• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.93-98
• /
• 2013

For purposes of substantiation of organizing measures on industrial processing of goat's and sheep's milk in Mongolia and the production of dairy products we have conducted the studied physico-chemical characteristics of the Mongolian goat's and sheep's milks especially to recognize amino acids, minerals and vitamins in the milk and compare with the Mongolian cow's milk. And also was studied fractional structure of goat's milk whey proteins.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.91-97
• /
• 1974

This paper was developed for production of the humanized milk, comprising similarly to the composition and characteristic of human milk. Humanized milk of superior quality can be made directly from the fresh raw milk mixed vegetable oil, corn syrup, whey powder, ${\beta}-lactose$, sugar, vitamin, ${\beta}-carotene$ and minerals showing formulation of the humanized milk at table 2. The improving effects of adding vegetable oil and corn syrup are both more reformed the chemical and physical properties of humanized milk. The former enhanced the essential fatty acid and energy source in this product, the latter has the most solving function in water and induced amount of emulsion and stabilizer. The products contain about 13% protein, 23% fat, 58.3% carbohydrate, 2% ash and ensue reasonably balance of essential amino acid, poly-unsaturated fatty acid for the requirement of infants and controlled component of the humanized milk such as human milk.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제27권6호
• /
• pp.886-897
• /
• 2014

The aim of the present study was to get a total physical and chemical characterization and comparison of the principal components in Bangladeshi buffalo (B), Holstein cross (HX), Indigenous cattle (IC) and Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC) milk. Protein and casein (CN) composition and type, casein micellar size (CMS), naturally occurring peptides, free amino acids, fat, milk fat globule size (MFGS), fatty acid composition, carbohydrates, total and individual minerals were analyzed. These components are related to technological and nutritional properties of milk. Consequently, they are important for the dairy industry and in the animal feeding and breeding strategies. Considerable variation in most of the principal components of milk were observed among the animals. The milk of RCC and IC contained higher protein, CN, ${\beta}$-CN, whey protein, lactose, total mineral and P. They were more or less similar in most of the all other components. The B milk was found higher in CN number, in the content of ${\alpha}_{s2}-$, ${\kappa}$-CN and ${\beta}$-lactalbumin, free amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, Ca and Ca:P. The B milk was also lower in ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin content and had the largest CMS and MFGS. Proportion of CN to whey protein was lower in HX milk and this milk was found higher in ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin and naturally occuring peptides. Considering the results obtained including the ratio of ${\alpha}_{s1}-$, ${\alpha}_{s2}-$, ${\beta}$- and ${\kappa}$-CN, B and RCC milk showed best data both from nutritional and technological aspects.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.63-70
• /
• 2003

In this experiment, the curd was made from soybean and cow's milk in the ratio of 7 to 3, and coagulated with Glucono-delta-lacton(GDL) and $CaSO_4&.$2H_{2}O& in the 1:1 ratio. During the procedure, the mulberry leaf powder was added. The amount of the added powder varied from 0.1 % to 0.5 %. This experiment aimed to show the change of yield, general components, minerals, amino acid, changes of pH, sensory properties of these products. As mulberry leaf powder addition increased, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash content, minerals and amino acids increased. Whereas moisture content decreased, and in particular,$Ca^{++}$, $K^+$ and $Na^+$ increased. On the other hand, in the sensory properties, the levels of satisfaction about the color, appearance, flavor, texture and savory were lower in mulberry leaf powder added than under control.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.173-180
• /
• 2016

In many countries, goat milk is an excellent nutrient source and is less allergenic for children and the elderly. The casein composition of goat milk consists largely of ${\beta}$-casein and lower amounts of ${\alpha}_{s1}$-casein, which may interfere with digestion by forming solid curds in the human stomach. Goat milk contains small fat globules and large amounts of medium chain fatty acids for, better digestibility, as well as abundant minerals and vitamins with high absorption rates. Recently, the medical benefits of goat milk in different human disorders have been recognized, leading to an increased interest in developing functional foods with goat milk, particularly for individuals with malabsorption syndrome. However, the physiological and biochemical properties of goat milk are largely unknown. We review the importance of goat milk as a potential functional food by providing scientific evidence confirming its health benefits.

• 한국조리학회지
• /
• 제22권8호
• /
• pp.219-225
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 멸균 방법 중 하나인 수력학적 공동현상을 이용한 살균처리로 인한 우유의 비타민, 무기질 및 지방 함량에 대한 영향을 조사하고자 한다. 비타민(vitamin A, vitamin $B_2$),무기질(Ca, P, Mg, Zn) 및 조지방 함량을 식품의약품안전처의 축산물 가공기준 및 성분규격 실험법에 따라 측정하였다. Vitamin A는 처리 후 약 23% 감소하였고, vitamin $B_2$는 약 19% 감소하였다. 무기질의 경우, 처리 전후의 함량 차이가 거의 보이지 않았다. 또한 P는 2 mg/100g, Mg은 0.1 mg/100g의 함량 차이를 보였다. 우유의 조지방 함량은 처리 전 3.46%, 처리 후 3.41%로 차이가 거의 나타나지 않았다. 수력학적 공동현상 처리 시 우유의 비타민과 무기질 함량을 변화시키지 않아 기존 살균 방법을 대체할 수 있는 가능성을 보여주었다. 따라서 기존 가열 살균처리 시 발생하는 이화학적 특성 및 품질의 변화를 강조하고, 우수한 품질의 우유를 공급하기 위하여 수력학적 공동현상 살균처리에 대한 명확하고 체계적인 연구가 더 이루어져야할 것으로 보인다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.368-374
• /
• 2006

