• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.62-71
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• 2010

Objectives : The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence by gender and to evaluate associations of depression, anxiety and sleep disturbances in a large sample of adolescents from the general population. Methods : 1422 subjects, aged 14 years students were recruited in the seven middle-school of the local community. The self-report questionnaire(Children's Depression Inventory : CDI, Beck Anxiety Inventory : BAI and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index : PSQI) was used for screening depression, anxiety and sleep disturbances in adolescent. CDI, BAI, and PSQI score was categorized into the following quartiles : $\leq$21, 22-25, 26-28, and $\geq$29 ; $\leq$21, 22-26, 27-31, and $\geq$32 ; $\geq$5, <5. The cut-off score is that CDI is 22, BAI is 22 and PSQI is 5. The result was analyzed using the independent t-test, the chi-square test and logistic regression analyses. Results : The mean CDI score($12.52{\pm}8.32$ vs. $10.39{\pm}7.52$ ; p=0.003), BAI($7.77{\pm}7.93$ vs. $9.84{\pm}9.04$ ; p<0.001) and PSQI($4.57{\pm}2.67$ vs. $3.64{\pm}2.30$ ; p=0.013) of girls were significantly higher than for boys. But, boys in the fourth quartile of CDI(CDI$\geq$29) and BAI(BAI$\geq$32) were at significantly elevated risk for sleep disturbances more than for girls after adjustment for sex, history of psychiatric treatment(CDI odd ratio, 14.66 ; 95% CI, 4.17-51.53, BAI odd ratio, 32.99 ; 95% CI, 4.26-255.39). Conclusion : The results suggest that high CDI, BAI score appears to increase the risk for developing sleep disturbances in boys more than girls.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.183-192
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of elementary school dietitians in terms of nutrition education in the northern portion of Gyeonggi province. Self-administered questionnaires were given to 50 dietitians who have worked in elementary schools with self-operation food service, and 35(70%) dietitians returned the questionnaires. The results are summarized as follows: no students took part in nutrition education as a regular course, but all dietitians performed nutrition education in passive ways, such as 'using home correspondence'(39.0%), 'bulletin board/poster'(22.0%), 'using the internet'(13.4%) and 'indirectly through a classroom teacher'(12.2%). Most respondents performed nutrition education 'one time/month'(66.0%) or 'one time/week'(20.0%). The respondents thought that suitable teaching times for nutrition education were 'during a related subject'(35.5%), 'during lunch time'(22.6%) rather than 'during an independent subject'(16.1%). Most of the dietitians(94.3%) did not perform nutrition counseling because of 'a lack of opportunity'(72.7%) and 'workload'(27.3%). Additionally 88.6% of respondents did not have the time of for nutrition counseling for parents because 'am not a teacher'(56.7%) and 'workload'(30,0%). Information sources for nutrition education were mainly 'internet'(71.4%) and 're-educationa1 materials'(17.1%). They possessed instructional materials in the forms of 'printed materials'(35.1 %), 'exhibition/bulletin board'(31.2%), and 'electrical materials'(33.8%), 'but did not have 'solid materials' such as food models and dolls. Generally they had mostly 'leaflets'(82.9%), 'bulletins'(68.6%), 'internet'(57.1%), and 'CDs'(57.1%). Preferences for instructional materials used were 'printed materials'(46.2%), 'exhibition/bulletin board'(36.5%), and 'electrical materials'(17.3%) 'Leaflets'(80.0%) were mainly used; 'CD'(17.1 %) use was low compared to the proportion possessing CDs. The topics frequently chosen by the subjects for nutrition education were 'table manners'(82.9%), 'basic concepts of food and nutrition'(80.0%), and 'proper food habits'(80.0%), but the topics helpful for practical use, such as 'how much do I eat'(20.0%) and 'nutrition labeling'(37.1%), were not included frequently. The respondents thought that 'eating only what they like'(60.0 %), 'intake of processed foods'(17.8%), and 'obesity'(17.8%) were the most common nutritional problems among elementary school children. They also thought that establishing a regular course for nutrition education was an effective way to cut down on these nutritional problems. In conclusion, nutrition education programs that are combined with effective instructional materials and practical topics should be developed. Additionally, it is recommended that dietitians act as teachers who participate in regular courses as soon as possible.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.459-488
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• 2018

