• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.387-412
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• 2003

Influence of gelatinase on basement membrane (BM) structure was investigated by using a skin equivalent (SE) model. The results showed that (1) gelatinase produced by cells degraded the BM and (2) the addition of matrix metalloproteinase-specific inhibitor to the SE medium accelerated the formation of BM structure, indicating that gelatinase is involved in BM impairment. The activity of gelatinase was also studied in healthy human facial skin tissues. The result of in situ zymography revealed gelatinase activity around the basal layer of the epidermis, where BM integrity was severely compromised. Therefore, this enzyme was suggested to be associated with BM decomposition in human facial skin. To assess the behavior of gelatinase in stratum corneum (SC) non-invasively, an immunological study was performed. Since positive immunostaining of pro-gelatinase B was observed in SC stripped from sun-exposed skin, whereas no positive staining detected in SC of non-irradiated skin, gelatinase in the epidermis could be non-invasively detected by measuring gelatinase in SC. Gelatinase in SC of healthy female volunteers was monitored using a special film that sensitively and conveniently detects gelatinase. Ninetr percent of SC from facial skin (l00 women, 40's-50's) was gelatinase-positive. On the other hand, SC from non-irradiated skin was negative. These results strongly suggest that (1) gelatinase is constantly produced in the facial epidermis of most middle-aged woman during their daily life, and (2) the enzyme might be involved in the aging-related degeneration of both BM and the matrix fibers of the upper layer of the dermis, acting as a very important aging factor. Strong inhibitory activity against gelatinase was found in turmeric extract and identified curcumin as the major ingredient. Topical application of cream containing turmeric extract significantly decreased the number of gelatinase-positive SC clusters in human facial skins. These results indicated that turmeric is an effective ingredient to prevent skin from photo aging by suppressing chlonically upregulated gelatinase activity by UV and to improve skin condition.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.232-237
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• 1996

Burning and lump sensation in the throat is a common disorder in middle aged woman. It is generally considered to be a neurotic origin but its pathophysiology is still remained unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the Pharyngoesophageal structural lesions and the esophageal motility disorders among the patients with globus pharyngeus and to elucidate whether any specific manometric abnormality might have any causative role in the pathogenesis of the globus sensation, and we also wanted to know whether such tests were necessary in evaluating those patients. Structural lesions were demonstrated in 21 cases(17.5 %) among 120 patients. But among 44 controls, there were also Two cases(4.5 %) of structural lesions, and there was less significantly difference in the prevalence of the structural lesions between the patients and controls(p=0.0625) Manometric abnormalities over the lower esophageal sphincter and the lower esophageal body were demonstrated in 28 cases (23.3 %) of the patients, while only one case (2.3 %) of the controls revealed such abnormality ( p=0.0037). Various manometric parameters of the upper esophageal sphincter and pharynx showed no difference between the patients and controls except the upper esophageal sphincter pressure at lateral sides which was lower in patients than in controls (p=0.0034). Globus sensation is a kind of symptom of esophageal dysmotility, and esophageal manometry is necessary to detect such abnormality in patients with globus sensation, Careful physical examination is also necessary to detect structural lesions in the pharynx and esophagus.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.15-26
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to understand the characteristics of body types of adult woman under 155cm in height. To do this, direct measurement data showed that only 660 women aged 20~69 years old and under 155cm tall were classified, and their body type characteristics were analyzed. There are 51 body measurement items used in the analysis. The results of the study are as follows: As a result of the comparison of the body size of all adult women and women under 155cm, it was seen that short women were smaller than the all women, and were flattened with a slightly plump and bendless body. Factor analysis was performed to classify the body type of short women. Six factors including body size, body height, shoulder length and width, waist back length, hip length, and shoulder angle were measured. The results of cluster analysis, using factor scores, were classified into three types. Type 1 is taller among short women and slightly slimmer, and is an A-shape. Type 2 has the largest BMI and was the middle stature among short women It is the most obese body type and is an H-shape. Type 3 is short and plump, with a poor hip and is a Y-shape. As a result of crossover analysis, there was a difference in the body type characteristics of each age group. After all, the body type of the short adult women under 155cm was clearly different from those of all adult women, there was also a difference in the body type among short adult women.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.75-91
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• 1973