We have studied on characterization and cheese making like mineral contents, protein composition and coagulation pattern on equine milk. At first, for contents of mineral on equine milk, It was lower in equine than bovine milk Contents of Na, Mg, P, Ca and K the major minerals, were indicated as 18.3 mg, 0.4 mg, 33.3 mg, 80.9 mg and 134.9 mg respectively by 100 g. In the distribution of nitrogen, the ratio NPN to Nt was indicated as 9.8% while that of bovine milk was 7%. And In NCN, its percentage was indicated as 45.6% shelving that Equine casein was lower than bovine. From these results, equine milk could not be applicable to cheese production since there are no coagulable nitrogen fraction such as ${\kappa}$-casein, as there aye with bovine milk. Equine milk will be more acceptable if we accept that the phylogenic affinity is near to human. It is the same as equine from the view points that monogastric, which did not contain ruminant's casein. For the rennet coagulation, equine milk was different than bovine milk. Equine milk did not coagulated by rennet after the addition of $Ca^{2+}$. But when bovine ${\kappa}$-casein was added in the presece of rennet, and $Ca^{2+}$ to equine milk, coagulation occurred. Such phenomenon was also observed by the use SEM. Verification of ${\kappa}$-casein by SDS-PACE did not existed in equine milk. The Casein of equine milk(54.4%) is similar to human milk in that casein/whey is about 1. For equine milt this can be explained because distance between casein and Ca is great, casein being lower, which result in reaction of casein with $Ca^{2+}$ because it could not activated which lasting time of coagulation is too long.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.301-301
• /
• 2022

Dairy products are important diet source for human because of their balanced essential nutrients along with various vitamins and minerals. However, lactose in milk can result in diarrhea to some consumers with lactose intolerance. Soy milk has no lactose and is suitable as a substitute for diary milk in accordance with recent trend of replacing animal food with vegetable food. However, polysaccharides in soy milks are difficult for humans to digest, leading to flatulence. These polysaccharides can be decomposed into monosaccharides by lactic acid bacteria, and fermentation can improve food quality. Because mungbean has higher carbohydrate content than soybean, mung milk can be easily fermented than soy milk, resulting in vege yogurt with higher contents of lactic acid. In this study, fermentation characteristics of vege yogurt were analyzed with different ratio of soy milk and mung milk (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% and 0%+sucrose) and different fermentation time (0, 8, and 16 hours). In general, pH decreased as fermentation time increased. Overall, pH significantly decreased when the mung milk content in yogurt increased. All samples showed higher titratable acidity after fermentation and soy yogurt (mungbean 0%, 16 hours) with sucrose showed the highest value (6.825%). As fermentation time increase, viscosity increased. In 8 and 16 hours, mung milk yogurt (mungbean 100%) showed the lowest viscosity while soy milk yogurt (soybean 100%) with no sucrose showed the highest viscosity after 16 hours of fermentation. The contents of crude protein, crude fat and ash were measured for nutritional analysis. Soy milk (mungbean 0%, 0 hours) had the values of crude protein 2.9g, crude fat 1.8g, and ash 0.3g, and mung milk (mungbean 100%, 0 hours), showed the values of crude protein 1.7g, crude fat 0g, and ash 0.3g. To analyze the effect of the differences in the contents of nutrition between soy milk and mung milk on fermentation, the changes in sugar contents, and antioxidant capacity will be conducted depending on fermentation time. Our results will provide the information in researching plant beverages.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.223-229
• /
• 2015

Milk is a food with high nutritional value as it contains abundant water, proteins, vitamins, lactose, fat, minerals, enzymes, etc. However, in order to make milk suitable for intake, it should be thermally treated to eliminate microbiologically hazardous factors. Heat treatment is an essential sanitation process for milk, but various precautions must be taken in order to process and preserve it. Therefore, various techniques should be developed to minimize the nutrient loss and to ensure that milk is safe for consumption, conservation, and distribution. However, the existing thermal pasteurization methods are harmful and increase the nutrient loss; moreover, no new thermal pasteurization methods are being researched that are safe for the human health and minimize the nutrient loss. Hence, this study aims to review new processes for thermal (low temperatures) and no thermal pasteurization methods that can minimize the nutrient loss during milk pasteurization.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.276-282
• /
• 1982

초고온 살균(UHT) 처리와 이에 따른 저장이 우유의 영양가에 미치는 효과에 대하여 토론되었다. 초고온 처리된 우유는 재래의 멸균우유와 비교해 상당히 적은 열 부담을 받는다. 일반적으로 초고온 살균처리 공정중에는 단백질, 지방, 유당, 지용성 비타민과 무기물들의 영양가들은 거의 영향을 받지 않는다. 작은 정도의 수용성 비타민들과 약간의 단백질의 영양가치가 저장중에 손실된다. 우유의 향미와 영양가를 최대한으로 유지하기 위해서는 초고온 살균우유는 냉장온도에 저장되어야 한다고 권장되고 있다.