The self-report assessment has been most commonly used to estimate bullying/victimization (B/V) rates in most domestic and international prevalence studies. However, the presence of many potential biasing factors in such an assessment method, including specific operationalization/measurement strategies and testing conditions, has become an issue due to a considerable variability in reported involvement rates across studies. This study analyzed self-reported B/V involvement rates on Olweus Bullying Questionnaire (OBQ) among 690 Korean middle school students by gender and two different cut-offs (generous vs. strict cut-offs) and examined if the involvement rates were significantly varied by testing conditions such as presentation vs. omission of a precise definition of B/V, anonymous vs. non-anonymous/confidential administration, and the use of global vs. specific questions. Chi-square analyses revealed that boys displayed higher involvement rates on global measures of B/V and on items related to direct forms of B/V, with no significant gender differences on specific measures of relational B/V rates. It was also found that a global rate of bullying and specific rates of verbal B/V were 111% to 157% higher when no definition was provided. However, anonymous vs. non-anonymous administration had no significant impacts on rates of involvement, except for one item; there were also no significant differences in reported degrees of frankness and perceived confidentiality of their responses across two adminstration conditions. Finally, when involvement rates were assessed by using specific vs. global items, they were 68% to 148% higher with binominal correlations in low to moderate ranges. Findings also indicated that global items had a high specificity but a relatively low sensitivity. Implications of these findings were fully discussed for researchers and practitioners in the field of B/V assessment.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.149-165
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• 1997

In order that, investigating the feature of patients suffering arthritis, analysing its contents, and grasping a Primary factor affecting it, I might offerbasic datas which could help to plan and perform healthy affairs to thake precautions beforehand, I have investigated, analysed, and studied a total of 320 patients suffering arthritis, who have received physiotherapy in hospital located in Teaegu area for five months, from November 1 1995 to March 30 1996, of which summary and conclusion is this. 1. The general feature of patients in investigative objects In the distribution of the distinction of sex, men accounted for 26.9% and women, for 73.1%, and, in the fistribution of age, 60-year-old or more, most for 27.2% and from 20 to 29 years old, least for 14.0%. In the distinction of a vocation, housewives most accounted for 34.7% and students(jobless men), least for 19.3%. In the distinction of a matrimonial state, married persons most accounted for 76.7% and people living alone(divorce, separation by death, separation), least for 11.4%. In the distinction of an economic state, the middle classes most accounted for 73.5% and the upper classes, least for 2.9%. In the distinction of their academic careers, graduates of a primary school most accounted for 26.9% and graduates of university, for 14.1%, of which patients, having the ability to decode the national language, reached to 11.3%. In the distinction of the house form, people living in independent houses most accounted for 76.4% and residents in apartment(having an elevator), least for 9.4%. 2. In the distribution of the recurring state in the distinction of the feature, the recurring group was more than the group of patients falling that ill at first as 62.2% and in the distinction of the feature of the recurring group, the recurring group turned high in case of men being from 50s to 60s years old or more, people living alone (divorce, separation by death, separation), students (joblessmen), people working in farming, stockbeeding, forestry, fisheries, a simple labour, graduates of a primary school I having the ability to decode the national language, the upper classes, people part two years since they begined to suffer arthritis, people who had members having ever experienced arthritis among families. 3. In the distribution of arthritis on the distinction of bodily pars, a knee articulation most accounted for 50.2% and the articulation of fingers, for 8.8%, wile the simultaneous, several parts (multiple) accounted for 35.1%. In the distinction of the feature, arthritis of a knee turned high in case of men being from 20s to 30s years old, unmarried persons, people having academic careers of university, the middle classes, residents in apartment (having stairs). In the dictnction of a feature the case of several parts (multiple) turned high in case of women being from 50s to 60s years old or more, people living alone (divorce, separation by death, separation), people having the ability to decode th. national language, the graduates of a primary school, the upper classes, residents in apartment (having elevator). 