It is a general trend in the world that female workers are drastically increasing due to the facts that highly developed capitalism requires women's job, women are inspired to work, housewives can shorten their working hours for house-keeping and save their energy from their routine works, educational expenses of their children become larger, large among of modities has stimulated purchasing desire. Since the International Treaty on Prohibition of Female's Night Labor was agreed at the Bern's Conference in 1906, the International Labor Organization (I.L.O.) established after the World War II, has adopted innumerable international labor treaties. According to the laws of the advanced countries, the first priority of their protection has been placed on juvenile and female workers. The legal protection of female workers and equal treatments such as wage and promotion between men and women have become important world problems. In this thesis, the great principle of the Labor Standard Law, protection regarding working house, risk and harm in performance of jobs, protection of mother-workers, protection of women workers in advanced countries and the present status of welfare facilities for women workers in our country will be studied. The most important points this thesis has placed stress and appealed, are as follows : 1. The scope and variety of women workers' jobs should be broadened. 2. Opportunity for promotion should be guaranteed for women workers based upon the ability and capacity of individual woman worker. 3. Equal wage principle between men and women workers, should be established based upon the idea that men and women should be equal. 4. The age limit or marriage limit of employment applied only to female workers, should be abrogated. 5. The ability of middle and old aged women workers should be developed and utilized to the maximum extent. 6. Welfare facilities for women workers, should be urgently secured and guaranteed.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.725-729
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• 1998

Endobronchial leiomyoma is extremely rare and accounts for less than 2% of benign tumors of the lower respiratory tract. Leiomyomas are predominantly found in the young and the middle aged : of the average age being 35 years for bronchial and lung parenchymal lesions and 40.6 years for tracheal lesions. The symptom depends on the location of the tumor, its size, and changes in the lung distal to the lesion. A 37-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital complaining of coughing. Bronchoscopy revealed complete obstruction of the right main bonchus at the carina by an oval-shaped, nonulcerative, smooth, and pinkish-tan tumor with a broad margin and extended to the left main bronchus. A biopsy was performed and showed a benign spindle cell tumor. A right pneumonectomy was performed because of chronic infection, and the lung could not expanded during aeration. The histological diagnosis of the resected specimen was leiomyoma. The postoperative course was uneventful.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.222-226
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• 2009

본 연구는 40~50대 중년여성을 대상으로 측정한 체내지방분포와 심전도 QTc 간격과의 관련성을 규명하기 위하여 2004년 7월부터 2005년 8월까지 일개 광역도 소재의 일개 군 보건소 운동처방실을 방문한 여자 100명을 대상으로 체내지방분포와 심전도 QTc 간격 등을 측정하였다. 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 중년여성의 안정시 심전도 QTc 간격과 체내지방분포와의 상관관계에서는 비만도, 체질량지수, 체지방율, 허리둘레, 엉덩이둘레, 허리-엉덩이둘레 비가 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 2. 체지방율이 30% 이상인 비만군과 30% 미만인 정상군의 QTc 간격은 비만군이 정상군에 비해 QTc 간격이 더 연장된 결과를 보였다. 3. 허리둘레가 80cm 이상인 복부비만군과 80cm 미만인 정상군의 QTc 간격은 복부비만군이 정상군에 비해 QTc 간격이 더 연장된 결과를 보였다. 4. 연구대상자의 안정시 QTc 간격을 종속변수로 한 다중회귀분석을 실시한 결과를 살펴보면, 체지방율과 허리둘레가 유의하게 나타났다. 40~50대 중년여성의 심전도 QTc 간격에 영향을 주는 요인에는 체내지방분포에 따른 비만도, 체질량지수, 체지방율, 허리둘레, 엉덩이둘레 등 여러 요인들이 복합적으로 관련되는 것으로 판단되어지며, 그 중 전체지방분포를 나타내는 체지방율이 가장 크게 관련되는 것으로 판단되어진다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.214-220
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• 1985

Four cases of human infection by Echinochasmus japonicus (Trematoda; Echinostomatidae) were proven by the recovery of adult worms after a treatment with praziquantel (10mg/kg in single dose) and purgation in February 1984 in Korea. The patients were 3 middle-aged men and 1 elderly woman residing in a riverside village of Kangjin-gun (Tamjin river), Jeonranam-do, an ever-known endemic area of metagonimiasis. The treatment revealed numerous M. yokogawai worms together with 1-43 (total 54) specimens of E. japonicus and/or a few number of other kinds of trematodes or cestodes. The patients had gastrointestinal troubles such as indigestion and abdominal discomfort, probably due to these fluke infections. They have been eating some raw flesh of fresh water fishes such as cyprinoid ones or sweet fish caught from the river. This is the first record of human E. japonicus infection in the literature.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.30 no.2 s.57
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• pp.413-427
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• 1997

