for actuating satellite and aerospace ship in vacuum environments. Aperture angle and the channel length of the micro nozzle affect its retification efficiency, and thus it is needed to produce micro nozzle precisely. MEMS process has a limit on making a micro nozzle with high-aspect ratio. Reactive ion etching process can make high-aspect ratio structure, but it is difficult to make the complex shape. Focused ion beam deposition has advantage in machining of three-dimensional complex structures of sub-micron size. Moreover, it is possible to monitor machining process and to correct defected part at simultaneously. In this study, focused ion beam deposition was applied to micro nozzle production.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2020

In the air current pulverizing type grinding method, the blade wings fitted inside a casing are rotated at a high speed to generate a cornering air current, which facilitates the collision of materials with one another, leading to the pulverizing phenomenon. In contrast to mechanical grinding, grit pulverizing leads to fine grinding and less acid waste and degeneration of the material. Moreover, this approach prevents the loss of nutritional value, while allowing the milling grain to have an excellent texture. However, the existing air current pulverizing type machines consist of prefabricated blades, which cannot be rotated at a speed higher than 5,000 rpm. Consequently, the grinding process becomes time consuming with a low productivity. To overcome these problems, in this study, the shape and structure of the air current pulverizing type wings were optimized to allow rapid grinding at more than 8,000 rpm. Moreover, the optimal design for the ripening parts for the air current pulverizing type device was determined by performing a computational fluid dynamics analysis based on airflow analyses to produce machinery that can grinding materials to the order of micrometers.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.3-6
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• 2008

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is one of the most widespread nonconventional machining processes. Recently, a low-power micro-EDM process was introduced using a cylindrical electrode. Since its development, micro-EDM has been applied effectively to micromachining, and because the device setup for this process is simple, it is suitable for a microfactory that minimizes machines to fabricate small products economically in one system. In the EDM process, however, the electrode is also removed along with the workpiece. Therefore, the electrode shape and length vary as machining progresses. In this paper, a control method using a high speed realtime voltage measurement is proposed to regulate the rate and amount of material removed. The proposed method is based on the assumption that the volume of the workpiece removed in a single discharge pulses is nearly constant. The discharge pulses are monitored and controlled to regulate the amount of material removed. For this purpose, we developed an algorithm and apparatus for counting the number of discharge pulses. Electrode wear compensation using pulse number information was applied to EDM milling in a microfactory, in which a slight tilt of the workpiece may occur. The proposed control method improves the machining quality and efficiency by eliminating the inaccuracies caused by electrode wear and workpiece tilt.

• 한국초전도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국초전도학회 2000년도 High Temperature Superconductivity Vol.X
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• pp.179-183
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• 2000

For a ground plane in high-temperature superconducting ramp-edge junction devices, YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-{\delta}}$/SrTiO$_3$/YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-{\delta}}$ multilayer structures were fabricated using pulsed laser deposition and ECR ion milling. Various process parameters were adjusted to enhance the device characteristics. By etching the STO layer to form a tapered edge of about 15$^{\circ}$ and in-situ RF plasma treatment of bottom YBCO surface prior to deposition of top YBCO, the top-to-bottom YBCO showed T$_c$ of 75${\sim}$80 K and I$_c$ of about 40 mA through holes. It was found that the deposition of bottom YBCO at a reduced laser repetition rate of 1Hz increased the T$_c$ of top YBCO to 79.9 K. The resistivity of 570 layer was about 10$^6$ ${\Omega}$cm at 60 K, which ensures good electrical isolation between successive YBCO layers.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.100-107
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• 2020

As demand for high value-added products with hard materials increases, the line center is used for producing high value-added products in many industries such as aerospace, automobile fields. The line center is a key device for smart factory automation that can improve the production efficiency and the productivity. Therefore, the development of a mill-turn line center is necessary to produce high value-added products with complex shapes flexibly. In the mill-turn process, a milling process and a turning process are combined. In particular, the turning process needs to increase the rigidity of the spindle. The purpose of this study is to analyze the thermal-structural stability through thermo-structural coupled analysis for a mill-turn spindle with a curvic coupling. The maximum temperature and thermal stability of the spindle were analyzed by thermal distribution. In addition, the thermal deformation and thermal-structural stability of the spindle were analyzed through thermo-structural coupled analysis.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2023

Owing to the rapid climate change, a high-performance energy storage system (ESS) for efficient energy consumption has been receiving considerable attention. ESS, such as capacitors, usually has issues with the ion diffusion of electrode materials, resulting in a decrease in their capacitance. Notably, appropriate pore diameter and large specific surface area (SSA) may result in an effective ion diffusion. Therefore, graphene and multi-walled carbon nanotube (graphene@MWCNT) hybrid nanomaterials, with covalent bonds between the graphene and MWCNT, were prepared via an edge-chemistry reaction. The properties of these materials, such as high porosity, large SSA, and high electroconductivity, make them suitable to be used as electrode materials for capacitors. The optimal ratio of graphene to MWCNT can affect the electrochemical performance of the electrode material based on its physical and electrochemical properties. The supercapacitor using optimal graphene-based hybrid electrode material exhibited highest specific capacitance value as 158 F/g and excellent cycle stability.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.502-508
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• 2023

