• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.139-142
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• 2012

Purpose: To reconstruct the midface, local flaps such as nasolabial flaps have been frequently used. These local flaps, however, have the shortcomings of requiring a secondary operation or limitations in the movement of the flap. Thus, new methods have been developed. This paper reports a case wherein the basal cell carcinoma on the cheek was resected and the skin and soft tissue defect was successfully treated using a facial artery perforator flap. Methods: A 68-year-old female consulted the authors on the basal cell carcinoma that developed on her cheek. The mass was fully resected and revealed a $2.3{\times}2.3cm$ defective region. Using a Doppler ultrasonography, the facial artery path was traced, and using a loupe magnification, the facial artery perforator flap was elevated and the defective region was covered with the flap. Results: The flap developed early venous congestion, but it disappeared without any treatment. Six months after the surgery, the patient was satisfied with the postoperative result. Conclusion: The facial artery perforator flap has a thin pedicle. It offers a big arc of the rotation that allows free movement and one-stage operation. These strengths make the method useful for the reconstruction of the midface among other procedures.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 1995

This study was designed as a reference of vertical dimension in prosthetic treatment. The author analyzed six facial measurements, namely, (1) the height of lower face at maximum intercuspal position, (2) the height of lower face at resting position, (3) midface, (4) external ear and lateral wall of orbit, (5) interpupillary distance, (6) distance between pupil and mouth in the 100 Won-kwang Univ. Dental collage students(50 : male, 50 : female), who have normal occlusion, no posterior prosthesis, no experience of orthodontic treatment, and no deformity of facial soft tissue and no temporomandibular dysfunction. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The length of midface was shortest and the inter-pupillary distance was longest in both male and female. 2. The length difference with the length of midface and lower face at maximum intercuspal position was 5.64mm in male and 2.23mm in female, so the lower face was longer, 3. The facial measuring component, similar to lower face at maximum intercuspation, was the length of between medial wall of external ear and lateral wall of orbit. It's difference was 1.3mm in male, 1.77mm in female, and the lower face was shorter. 4. The difference of lower facial length in resting position and maximum intercuspation was 2.48mm in male, 2.24mm in female, the length of resting position was therefore longer. 5. The most clost correlation with the height of maximum intercuspal positioning lower face was resting lower face in both groups.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 1989

This is a series of continuing research on facial bone fractures of Koreans worked by Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Dental College of Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, since 1972. The study was based on a series of 630 patients with facial bone fractures treated as in-patient at Yonsei Medical Center, Yonsei University, during the period of Jan., 1982 through Dec., 1987. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The ratio of Men to Women was 4.3 : 1, and admissions for facial bone fractures have been increased year after 1984. 2. The age frequency was highest in the third decade(38.3%), and fourth, second, fifth decade in orders. 3. The traffic accident was the most frequent cause of facial bone fractures (51.3%). 4. The most common location of facial bone fractures was the Mandible(35.3%), and Zygoma complex(29.8%), Nasal bone(15.0%), Maxilla(11.0%) were next in order of frequency. 5. In 291 patients of Mandible fractures, 226(77.7%) had fractures only in Mandible and 65(22.3%) had another facial bone fractures. The most frequent fracture site of Mandible was the Symphysis(43.0%) and Angle(22.4%), and Simple fracture was the most frequent in type of fracture(66.9%). Intermaxillary fixatin & Open reduction was major method of treatment(36.9%). 6. In 394 patients of Midface fractures 323)82.0%) had fractures only in Midface and 71(18.0%) had another facial bone fractures. The most frequent site of Midface fractures was zygoma complex & zygomatic arch(42.7%), and Simple fracture was the most common type of fractures. Observation(Maxilla :44.2%, Zygoma :51.0%) and Open Reduction(Maxilla :20.0%. Zygoma :23.5%) were the major method of treatment. 7. The frequency of Nasal bone fracture was about 1/5 of Midface fractures, and Closed Reduction(45.2%) was the major method of treatment. 8. The complication was reported in only 16 patients, and Malunion was the major complication. 9. Head(44.4%), Lower extrimities(14.5%) and Eye(12.3%) were injured commonly with facial bone fractures. 10. The elapsed time from injury to hospital was within 24 hours in 73.8% of patients, however 15.5% of patients arrived the hospital 72 hours after injury.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.319-329
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• 2000

