• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.223-229
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• 2003

Annual radiation dose of residential individuals near 4 nuclear power plants in Korea was calculated via K-DOSE 60 based on the updated ICRP-60. The critical exposure variables were chosen as radionuclides, exposed organs and intake pathways. From the calculation results, the critical nuclides were found to be $^3$H, $^{133}$ Xe, $^{60}$ Co for Kori plants and $^{14}$ C, $^{41}$ Ar for Wolsung plants. The most critical pathway was 'vegetable intake' for adults and 'milk intake' for infants. However, there was no preference in the effective organs. Sensitivity analyses showed that the chemical composition in a nuclide much more influenced upon the radiation dose than any other input parameters such as food intake, radiation discharge, and transfer/concentration coefficients by more than 10$^2$ factor. The effect of transfer/concentration coefficients on the radiation dose was negligible. All input parameters showed highly estimated correlation with the radiation dose, approxinated to 1.0.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.137-142
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• 1995

Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease of large and small ruminants, causing losses through mortality, abortion, weight loss and reduced milk production. In one dairy farm, for example, 250 of a total of 800 imported goats were diagnosed with a mysterious type of anemia during the summer and autumn of 1992. The etiologic agent was identified as Anaplasma spp by acridine orange and ultrastructure by electron microscopy. In order to monitor variations in blood biochemical and hematological parameters associated with the disease, blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture from 50 goats at 3 month intervals between the period of February and October, 1993. The levels of RBCs, HB and HCT decreased from $18.48{\pm}1.96$ to $13.47{\pm}2.48X10^6/mm^3$, $12.25{\pm}1.41$ to $9.54{\pm}1.77g/dl$, and $43.09{\pm}4.75$ to $30.93{\pm}5.78%$, respectively. The values of MCH(Mean corpuscular hemoglobin), MCHC(Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) and PLT(Platelet) were elevated from $6.58{\pm}0.30$ to $7.05{\pm}0.47pg$, $28.40{\pm}1.20$ to $30.82{\pm}1.85g/dl$ and $1688.34{\pm}750$ to $2046.82{\pm}783X10^3/mm^3$, respectively. Percent parasitized erythrocytes(PPE) increased from $0.61{\pm}0.5$ to $2.22{\pm}1.9%$, clinical biochemical parameters aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were $66.64{\pm}23.1K.U$ and $14.90{\pm}6.59K.U$, respectively and persisted at high levels throughout the observation period. The level of albumin(2.46)0.52 g/dl) was decreased corresponding to an elevated globulin and a reduced albumin/globulin ratio in October as compared with the values in February. It is concluded that caprine anaplasmosis may be an important cause of anemia and hepatic malfunction in goats.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 1998

Purpose: To make objective standards of small intestinal mucosal changes in cow's milk-sensitive enteropathy (CMSE) we analyzed histological changes of endoscopic duodenal mucosa biopsy specimens from normal children and patients of CMSE. Methods: We review the medical records of patients who had been admitted and diagnosed as CMSE by means of gastrofiberscopic duodenal mucosal biopsy following cow's milk challenge and withdrawal. Thirteen babies with CMSE, ranging from 14 days to 56 days of age, were studied. Five non-CMSE patients were used as control, ranging from 22 days to 72 days of age. The morphometric parameters under study were villous height, crypt zone depth, ratio of villous height to crypt zone depth, total mucosal thickness and length of surface epithelium by using H & E stained specimens under the drawing apparatus attached microscope. In addition, the numbers of lymphocytes in the epithelium and eosinophil cells in the lamina propria and epithelium were measured. Results: In the duodenal mucosal biopsy specimens in CMSE we found partial and subtotal villous atrophy with an increased number of interepithelial lymphocytes. The mean villous height($135{\pm}59\;{\mu}m$), ratio of villous height to crypt zone depth ($0.46{\pm}0.28$), total mucosal thickness ($499{\pm}56\;{\mu}m$), length of surface epithelium of small intestinal mucosa ($889{\pm}231\;{\mu}m$) in CMSE was significantly decreased compared with the control (p<0.05). The mean crypt zone depth ($311{\pm}65\;{\mu}m$) was significantly greater than the control ($188{\pm}24\;{\mu}m$)(p<0.05). Infiltration of interepithelial lymphocytes ($34.1{\pm}10.5$) were significantly greater than the control ($13.6{\pm}3.6$)(p<0.05). The number of eosinophil cells in both lamina propria and epithelium was no significant differences between groups (p>0.05). The small intestinal mucosa in treated CMSE showed much improved enteropathy of villous height, crypt zone depth, interepithelial lymphocytes compared with the control as well as untreated CMSE. Conclusion: Quantitation of mucosal dimensions confirmed the presence of CMSE. It seems to be a limitation in the capacity of crypt cells to compensate for the loss of villous epithelium in CMSE. Specimens obtained by gastrofiberscopic duodenal mucosal biopsy were suitable for morphometric diagnosis of CMSE. Improvement of CMSE also can be confirmed histologically after the therapy of protein hydrolysate.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.733-736
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• 1992