With the increasing demand for electronic products, the amount of multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) waste has also increased. Recycling technology has recently gained attention because it can simultaneously address raw material supply and waste disposal issues. However, research on recovering valuable metals from MLCCs and converting the recovered metals into high-value-added materials remains insufficient. Herein, we describe an electrospinning (E-spinning) process to recover nickel from MLCCs and modulate the morphology of the recovered nickel oxide particles. The nickel oxalate powder was recovered using organic acid leaching and precipitation. Nickel oxide nanoparticles were prepared via heat treatment and ultrasonic milling. A mixture of nickel oxide particles and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used as the E-spinning solution. A PVP/NiO nanowire composite was fabricated via E-spinning, and a nickel oxide nanowire with a network structure was manufactured through calcination. The nanowire diameters and morphologies are discussed based on the nickel oxide content in the E-spinning solution.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2015

고감도 바이오센서용 거대자기저항-스핀밸브(Giant magnetoresistance-spin valve; GMR-SV) 박막소자의 미세패턴 공정으로 인한 교환결합력과 보자력 약화 문제를 해결하고자 전자사이크로트론 공명(Electron Cyclotron Resonance) Ar-이온 밀링을 이용하여 GMR-SV 박막에 지름 $35{\mu}m$인 원형 모양의 홀(Hole)을 패턴닝 하였다. GMR-SV를 4-단자법으로 측정한 자기저항 곡선으로부터 홀 개수가 많아질수록 자기저항비와 자장감응도는 홀이 없을 때 측정된 초기값과 같은 값을 유지하였고, 교환결합세기와 보자력은 120 Oe에서 190 Oe, 10 Oe에서 41 Oe로 크게 향상되었다. 이러한 현상은 GMR-SV 박막내의 자화용이축과 같은 방향을 띄고 센싱 전류의 방향과 수직인 공간에 위치하는 용이 자구영역(Easy magnetic domain; EMD)의 역할에 기인하는 결과를 보여주었다. GMR-SV 바이오 소자 제작시 폭을 넓게 하고 소자내부에 홀의 개수를 증가시켜 발생하는 EMD 효과가 자기저항특성을 향상시킬 수 있었다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.120-132
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• 1998

This stusy was to investigate the marginal fitness of porcelain-fused-to- metal crown after succesive firing cycle. Main variables were the degree of marginal curvature of labiocervical margin and the type of alloy. The exaggerated marginal curvature(EMC) was created by additional reduction at the faciocervical wall of the normallized marginal curvature (NMC)-typed ivorine tooth by using milling machine. The difference in the shape was the mid facial margin was placed 2mm apical to cemento- enamel junction in labial surface. Three types of alloy were high noble, noble, and base metal alloy. Test specimens were divided into 8 groups and each group had 8 specimens. Sixty four ceramometal crowns were made totally. Measurement stages were following degassing, opaquing. body porcelain firing, and glazing, and measuring sites were 4. (midmesial, midfacial, middistal, and midlingual). Digital, travelling measuring microscope (0.5 um precision, Olympus. Japan) was used under ${\times}250$ magnification. Within the limitation of this investigation, it was concluded as belows: 1. The pattern of marginal distortion was varied. Degassing stage was not a specific, causative stage that induce most of total marginal distortion during whole procedure fabricating a ceramometal crown. Body firing stage induced discrepancy relatively more than other firing stages. 2. The specimens that were Ni-based alloy and had EMC were distorted persistently following successive fabricating procedures. But marginal openings were decreased after glazing. 3. The release of metal grinding-induced stress was presumed as a cause that induce marginal distortion. 4. The amount of discrepancies of the labial and lingual margins were greater than that of the mesial and distal margin in the specimen that had EMC. 5. Silver-plated die was not enough to resist abrasion during repeated seating of metal copings on the die-holding device.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.39-43
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• 2012

점대점 통신용의 60GHz 대역 무선 송수신기를 NRD(Non-Radiative Dielectric) 도파관 구조로 제작하였다. NRD 도파관을 구성하는 유전체 선로의 경우 재질이 무르기 때문에 정밀 가공이 쉽지 않고, 또 온도에 따른 수축팽창이 심해 공진 특성이 중요한 소자에 사용하기에 는 적합하지 않았다. 또한 NRD 도파관 구조로 증폭모듈을 구성하는 것이 어려웠는데, 본 논문에서는 위에서 언급된 문제를 극복 하고자 다음과 같은 방법으로 송수신기를 제작하였다. 기본적으로 NRD 도파관 구조를 유지하되, 공진특성이 중요하지 않은 소자들은 NRD 도파관 하이브리드 IC로, 공진특성이 중요한 소자들은 도파관으로 제작하고, 증폭기는 MMIC를 패키징하여 모듈화한 후에 NRD 도파관 내에 장착되도록 하였다. 제작된 송수신기는 FDD(Frequency Division Multiplexing) 방식으로 통신하며, 10dBm의 송신출력과 -60dBm의 최소 수신감도를 갖고 있다.