4. In the distribution of arthritis on e distinction of a contracting term, two years or more most accounted for 51.6% and the case of contacting from one year to two years, for 15.3%. Analysing the distinction of the feature, the case of two years or more turned high in case of women being from 50s to 60s years old or more, people living alone (divorce separation by death, separation), the upper classes, people having the ability to decode the national language, residents in apartment (having elevator). 5. In the distribution of an treatment institution before patients came to help, their not curing most accounted for 39.1%, general, orthopedic, neurological surgery (physical therapy), for. 20.0%, and th. therapy of Chinese medicine (acupuncture, moxacautery, Chinese medicine), for 17.5%, and a pharmacy (medical therapy), for 13.4%. The case of patients not curing, in the distinction of a feature, turned high in case of men 20s years old, unmarried, the lower classes, people having academic careers of university, residents in apartment (having elevator). 6. In e distribution of the extent of satisfaction with treatment, common most accounted for 54.4% and some satisfaction, for 32.8%. The case of common, in the distinction of a feature, turned high, in case of men living alone from 50s to 60s years old (divorce, separation by death, separation), married persons, the upper classes, people having academic careers of university, residents in independent house, residents in apartment (having elevator), 7. In the distribution of the degree of knowledge of the cause of arthritis, patients knowing that the cause is to use very much a articulation in normal times most accounts for 60.1%, and patients knowing the state of short nutrition as a cause, for 2.5%. The case of patients knowing that the cause is to use very much in normal times, in the distinction of a feature, turned high in·case of ment being 20s and 60s years old or more, unmarried persons, e lower classes, people having the ability to decode. the national language, people having academic careers of university, residents in apartment (having stairs), 8. In the distribution of the state of physical exercise before arthritis contracted, patients exercising very much on the whole most accpimend for 40.3%, and patients not exercising, for 34.7%. The case of patients exercising very much on the whole, in the distinction of the feature, turned high in case of men being from 50s to 60s years old or more, people living alone(divorce, separation by death, separation), the lower classes, people having the ability to decode the national language, graduates of a primary school, residents in apartment (having elevator). 9. In the taste of patients suffering from arthritis, while the group of patients falling that ill at first and the recurring group didn't smoke cigarets, during alcohol and coffee on the whole, and the group of patients falling once again that ill drank a cup of distilled linquor and three cup of coffee or more on the whole per one day, and the group of patients falling that ill at first liked sort of vegetables and the recurring group liked very much sons of vegetables and fresh and meat in their loving food normal times. 10. Analysing the distribution on the dining table used by patients and the structure of a powder room, at first, in the structure of a powder room, the group of patients filling that ill have a toilet stool using as their sits, and a Bush toilet on the whole, and the recurring group, a toilet stool using as their sits and conventional type, and in the structure of a dinning table, the group of patients falling that ill at first and the recurring group turned high, each as 66.9% and 6.3%, who have a dining table carring here and there. 11. In the distribution of patients of arthritis in relation to stress, the case that they feeled severly symptoms of arthritis when thay got stress, turned high, each, as 78.6% in the recurring poop, and the case not knowing, as 61.5% in the first group. In the extent of stress normal times, the case that they got much stress on the whole turned high, each, as 72.4% in e recurring group, and the care that got less stress on the whole, as 60.0%. 12. In the distribution on the distinction of symptoms and impedimental extent, the recurring group turned high in each variable. Analysing the feature of the recurring group, in the distinction of symptoms, the case that they fooled much that the node of an articulation is stiff, turned high, as 71.6, and in the distinction of treatment before. patients came to helpk, the theraphy of Chinese medicine (physical theraphy), as 84.4%, the theraphy of Chinese medicine (acupuncture, moxacautery, Chinese medicine), as 73.2%, and in the distinction of the satisfing extent on treatment, the case of comman, as 72.3%, and in the cause of arthritis, the case not recruiting their health after a birth, as 68.5%, and the case not recovering wholely an articulation having got hurt, as 62.8%, and in the state of physical exercise before they begined suffering from arthritis, the case exercising very much on the whole, (as 74.2%), and in the extent of subjective impediment, the case of not being able to act almost, as 66.7%, the case of acting but feeling some hard, as 66.3%. 