Prediction of the soft tissue changes following hard tissue movement is very important from the esthetic view point for patients who have orthognathic surgery. There are many cephalometric analysis of facial bone and soft tissue on the lower lip and chin region but few soft tissue analysis on the midface after mandibular setback surgery. This study was performed to obtain whether the mandibular posterior movement has influence on the midface and the predictable ratio of post-operative measurement values of the soft tissue changes following mandibular setback surgery. Fifteen patients (8 males and 7 females) who had undergone mandibular setback surgery were selected and analyzed the soft tissue movement on the upper lip and the cheek region. Post-operative changes of the soft tissue measurements after mandibular surgery were examined on pre- and post-operative cephalometrics and the ratio of changes were analyzed after drawing the reference line on the face with the barium sulfate solution. The reference lines were perpendicular to the intercanthal line from infraorbital foramen and lateral canthus. The results obtained were as follows : 1. There were tendancy of anterior movement of soft tissue adjacent the nose after mandibular surgery 2. There were incerased tendancy of the amount of anterior movement from the nasal crease to the cheek region. 3. The amount of anterior movement of the soft tissue was larger below the palatal plane compared with above the palatal plane in the cheek region. 4. The upper lip length was increased and moved posterior direction after mandibular setback surgery 5. The lower lip was moved posterior direction by posterior movement of the mandibular structure 6. Soft tissue of the midface around the nose moved anterior direction after mandibular setback surgery but there was no correlation between the amount of mandibular setback and the amount of the soft tissue changes

• 대한미세수술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1992.11a
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• pp.72-72
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• 1992

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.169-173
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• 2001

Maxillary-malar deficiency is the most frequently occurring midface dentofacial deformity. Clinicaly patients with maxillary-malar deficiency exhibit malar and infraorbital rim deficiency and class III malocclusion. For treatment of these deformities, modified LeFort III osteotomy have been used. Modified LeFort III osteotomy advances maxilla with orbital rims and zygomatic bone anteroposteriorly. This is a case of patient who had severe mandibular prognthism with midface deformity. We performed modified LeFort III osteotomy for maxillary-malar advancement and simultaneous bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy for mandibular prognathism and autogenous iliac bone graft.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

Purpose : To introduce a more effective and efficient protocol for protraction of maxillary complex in CLP patient and demonstrate it by case presentation. Methods : Miniplates are placed on zygomatic buttress and anterior part of mandible, at the time of secondary alveolar bone graft. During the night time, the orthopedic force is applied by wearing elastics from maxillary miniplates to facemask (500 g per side). During the day time, the intermaxillary elastics connecting maxillary miniplates to mandibular miniplates are applied (200 g per side). During the orthopedic treatment, dental alignment is possible. Results and conclusion : By the new protocol, the intermaxillary relation and occlusion are improved due to the stable intraoral anchorage and better cooperation of patients.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-2
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• 2018

Theoretically, panfacial bone fractures involve all three areas of the face: frontal bone, midface, and mandible. In practice, when two out of these three areas are involved, the term "panfacial bone fracture" has been applied. We can use physical examination, simple radiologic examination, and computed tomography study for diagnosis. Linear fracture are treated by conservative treatment. But, most of panfacial bone fracture patients need to be treated by open reduction and internal fixation. Facial width is most important thing that we need to care during operation. There are many ways about sequence like "top to bottom," "bottom to top," "outside to inside," or "inside to outside" and the authors prefer "top to bottom" and "outside to inside" ways. The authors apply arch bar from the first of surgery and then, set frontal bone fracture, midface fracture and mandible fracture in sequence. Usually, we remove the stitches for 5 days after surgery and the intraoral stitch removed after 2 weeks. Usually arch bar is going to be removed 4 weeks after surgery. We could get acceptable results with the above way.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.4 no.2 s.7
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• pp.96-99
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• 2004

구강저를 통한 기관내 삽관은 1986년 Altemir에 의해 처음 소개된 바 있는데 그 후 1993년 Hoenig와 Braun 및 같은 해 Stoll 등에 의해서나, 또는 1996년 Prochno 등에 의해 계속 변형된 방법으로 문헌에서 기술되어 왔다. 이 방법은 치과 영역 특히 구강악안면외과의 외상수술시 이상적인 교합을 얻기 위해 임시 상하악간 고정(intermaxillary fixation)을 할 수 있고 중안모 골절(midface fracture)의 회복을 위한 비관 삽관의 불편함을 피할 수 있는 유리한 점이 있으며, 또한, 정복 및 고정술이 필요한 비골 골절(nasal bone fracture)에서나 두개기저골 골절(skull base fracture)에서 여러 감염 등 합병증을 피하기 위해 추천될 수 있다. 또한, 목 부위에 비심미적인 반흔을 만들게 되며 여러 합병증을 초래할 수 있는 기관절개술(tracheostomy)보다 유용할 수 있다. 본 증례보고에서는 교통사고로 두개기저부 골절을 동반한 심한 중안모 골절 환자에서 적용시킨 경우를 알아보고, 아울러 이러한 악하부 삽관의 장, 단점 및 시술 과정 등에 대해 고찰해보고자 한다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2022

Facial feminization surgery (FFS) refers to a set of procedures aimed at altering the features of a masculine face to achieve a more feminine appearance. In the second part of this two-part series, assessment and operations involving the midface, mandible, and chin, as well as soft tissue modification of the nasolabial complex and chondrolaryngoplasty, are discussed. Finally, we provide a review of the literature on patient-reported outcomes in this population following FFS and suggest a path forward to optimize care for FFS patients.