• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.424-435
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• 2016

Purpose: This study examined knowledge about cardio-cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and its relationship to health behaviors among middle-aged postmenopausal women with CVD risk factors. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional descriptive study. One hundred and thirty-six postmenopausal women were recruited from outpatient departments of four hospitals. The women were $60.69{\pm}6.5$ years old. Self-reported questionnaires were administered, and waist-hip ratios (WHR) were measured. Results: Among the women, 72.8% reported hypertension, 19.1% reported diabetes, 33.8% reported hypercholesterolemia, and 24.2% reported angina pectoris. Moreover, 73.9% of the women reported not knowing of CVD prevention, and only 26.1% reported exercising regularly. A majority of the women (80.9%) had a WHR > 0.85. Multiple linear regression analysis after adjusting for age and marital status indicated that the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke increased (p<.001). Waist-hip ratio${\leq}0.85$ (p=.022) and living with family members (p=.006) were significant predictors of healthier behaviors ($R^2$=0.21, p<.001). Knowledge of CVD and health behaviors were not correlated. Conclusion: Obese women and women who live alone are no more likely to practice health behaviors aimed at CVD prevention than their counterparts in the sample. Education and exercise interventions are needed, especially for obese women, to promote healthy behaviors among middle-aged postmenopausal women with CVD risk factors.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.929-938
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• 2024

This study examined the effects of a 12-week combined exercise program on blood lipids, albumin, and free fatty acid (FFA) levels in obese, middle-aged women, aged 55-64, who were within five years post-menopause. The participants were divided into two groups: a moderate-intensity exercise group (MIG, n=10) and a high-intensity exercise group (HIG, n=10). Both groups performed resistance exercises using elastic bands and aerobic walking on treadmills three times a week for 60 minutes per session. Data analysis involved calculating the mean (M) and standard deviation (SD) for each measurement item. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to assess interaction effects between groups and periods. Paired t-tests were conducted to evaluate within-group differences over time, and independent t-tests were used to compare between-group differences. The statistical significance level was set at .05 for all analyses. Results showed a significant interaction effect for triglycerides (TG) among the blood lipids (p<.05). No statistically significant difference was found in albumin levels. FFA levels significantly decreased in both groups due to the interaction effect (p<.05), with a more pronounced decrease in the MIG group. These findings indicate that regular exercise is effective in improving and preventing obesity in post-menopausal, obese middle-aged women. Notably, moderate-intensity exercise had a more substantial impact on TG and FFA levels compared to high-intensity exercise. Therefore, continuous moderate-intensity exercise is recommended to improve obesity and promote a healthy lifestyle before transitioning into old age.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.1100-1106
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of Hatha Yoga exercise on serum leptin and metabolic syndrome factors in obese and menopausal middle-aged women. The subjects were 26 obese women divided into the Hatha Yoga exercise group (n=13), which trained for 16 weeks, and the Control group (n=13). Variables of body composition, serum leptin and metabolic syndrome factors were measured in all the subjects before and after the 16-week Hatha Yoga training. The results of the study in the Hatha Yoga group were as follows: body weight, % fat, BMI, WC, WHR and VFA had significantly decreased, but SMM had increased. HDL-C had significantly increased, but leptin, TC, TG, LDL-C, insulin, glucose and HOMA-IR had decreased. The main variables affecting changes in VFA were % body fat, BMI, WHR, TC, LDL-C, glucose, and HOMA-IR. Therefore, regular and continuous Hatha Yoga exercise was effective in improving body composition, visceral fat and serum lipids. Consequently, Hatha Yoga exercise will be effective in preventing cardiovascular disease caused by obesity in obesew and menopausal middle-age women.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.200-208
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of isometric exercise based MNIT treatment on body composition, blood lipids, leptin and CRP in middle-aged obese women. For this purpose, middle-aged obese women (age: 40-50) with more 30% of body fat percentage in U city were recruited. They were divided into MNIT group(MG, n=9) and control group(CG, n=9). MNIT group was performed hand therapy program with abdomen exercise equivalent to RPE (9-11) (week 1-4) and exercise equivalent to RPE (11-12) (Week 5-8) and exercise equivalent to RPE (12-13) (week 9-12) 60 minutes a day for 3 days a week in 12 weeks. The results of this study were as follows: Body weight, fat mass, and body mass index had a significant lower in MG group than CG. There are no significant changes in blood profiles, and leptin. In conclusion, isometric based on MNIT may lead to development of an alternative therapy for middle-aged obese women.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.307-315
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• 2016