13. The correlation in variables in relation to arthritis Analysing realted variables, the recurring frequency showed correlation with such as the extent that patients got stress normal times, and the exercising state before suffering arthritis, and showed contra-correlation with academic careers, the wights, coffee. The cigaret, e loving food of taste, showed corralation with the weight, stature, alcohole as the loving food of taste. On the basis of this result medical members of heal, who are related to the regular education, public education or development of this program, should be concerned to prevent orthris.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.19-42
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to develop practical problem-based home economics teaching.learning process plans about a unit 'the youth and consumer life' of middle school eighth-grade Technology and Home Economics by applying blended learning(BL) strategy. According to ADDIE instructional design model, this study was conducted in the following procedure: analysis, design/development, implementation, and evaluation. In the stage of design and development, the selected unit was converted into a practical problem-based unit, and practical problem-based teaching. learning process plans were designed in detail by using BL strategy. An online study room for practical problem-based home economics instruction grounded in BL strategy was prepared by using Edunet(http://community.edunet4u.net/${\sim}$consumer2). Eight-session lesson plans were mapped out, and study aids for students and materials for teachers were prepared. In the implementation stage, the first-session teaching plans that dealt with a minor question 'what preparations should be made to become a wise consumer' were utilized when instruction was provided to 115 eighth graders who were in three different province, and the other one was in a middle school in the city of Daejeon. The experimental teaching was implemented for two weeks in the following procedure: preliminary program, pre-online learning, main instruction and post- online learning. The preliminary program was carried out in a session in the classroom, and pre-online learning was provided before the main instruction was given in a session in the classroom. After the main instruction was completed, post-online learning was offered. In the evaluation stage, a survey was conducted on all the learners and teachers to find out their opinions and suggestions.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.18 no.1 s.39
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• pp.17-29
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• 2006

The purpose of this research was to examine the problems, confidence and satisfaction of teachers on the subject ${\ulcorner}technology and home economics{\lrcorner}$ in the 7th national curriculm. For this research, questionnaires were sent by post to teachers who teach technology and home economics in middle schools and high schools. The collected questionnaires were technically analyzed by SPSS/WIN 10.0 program, which measured frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation. According to the types of data, they were also analyzed by t-test and cross tabulation analyses. The results of this research were summarized as follows. 1) There were two teaching types of technology and home economics: the partial charge and the whole charge teaching according to teachers' majors, and both types occurred in similar percentage. The partial charge teaching means that teachers majoring in technology teach only the technology part and teachers majoring in home economics teach only the home economics part when they teach the same subject, technology and home economics. These days the partial charge teaching more often occurs in national or public schools than in private schools, and in coeducational schools than in girls' or boys' schools. 2) The major problems of teaching technology and home economics were caused in order by teachers' lack of skills and knowledge which we not their own major, the lack of students' interests and teaching materials, and burden of tests. 3) Teachers' confidence in teaching the contents of the subject, technology and home economics, made a significant difference according to their majors. Teachers whose major was technology felt more confident when they taught the chapters of the textbooks related to their major, technology, while teachers whose major was home economics felt more confident when they taught the chapters of the textbooks related to their major, home economics. According to implementation types, the partial charge teaching gave higher confidence to the teachers than the whole charge one in teaching almost all the chapters of the textbook. 4) According to implementation types, teachers' satisfaction was showed to be higher in the partial charge teaching than in the whole charge one.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.371-390
