• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.77-88
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• 2003

In this paper, we consider relationship of the monastic mathematics and the arts of the middle ages. Because mathematics and arts are effects of the spirit of the ages. Here, we concern with the Rome and the religion of Christ. Next, we think of the bible and Christian doctrine and then compare with Christian arts and arts of the customs of the middle ages. The middle ages is the period of women's inequality according to the feudal system. So we investigate the correlation of the christianity, arts of the middle ages, women's inequality and monastic mathematics which is worthless in mathematics history.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.263-274
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• 2003

This study analyzes how social environment influenced underclothes and characteristic which underclothes have is associated with the outer garment and the underclothes in the Middle Ages. As a result, 1 can get the next conclusion First, throughout the Middle Ages, body was involved with the sense of same and sin influenced by the religious austerity. This mentality was applied to the underclothes. As underclothes are not generally revealed, it is recognized to be not important but inefficient. Second, in the late Middle Ages, as the outer garment reveal the body line, the underclothes are affected by it. So men's and women's distinction in the outer garment is applied to the underclothes. In the second quarter of the 14C, class distinction and sexual attraction certainly present on the outer garment but are not applied to the underclothes. The conceptions that underclothes might express the spirit of the changing times, in sympathy with the outer garment, did not enter the medieval mind. Third, the function to protect the body is emphasized the underclothing in the Middle Ages, whereas it was important to identify rank sign in the history of underclothes. Throughout the Middle Ages the underclothing of both sexes is emphasized utilitarian in (unction rather than class distinction and sexual attraction. But women exposed their body line in thin chemise to represent sexual attraction in the late Middle Ages.

• 복식
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.27-40
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• 2004

In this thesis, the connectivity between the military culture in the Middle Ages and costumes by researching the effect on the clothing in the Middle Ages of the culture of knight from the 11th century to middle of the 15th century was tried to be recognized. The culture of knight was widely divided into 4 articles - Chivalry, Tournamemt, The equipment of knight, Heraldry - and then researched. The conclusion after researching the influence of the culture of knight upon the clothing in the Middle Age in the above is as follows. Regarding the clothing, the military culture such as the crusader war, armor, and heraldry was popularized over the entire Middle Ages as the military-look style, and regarding the ornament the result of the crusader war caused the introduction of the Eastern civilization and development of the commerce and industry, and also trade, and consequently the ornament became luxurious. Regarding the footwear, when seeing the Gothic shoes, it can be found that it is similar with the knight's shoes made of the metal. As seen in the above, it can be recognized that the culture of knight caused the huge influence upon the whole politics, culture, and society in the Middle Ages as well as upon the costumes.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.79-91
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• 2011

This study divided school age by considering a change in the stage of body growth by age in elementary schoolgirls with the use of body scan data, and considered by comparing body size characteristics by school age. Elementary schoolgirls' body shape cannot be divided clearly. However, ages 7-10 were bound into the same group for the majority of girth, width, and thickness items. 7-8 years old, 9-10 years old, and 11-12 years old were bound into the same group in most items except ages 9 and 10 for the height item. Thus, significant difference was indicated between groups. Accordingly, this study divided the school age into three periods such as early stage(ages 7-8), middle stage(ages 9-10), and late stage(ages 11-12) in consideration of the stages for elementary schoolgirls' body-shape growth. As a result of analyzing body size according to division of school age, the higher school age leads to continuous growth. The notable growth was indicated especially in the middle stage and late stage. Examining centering on typical items related to the clothing construction, there was notable increase in waist thickness and hip thickness between early and middle stages and in height, weight, breast girth, waist circumference, back length, breast width, and waist width between middle and late stages. On the other hand, hip circumference, hip width, breast thickness, and length between shoulder edges were indicated to grow relatively and evenly among early, middle, and late stages. The lateral form was shown a clear difference in the forms of early, middle, and late stages in height and length of the whole body shape and in side thickness. The early and middle stages belong to body shape that abdomen is projected to be curved. The late stage showed right body shape which is straight and stable form in posture.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.353-360
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• 2000

The purpose of study examined the changes of the man's underclothes from the ancient ages to the early modern ages. The method of study researched literatures and possessions of the museum. In ancient ages, a suit of clothes had the functions of both underclothes and outer garments. In middle ages, underclothes were not exposed and the importance was not recognized while they were worn to show the sense of sin and humility or to punish criminals. In early modern ages, the importance of underclothes recognized as they were exposed. In Renaissance period, the fashion of the day influenced much on the underclothes. In Baroque ages, the functions of underclothes were different according to sexes and men wore underclothes to show their social status. As the outer garments were shortned, shirt wwere also conspicuously exposed. In Rococo ages, drawers were tightened due to the influence of outer garments, men exposed their shirts to show the social status and underclohtes were usually worn to express sexual attraction. Men's underclothes had the functions of class distinction from the ancient ages to the modern ages, except the middle ages and underclothes had the additional functions such as supporting body-shape and sex attraction. The fashion of the day influenced on the changes of the shapes of the shapes of men's underclothes and the changes of outer garments were reflected on underclothes.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2007