This study was built to figure out the changes in Cortisol, Free fatty acids and muscle damage indicators, by conducting eight-week interval Taekwondo programs to obese women in their middle age. The exercise programs was consisted of 40 minutes interval Taekwondo workout each time, using the movement of the 80-85% of HRmax intensity. Overall, we got the following conclusions as a result of the conduct. First, Cortisol decreased before and after the 8 week interval, but it did not show a significant change. Second, the FFA showed a significant change by decreasing before and after the 8 week interval. Third, the muscular damage indicators showed a small decrease before and after the Taekwondo workout, but didn't show a significant change. Ultimately, the interval Taekwondo program didn't have a significant effect on improving stress tolerance, stress resistance and protecting muscle injuries, but can be effectively used to increase the lipid oxidation ability.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.379-391
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: We investigated the associations between eating away from home (EAFH) and overweight and obesity among Ugandan adults using the 2014 Uganda non-communicable disease risk factor survey. SUBJECTS/METHODS: In total, 3,025 participants aged 18-69 years were included in the analysis. The frequency of EAFH was assessed by asking participants the number of meals eaten per week that were not prepared at a home. EAFH frequency was categorized as; less than once/week, 1-2 times/week, or ≥ 3 times/week. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations between overweight, obesity, and EAFH. We also tested whether sex and age modified these associations. RESULTS: Participants that ate away from home ≥ 3 times/week were 2.13 times more likely to be obese than those that ate away from home less than once/week (odds ratio [OR], 2.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28-3.54). However, when the analysis was stratified by sex, women that ate away from home ≥ 3 times/week were 42% less likely to be overweight than those that ate away from home less than once/week (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.36-0.94). Men that ate away from home ≥ 3 times a week were 3.89 times and 2.23 times more likely to be obese and overweight, respectively, than those that ate away from home less than once/week (obesity: OR, 3.89; 95% CI, 1.50-10.09; overweight: OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.42-3.51). Age-stratified analysis showed that among participants aged 31-50 years, those that ate away from home ≥ 3 times a week were 3.53 times more likely to be obese than those that ate away from home less than once/week (OR, 3.53; 95% CI, 1.69-7.37). CONCLUSIONS: Frequent EAFH was positively associated with overweight and obesity among men, and obesity among young/middle-aged adults, but negatively associated with overweight in women. Nutritional interventions for obesity reduction in Uganda should include strategies aimed at reducing the frequency of eating meals prepared away from home, and specifically target men and young/middle-aged adults.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.59-69
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• 2004

1. Objectives This research is to ascertain relations between the Sasang Constitution and characteristics of the eating attitudes, mental state, body composition, various examination results of obese middle-aged women. 2. Methods The subjects were 31 female patients whose BMI(Body Mass Index) was over $25kg/m^2$ and age was 35~55. It was analysed statistically the results of EAT(The Eating Attitudes Test), DEBQ(Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire), BDI(Beck Depression Inventory), STAI(State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), body composition analyser, biochemistry, abdominal ultrasonography, mammography which was surveyed from them. 3. Results and Conclusions 1)There was no relation between the Sasang Constitution and the eating attitudes, eating behaviors. But Taeumin got statistically lower score than Non-Taeumin in 23rd question for emotional eating and 33rd question for environmental eating of DEBQ 2)On the mental state, Taeumin got statistically lower score than Non-Taeumin in BDI, STAI-S 3)On the body composition, Taeumin got statistically higher value than Non-Taeumin in BMI. Soyangin got statistically lower value than Non-Soyangin in BMI, left upper limb water, soft lean mass, body water, trunk water. 4)On the various examinations, Taeumin got statistically lower value than Non-Taeumin in serum albumin. Soyangin got statistically lower value in BMI and higher frequency in gallstone, breast nodule than Non-Soyangin. 5)It was thought that Taeumin's obesity is managed by controling physical factor such as excessive 'Gathering Qi(吸聚之氣)' rather than eating attitudes and psychological factor.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.307-319
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• 2024