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to develop a neuropsychological model for the spatial ability factor and to divide the brain active area involved in the light & shadow problem solving process into the domain-general ability and the domain-specific ability based on the neuropsychological model. Twenty-four male college students participated in the study to measure the synchronized eye movement and electroencephalograms (EEG) while they performed the spatial ability test and the light & shadow tasks. Neuropsychological model for the spatial ability factor and light & shadow problem solving process was developed by integrating the measurements of the participants' eye movements, brain activity areas, and the interview findings regarding their thoughts and strategies. The results of this study are as follows; first, the spatial visualization and mental rotation factors mainly required activation of the parietal lobe, and the spatial orientation factor required activation of the frontal lobe. Second, in the light & shadow problem solving process, participants use both their spatial ability as a domain-general thought, and the application of scientific principles as a domain-specific thought. The brain activity patterns resulting from a participants' inferring the shadow by parallel light source and inferring the shadow when the direction of the light changed were similar to the neuropsychological model for the spatial visualization factor. The brain activity pattern from inferring an object from its shadow by light from multiple directions was similar to the neuropsychological model for the spatial orientation factor. The brain activity pattern from inferring a shadow with a point source of light was similar to the neuropsychological model for the spatial visualization factor. In addition, when solving the light & shadow tasks, the brain's middle temporal gyrus, precentral gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus were additionally activated, which are responsible for deductive reasoning, working memory, and planning for action.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.90-103
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• 2019

Purpose: This study examined the relationship of the nutrition of rice and the positive evaluation of the rice-based meal with the food consumption habits, physical and emotional health status, and learning efficacy of 601 middle and high school students in Jeonju area. Methods: The participants were divided into two groups using cluster analysis in that the participants belonging to the upper groups had a center score of 46.86 (n = 348), while the people belonging to the lower group had a center score of 36.89 (n = 253). Statistical differences were tested for all the relationships between the physical and emotional health symptoms and learning efficacy between the groups at the ${\alpha}=0.05$ level. Results: Significant differences in the physical self-evaluated symptoms were observed in all five items in each cluster (p < 0.05). In the case of the emotional health status, nine out of 10 items showed significant differences between the groups. Similarly, significant differences in all five items in learning efficacy questionnaire were noted (p < 0.05). Positive attitudes of the parents toward having breakfast also showed significant differences among the groups. Conclusion: The nutrition of rice and a positive evaluation of the rice-based meals significantly affect the physical and emotional health status and learning efficacy of juveniles. These findings can be used as baseline information for promoting nutrition education, particularly rice-based breakfast.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.135-145
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• 2009

This study was performed to investigate added sugar intakes from processed food-snacks and participation behaviors of special event days sharing sweet foods among adolescents in Korea. Questionnaire survey (n = 959), dietary survey (n = 71) by food record method for 3 days, and snack survey (n = 230) for 3 days were carried out, and subjects were overlapped among three surveys. As a result, middle school students (MS) preferred milks and fermented milks while high school students (HS) preferred breads and fast foods as a snack (p < 0.01). MS and HS took snacks three to six times a week, and HS took snacks more frequently than MS (p < 0.05). Most subjects participated in special event days sharing sweet foods such as friend's birthday (68.4%), Peppro's day (61.5%) and Valentine's day (42.6%). As for merits of these events, MS said ‘they could get along with their friends' and ‘relieve stress', while