Recently elderly has been recognized as a healthy and active generation because of extended average life span by medical development, interests in health, and achieved economic power while elderly was regarded as a passive and dependant generation before. The primary purpose of this study was to analyze the lifestyle types and housing consciousness of the middle ages around fifty's who will have more inclinations in the future to consider the hosing problems of elderly. To collect the data, LOV survey method was used for 600 middle ages about their lifestyles and future housing types. The data analysis used SPSS PC 12.0 to find the frequency, chi-square, factor analysis, and cluster analysis. The results of analysis are as follows: First, the lifestyle was segmented into five groups and there were differences on demographics such as education and income, also on housing sizes and types of home-ownership types. Second, there were different preferences on the types of senior housing by different lifestyles whereas there were similar on the location and sizes of houses by different clusters.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.513-522
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• 2019

This study analyzes the characteristics of somatotype changes of girls from the ages of 13 to 18 that provide basic data on clothing construction for middle and high school girls. We use data obtained from body measurements of 1,590 adolescent girls 13 to 18 years of age provided in the 6th national anthropometric survey report. The differences among the age groups for 56 direct measurements were analyzed by ANOVA, and the structures of the differences by SNK (Students-Newman-Keuls test) were analyzed. The two major growth ages were 'ages 13-14' and 'ages 15-16'. The first major growth ages focused on all measurement items of height, length, circumference, breadth, depth and other items. The second one focused on measurement items of height and length of torso, circumference, and breadth of lower body. The major growth pattern of the age groups was 'ages 13<14&15<16&17&18' which appeared focused on the height and length items of upper body and torso, the width items of lower body and the circumference items of upper body and lower body. The measurement items of front length like waist front length, N.P. to B.P to waistline, N.P. to B.P., and B.P. to B.P. showed the growth pattern for 'ages 13<14<15<16<17&18'.

• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.25-42
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate how the married middle-aged married men and women describe their own gender-role attitude, mid-life crisis and psychological adjustment, including search components as both middle-aged men and women's income, and education with occupation. Psychological adjustment was composed of mid-life crisis, depression, and perceived happiness, These data were collected from 397 married, middle aged men and women from 40 years to 59 years-old by using self-administered questionnaire method, The summarized results of the study are as follows: First of all, the middle-aged men's gender-role attitudes were more traditional gender-role attitudes 'than of women's. Second, in general characteristic, the men were different according to education, However, the women's gender-role attitudes were different according to ages, a period of marriage, education, income, and occupation. Third, in psychological adjustment, the men had significant differences in income. And, the women had significant differences in ages, a period of marriage, education, income, and occupation. Finally, the men and women's gender-role attitudes were positively correlated with mid-life crisis and depression, and were negatively correlated with happiness. And, the women's gender-role attitudes were positively correlated with psychological adjustment.

• 암석학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.79-99
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• 2003