Purpose: This study compared the differences in health and dietary characteristics between middle-aged men and women according to their health-related quality of life. Methods: This study used the data from the 2019 and 2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The participants were men (n = 1,571) and women (n = 2,179) aged 40-59. A health-related Quality of Life Instrument with eight items (HINT-8) was used to measure the health-related quality of life. The participants were divided into four groups based on their HINT-8 total scores (high, mid-high, mid-low, and low). The general and health characteristics, mental health, and dietary behaviors were compared according to the quality of life. Results: Men with a lower quality of life had lower incomes, were more likely to be single, smoked and drank more, and perceived themselves as slim or obese. Women with a lower quality of life had a higher proportion of older age, obesity, lower education and income, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. Both men and women with a lower quality of life had higher proportions of subjectively perceiving poor health, weight gain over the past year, and considering themselves as obese. Both men and women with a lower quality of life had lower consumption frequencies of vegetables/mushrooms/seaweed and fruits. Conclusion: Both men and women with lower health-related quality of life had lower incomes, higher rates of perceiving their health as poor, and consumed vegetables/ mushrooms/seaweed and fruits less frequently, but they showed different characteristics in other aspects. Therefore, policy development tailored to men and women is necessary.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.273-284
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• 2009

Purpose: The study examined obesity conditions and related factors in middle aged Korean women who had been diagnosed as obese based body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference (WC) measurement. Presently, BMI alone, WC alone, or BMI + WC were used as obesity measures. Methods: Subjects were 488 women 40~64 years of age living in one city, Korea. Structured questionnaires concerning general characteristics, health behavior practices, and chronic disease history were completed by each subject. Results: The proportions of obesity were 42.4% by BMI, 39.3% by WC, and 51.3% by the combination of both measurements. Chi-square test revealed significant associations of obesity with age, education level, menopausal status, frequency of excessive eating, and history of diabetes mellitus or hypertension. These associations were similar for the three measurement schemes. There was significant positive relationship between BMI and WC, whereas the relationship between BMI and WHR (waist-hip ratio) was not significant. Conclusions: The combination of BMI and WC measurement may be a valid way to evaluate the obesity status in middle-aged women. Developing an obesity management program that includes control of excessive eating, and consideration of menopausal status and history of chronic diseases would be prudent.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.25-39
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary intakes in middle-aged women(pre and postmenopausal) and relation to climacteric symptoms. We conducted the anthropometric measurements, climacteric symptoms survey, and dietary intake to assess the nutrient intakes. Also, dietary quality indices were evaluated. The subjects, over 40 years old, were 168 middle aged women(pre=74, postmenopausal=94), mean age was $48.9{\pm}3.6yr$. The anthropometric measurements showed that 59% of subjects were overweight and obese. Climacteric symptoms that were answered 'yes' in 50% plus in the subjects, were dry eyes, forgetfulness, difficult concentration, large joint pain(shoulder), fatique, backache, dry skin, joint pain(ankle and knee), dry mouth, dizziness, depression and lonesomeness, snore, morning stiffness, and hot flash. Some symptoms showed significant difference between pre and postmenopausal groups. The average energy intake was 1602.1 Kcal, which was 82% of the Korean EER. The subjects had lower vitamin A, riboflavin, folic acid, Fe, Zn and Ca intake than Korean RI. The lowest nutrient intake was Ca. The mean of food intake was 1294.2 g and MAR of diet quality indices was 0.83. In relation to dietary factors with climacteric symptoms, significant correlations have been found between total protein, animal protein, lipid, cholesterol and niacin intake and 'fatique', energy, carbohydrate, thiamin, vitamin B6, folic acid, vitamin C, Na, K and Fe intake and 'dry skin', Ca intake and 'difficult concentration'. Our results indicate that dietary factors(food and nutrients intake, INQ, NAR, MAR) may effect the prevention and reduction of some climacteric symptoms in middle aged women.