HS said ‘they could enjoy their own events' and ‘confess their affection to whom they like' (p < 0.01). A group of cookies, biscuits, breads and, cakes was major source of added sugars followed by beverages, sweet jellies of red bean, chocolates and candies for subjects. For MS and HS, daily total added sugar intakes from whole processed food-snacks were $30.5{\pm}23.5g/d$ (3.0-137.9 g/d) and $31.7{\pm}23.2g/d$ (1.2-126.1 g/d), and ratios of daily total energy taken from added sugars of whole processed food-snacks in proportion to daily total energy taken from diet (energy percent of added sugars from snacks) were $6.3{\pm}4.7%$ (0.6-26.1%) and $6.3{\pm}4.4%$ (0.3-23.9%), respectively. These results showed that subjects frequently participated in special event days sharing sweet foods. In addition, energy percent of added sugars from snacks was more than the UL suggested by WHO/FAO for some subjects. Therefore, it is highly critical to monitor adolescents' sugar intakes on a long-term basis and to take nutritional management on their high sugar intakes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.59-72
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• 1990

The study reserches the related contents of the health education in the existing gymnastics and the domestics textbook, catches learning-Ulaching contents by the health-control function and compares the contents with the health-education curriculum of the Texas State in America. This study is questioned and reserched the general features of the teachers who is change in the health education, their attitudes about the teaching of it, and the recognition degree about their health education. The results above is like the following. 1. Learning-teaching contents by the health-control function. The domestics and gymnastics which contains the health education contents, is not discripted continually and at the same time is short of the contents in the health-control function according to the students' individual domains. Also the recent serious problems, (that is, Smoking, Drinking and Medical poisoning, Emotion, and Psychic domains) were no mentioned. 1) In gymnastics textbook, the physical domains are mentioned 8, 9 in juinor, and senior class, the affective, psychic domains only senior class and the social domains only 1 grade except junior and senior class. Growth-development function is concentratedly stated only 1 grade in physical domains and there is no stated in. The social domains are referred a little in senior class. In cure-recovery functions, the physical domains is being taught in 2, and 3 grade, but not 1 grade. Specially, the social domains are being taught in all grade, but, the affective domains are not at all 2) In the subject of domestics, the physical domains of the daily life functions are taught in all the years, but the emotional, mental domains are taught a little in 1 and 2 grades. The growth-development functions are being taught about the nutrition-health, in the physical parts of all graries, and the emotional-mental, social domains are being taught some in 7 and 8 grade except 3 grade, he cure-recovery functions ere taught in only 1 grade, the contents of rehabilitative functions are not being taught like gymnastics. 2. The general characteristics of the health-education teachers and the health-education. In the calss field, the average age of gymnastics-teachers is from 35 to 40 years old, and it of domestics teachers is from 24 to 29 years old. 1) In the class-hours a week, the gymnastics teachers take lessons 3 hours (75.6%) and the domestics teachers 4 hours (65.6%). In "the health-lessons hours alloted"in a semister, 3 or 4 hours is 38.7% and no hours is 18.0% in gymnastics teachers. On the other hand, there is no hours to teach the health-education in domestics teachers. About the opinion: the health subject must be taught as a independent subject, 42.9% of the gymnastics teachers agreed and 45.3 % of the domestics teachers did. 2) The factors which have an influence upon the health-teachers #. In age, the class lesson hours of a week(r= .0014), the confident manner about the lessons(r= .0485) and the necessity of the lessons (r= .0316) are closely related one another. #. In sexes, the lesson hours a class(r= .0000), the alloted hours of health lesson a semister(r= .0000) the confident manner about the class(r= .0001). the quantity of lesson(r= .0001): and, the teacher's belief(r= .0264) are co-related one another. #. In subject in change. the class hours a week(r= .0000), the alloted hours of health-lesson a semister(r= .0000) the quantity of the lesson(r= .0114) are co-related each other. #. In majority, the class lesson hours a week(r= .0000) the alloted hours of health lesson a semister(r= .0000) the quantity of the lesson are co-related each other. The quantity of lesson and the confidence about the lesson (r= .3223) and the quantity of lesson and the interest of lesson (r= .2450) are co-related each other.