옥천 변성대 서남부 화산지역과 중부 미원-증평지역 52개의 변성이질-사질암과 5개의 화강암류에 있는 흑운모와 백운모로부터 K-Ar과 $^{40}$ Ar/$^{39}$ Ar 연대를 구하였다. 서남부 화산지역 보은과 피반령의 2개의 지구조 단위에서 채취한 변성이질-사질암류로부터 구한 흑운모와 백운모 K-Ar과 $^{40}$ Ar/$^{39}$ Ar 연대는 149-180Ma이다 미원-증평지역의 보은과 피반령의 2개의 지구조 단위에서 채취한 변성이질-사질암류로부터 구한 흑운모와 백운모 K-Ar 연대는 서남부 화산지역에 비해 복잡한 연대분포를 보이는데 백악기 화강암체 주위의 102-105 Ma를 제외하고 142-194Ma(쥬라기), 216-234Ma(삼첩기후기-중기) 및 241-277 Ma(삼첩기초기-페름기 중기)의 범위이다. 하지만 삼첩기부터 페름기까지 연대범위는 보은 단위 북부와 피반령 단위 남부, 즉 증평지역의 옥천변성대 중앙부에서만 구해지며 다른 지역의 연대들은 쥬라기중기에 집중된다. 서남부 화산지역 및 중부 미원-증평지역의 화강암류의 K-Ar과 $^{40}$ Ar/$^{39}$ Ar 흑운모와 백운모 연대들은 쥬라기중기로 이들은 변성퇴적암으로부터 얻어진 쥬라기중기의 $^{40}$ Ar/$^{39}$ Ar과 K-Ar 흑운모와 백운모의 연대와 거의 일치하며 이는 두 암체가 동시에 냉각된 사실을 지시한다. 서남부 화산지역과 중부 미원-증평지역의 보은 단위 및 피반령 단위에서 분리된 탄질물의 $d_{002}$ 값은 모두 각섬암상 범위의 흑연화를 지시하는 3.353-3.359 $\AA$의 매우 좁은 범위에 집중된다. 변성광물군으로 볼 때 녹색편암상의 변성작용을 받은 화산지역의 보은 단위 남부에서도 각섬암상 이상의 고온을 지시하는 탄질물의 $d_{002}$ 값이 나타남은 이들 지역에서 흑운모와 백운모 K-Ar과 $^{40}$ Ar/$^{39}$ Ar 연대가 쥬라기중기에 집중되는 사실, 이들 지역들 내 광역적으로 관입한 화강암의 관입정치연대와 냉각연대가 쥬라기중기인 사실, 그리고 쥬라기 화강암 주변에 50$0^{\circ}C$ 이상의 저압형 변성대가 형성된 것은 광역적으로 변성광물을 형성한 주변성작용 이후 쥬라기초기(\ulcorner)-증기에 일어난 저압형의 광역적 열변성작용을 강하게 뒷받침한다. 하지만 광역적 열변성작용에 의한 변성광물변화는 화강암접촉부 1-2km 내에서만 인지되며 이는 화강암의 빠른 냉각에 의해 1-2km 밖의 광물군이 변화될 만큼 충분한 기간동안 열이 공급되지 못하였음을 지시한다. 한편, 옥천변성대 증평지역 중망부의 변성이질-사질암으로부터 측정된 흑운모와 백운모 K-Ar과 $^{40}$ Ar/$^{39}$ Ar 연대는 최근에 이들 지역에서 보고된 중압형의 주 광역변성작용시기인 석탄기후기-폐름기초기 이후의 냉각역사들을 잘 대변한다. 특히 옥천변성대 중부 증평지역의 중앙부에서 5개 시료에 대해 구한 흑운모와 백운모 K-Ar 연대인 241-249 Ma와 263-277 Ma는 석탄기후기-폐름기초기 (ca. 280-300 Ma) 옥천변성대의 주변성시기 이후 280-300 Ma부터 263-277 Ma 사이에서 약 3$50^{\circ}C$까지의 빠른 냉각과 263-277 Ma부터 241-249 Ma 사이에서 약 30$0^{\circ}C$까지의 느린 냉각을 지시한다 하지만 왜 삼첩기-폐름기의 연대가 증평지역의 중앙부에만 국한되어 나타나는지에 대한 좀 더 자세한 연구가 필요하다.요하다.

• 복식
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2003

This study as one of a series of systematic studies about dancing costumes will compare the costumes of the middle age with their normal style of dress. In brief, this study wants people to know about middle a9e dancing costumes and understand the culture in the middle ages. It was found that people's everyday clothes in the middle age such as Surcot. Surcot-ouvert, Pourpoint, Houppelande were used as dancing costumes. They were, however. changed from the public's clothes which were tight and long. Rather than wearing costume over others. dancers wore costumes which had slits on skirt or sleeves to increase motion. With the Wild Man of the Wood's which only nobles used for their dancing costumes. costumers highlighted the beauty of human body There were various costume materials used in the middle ages like silk. cotton fabrics, linen or brocade. These materials were used for Surcot and Pourpoint as dancing costumes. The naturalness of nature or geometric patterns also was expressed on the costumes. Further about those patterns, because the development of stained glass, vivid colors were used especially red, light green, blue etc. As for the hair styles used, dancers let their hair down and put a jeweled crown over their hair. In summation. dancers wore the same clothes that normal People did, but the costumes were different depending on social status and gender. The costumes of ordinary people's were based upon ordinary clothes that moved and emphasized the dynamic motion. On the other side, the court dancers' costumes were very fancy. symbolizing a measurement of nobles' from wealth and authority. as well as an expression of a sense of beauty, The main features of middle ages follows. : To emphasize vitality, there were long slits on the side of skirt. Hair decorations and jewels are more used than in the ancient age's. To hide a dancer's social status. they could use a mask. Wild Man of the Wood's was used for the body makeup. All these features of the dancing costumes must contribute to the progress of the dance in the middle age's.