Different parameters of subclinical mastitis were compared in 327 cattle and 493 buffaloes and the effect of immunopotentiating agents on subclinical mastitis in these animals was studied. Subclinical mastitis was detected in 8.2 percent buffalo and 24.0 percent cow quarter by modified whiteside test (MWT). In both the species there was decrease in lactose contents with increase in the degree of MWT reactivity i.e. $4.8{\pm}1.14$ to $2.31{\pm}0.82$ in cattle and $5.01{\pm}1.47$ to $2.36{\pm}1.02$ in buffaloes. While the chloride contents of the milk increased with increase in the MWT reactivity i.e. $0.19{\pm}0.4$ to $0.30{\pm}0.06$ in cattle and $0.20{\pm}0.04$ to $0.31{\pm}0.13$ in buffaloes. Micro-organisms belonging to Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Bacillus, Streptococcus, Enterobacteria, Corynebacterium groups and yeasts were isolated from subclinical mastitis cases. Vitamin E and Levamisole cured 64.5 and 60.0 percent cases of subclinical mastitis in buffaloes but only 32.0 and 24.0 percent cases in cattle. Cure was not affected by the degree of MWT and the type of organisms involved.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.323-331
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• 2020

Objective: The present work was undertaken to determine the possibility of using xanthan and guar gums as stabilizers to enhance the yogurt quality. Methods: Yogurt was manufactured from standardized milk (3.5% fat, 8.5% solid-not-fat contents) with the addition of 2% to 3% starter culture. Enzyme-hydrolyzed xanthan gum (0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%) and guar gum (0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%) were added to the yogurt as stabilizers. Prepared yogurt samples were kept at refrigeration temperature (4℃±2℃) for 21 days and various quality and sensory parameters were studied at regular intervals (7 days). Results: Results showed that yogurt with 0.5% xanthan gum (T5) was best in terms of preventing syneresis and improving the viscosity, water holding capacity and texture of the product. Additionally, adding gums did not adversely affect the sensorial attributes of the product. Conclusion: Modified gums were found useful in augmenting yogurt quality and therefore addition of gums is highly recommended for manufacturing yogurt.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.231-238
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• 2005

A standard $1\%$ w/v solution of CM-chitosan made from squid pen was added to milk at levels of $0.5\sim3\%$ (v/v) to improve the yield and rheological properties of cottage cheese by whey protein retention. Cheese curd did not form at levels higher than $3\%$ (v/v) CM-chitosan standard solution. Yield and total protein of cottage cheese increased up to $2\%\;by\;11\;to\;42\%\;and\;17\;to\;38\%$ respectively, compared to control cheese. Whey protein losses were decreased by 11 to $42\%$ and thus accounted for all of the increase in yield. Anomalous results were obtained at the $0.8\%$ level, which neither improved yield or whey protein retention nor stabilized rheological parameters, and at the $0.5\%$ level, which improved yield and total protein without increasing whey protein retention. Elasticity and cohesiveness of CM-chitosan-containing cheese were generally improved and stabilized during storage. Monitoring of cheese chromaticity values for four weeks revealed a delay in the onset of yellowing in cheeses with CM-chitosan compared to the controls, while the concentration of added CM-chitosan had little influence on cheese chromaticity. The addition of CM-chitosan solution could be applied directly to industrial scale cottage cheese-making without the need for any modification of the production process.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.507-521
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the eating patterns, nutrient intakes, blood levels, and health status of male college students in Seoul according to body mass index (BMI). In this study, we classified subjects into normal weight (n=240), under weight (n=11), and obese (n=46) groups according to BMI. The weight and BMI were significantly higher in the obese group compared to other groups (p<0.0001). The obesity was associated with overeating and frequent eating. The under weight group showed significantly higher consumption of fast food, snacks, and fried foods compared to the other groups (p<0.05). The intakes of milk, meat, fish, eggs, and fried food and preference ratios were higher in the obese group (p<0.05). The male college students in this study showed insufficient intakes of calories, vitamin C, folic acid, and calcium. The plasma LDL-cholesterol levels in the obese group were higher compared to the other groups. In conclusion, intake of nutrients among male college students is found to be insufficient and requires nutritional education. The under weight group showed regular eating habits and increased nutrient intake. The obese group was shown to need more exercise with higher intakes of vegetables and fruits.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.66-75
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• 1993