This research is based on the Consumption Values Theory proposed by Sheth(1991). The purpose of this research is finding the factors related to the process of hospital choice. The expectation of six hospital outpatients 600 was analyzed by six consumption values categories: functional value, social value, emotional value, rarity value, condition value, health related values. The main results of this research is as following; 1. In the result of factor analysis 22 consumption value factors which affect the hospital preference were extracted; kindness/clearness, service speed, comfort of space, technical competence in functional values, high income/active social life, low income/blue collar unmarried/man, middle aged/big family, woman/married, introvert in social values, high-class, comfort, reliability in emotional value, newness, classiness in rarity value, social relationship, close to residence, social reputation in conditional values, priority on health, health behavior, active sense of value on health in health related values. 2. The difference of consumption values among hospital types were analyzed. The critical factors in reference for corporate hospitals newly established were kindness/clearness, service speed, convenience, classiness, comfort, and newness. University hospitals were preferred by the factors of reliability, and social reputation. In general hospital, convenience and close to residence were critical factor. 3. In logistic regression, age, marital status, education level and income as socio-demographic variables were significantly related to general hospital choice. Also service speed and close to residence were positively and high income/active social life and high class value were negatively related to general hospital choice. On university hospital choice, age and marital status, education show posive relationship whereas income showing negative relationship. Kindness/clearness, service speed, comfort of space, unmarried/man, comfortable feeling, newness and close to residence showed negative relationship with university hospital selection whereas technical competence, reliability in emotional value, classiness in rarity value, social relationship in functional values showed positive relationship. Lastly kindness/clearness, comfort of space, high income/active social life, unmarried/man, high-class, comfort and newness were positively related to corporate hospitals newly established choice in contrast to negative relationship in reliability in emotional value and classiness. In summary, we found that hospital user also choose to hospital in base of various consumption value. Further studies to investigate the hospital consumer behavior will be needed.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.232-243
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• 2017

Although several supplementary foods are available for pregnant and lactating women, there is a need for foods able to maintain a woman's beauty without any changes in body shape. In this study, four questionnaires about nutrition management, skin care, body shape, and the intent of purchasing beauty supplementary foods, were prepared for an online survey (http://pms8011.wixsite.com/project). A total of 95 answers from 293 women were classified into four groups, based on age, income, occupation, and skin type. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS/WIN Program 22.0. The significances of the F-value analyzed by one-way ANOVA and the differences within the groups were verified by Scheffe's method. All groups were shown to have very high requirements for nutrition management and beauty standards. In the skin patterns, the groups of middle-aged women, house wife and the lower income showed high interests, with a high significance (P<0.01) in ages. With respect to body shape, significant interest was found within the groups of skin type (P<0.05) and age (P<0.001). With regard to supplementary foods, all groups showed a strong intention to purchase, but no significant differences were found. This study indicates the necessity to categorize supplementary foods by the intended target group, such as women planning to conceive, pregnant women, and lactating women.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.48-61
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was done to explore the essence and meaning of the experience of 'aging', as a process of 40's and 50's women in Korea by applying the Parse's Human Becoming theory (2002). Methods: Data was collected from February to April, 2013, using the phenomenological research method. Data was collected through in-depth informal interview and analyzed following Colaizzi method. After IRB permission and informed consent from the participants, all interviews were recorded with MP3 recorder and transcribed for analysis. Results: Data analysis revealed 112 of meanings, 33 key subject words, 8 subject phrases, and 4 categories. The main themes were elaborated as 'going down' ('Being changed of body and mind', 'Being considered on my identity'), 'going up' ('Being expanded of productive role', 'Being transcendent multi-dimensionally'), 'pausing' ('Becoming more thoughtful about family', 'Looking back'), 'going forward again' ('Age is just a number, 'Contemplating of life and death'). Experiences in aging among women in 40's and 50's enlightened with Parse's theory of Human Becoming in terms of 'going down', 'going up', 'pausing', 'going forward again' appeared simultaneously, rather than consecutively. Conclusion: Women in 40's and 50's require holistic nursing intervention with physical, psychological, socio-economical, and spiritual aspects, rather than focusing on problematic physical symptom relief and prevention of further conditions. It is recommended to develop various nursing intervention considering on different environment, type of experience, and level of human becoming, individually.