Dental abrasive, dicalcium phosphate dehydrate (DCPD) was prepared and the several important factors affecting on the quality of toothpaste were investigated by means of set test, glycerine absorption, Coulter counter test, color difference, BET adsorption, mercury porosimetery, and rheogram comparing with two foreign DCPDs, MFO4 and Dentphos K. Sample DCPD was prepared by reaction between 85% H$_{3}$PO$_{4}$ and 15% milk of lime at $39^{\circ}C$ (pH6.5), and stabilized with TSPP and TMP. The physicochemical properties of Sample DCPD were obtained as follows: whiteness (98.99), average particle size (15.5 $\mu\textrm{m}$), pH (7.9), remainder particle weight (0.49w/w%), glycerine absorption value (64 ml), and set test (passed). N$_{2}$ adsorption curves (BET) of three kinds of DCPD showed non-porous type III isotherm. BET adsorption parameters of sample DCPD showed that surface area was 24.9 m$^{2}$/g, total pore volume 0.09 cm$^{3}$/g and average pore radius 72.0 $\AA$. The rheogram of the toothpaste containing each DCPD showed bulged plastic flow with yield vlaue and thixotropic behavior. These results meet standard requirements as abrasive standard, and suggested that synthesized sample DCPD could be used a dental abrasive such as a high quality grade in practice as foreign DCPDs.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.123-132
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• 2021

Radiological impact analyses were carried out for a near-surface radioactive waste repository at Gyeongju in South Korea. The RESRAD-ONSITE code was applied for the estimation of maximum exposure doses by considering various exposure pathways based on a land area of 2,500 ㎡ with a 0.15 m thick contamination zone. Typical influencing input parameters such as shield depth, shield materials' density, and shield erosion rate were examined for a sensitivity analysis. Then both residential farmer and industrial worker scenarios were used for the estimation of maximum exposure doses depending on exposure duration. The radiation dose evaluation results showed that 60Co, 137Cs, and 63Ni were major contributors to the total exposure dose compared with other radionuclides. Furthermore, the total exposure dose from ingestion (plant, meat, and milk) of the contaminated plants was more significant than those assessed for inhalation, with maximum values of 5.5×10-4 mSv·yr-1 for the plant ingestion. Thus the results of this study can be applied for determining near-surface radioactive waste repository conditions and providing quantitative analysis methods using RESRAD-ONSITE code for the safety assessment of disposing radioactive materials including decommissioning wastes to protect human health and the environment.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.225-238
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• 2024

3D printing technology enables the production of creative and personalized food products that meet consumer needs, such as an attractive visual appearance, fortification of specific nutrients, and modified textures. To popularize and diversify 3D-printed foods, an evaluation of the printing feasibility of various food pastes, including materials that cannot be printed natively, is necessary. Most animal resources, such as meat, milk, and eggs, are not inherently printable; therefore, the rheological properties governing printability should be improved through pre-/post-processing or adding appropriate additives. This review provides the latest progress in extrusion-based 3D printing of animal resource-based inks. In addition, this review discusses the effects of ink composition, printing conditions, and post-processing on the printing performance and characteristics of printed constructs. Further research is required to enhance the sensory quality and nutritional and textural properties of animal resource-based printed foods.