• Health Policy and Management
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.303-311
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• 2019

Background: Cerebrovascular disease is included in four major diseases and is a disease that has high rates of prevalence and mortality around the world. Moreover, it is a disease that requires a high cost for long-term hospitalization and treatment. This study aims to figure out the correlation between grip strength, which was presented as a simple, cost-effective, and relevant predictor of cerebrovascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease based on the results of a prior study. And furthermore, our study compared model suitability of the model to measuring grip strength and relative grip strength as a predictor of cerebrovascular disease to improve the quality of cerebrovascular disease's predictor. Methods: This study conducted an analysis based on the generalized linear mixed model using the data from the Korea Longitudinal Study of Ageing from 2006 to 2016. The research subjects consisted of 9,132 middle old age people aged 45 years or older at baseline with no missing information of education level, gender, marital status, residential region, type of national health insurance, self-related health, smoking status, alcohol use, and economic activity. The grip strength was calculated the average which measured 4 times (both hands twice), and the relative grip force was divided by the body mass index as a variable considering the anthropometric figure that affects the cerebrovascular disease and the grip strength. Cerebrovascular diseases, a dependent variable, were investigated based on experiences diagnosed by doctors. Results: An analysis of the association between grip strength and found that about 0.972 (odds ratio [OR], 0.972; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.963-0.981) was the incidence of cerebral vascular disease as grip strength increased by one unit increase and the association between relative grip strength and cerebrovascular disease found that about 0.418 (OR, 0.418; 95% CI, 0.342-0.511) was the incidence of cerebral vascular disease as relative grip strength increased by unit. In addition, the model suitability of the model for each grip strength and relative grip strength was 11,193 and 11,156, which means relative grip strength is the better application to the predictor of cerebrovascular diseases, irrespective of other variables. Conclusion: The results of this study need to be carefully examined and validated in applying relative grip strength to improve the quality of predictors of cerebrovascular diseases affecting high mortality and prevalence.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.201-219
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• 2017

This study was performed to test the socioemotional selectivity theory (SST) with Korean adults. According to SST, perceiving their life as limited, people are motivated to enhance their mood by regulating their mood in such a way to maximize the positive emotions and weaken the negative ones. Being founded on the dialectical constructs which assume the positive and negative sides of emotional experience coexist, Korean adults were supposed to be less motivated to maximize positive emotions and weaken negative emotions. Thus the elderly koreans might regulate emotions not in the direction of maximizing the positive emotions and weakening the negative ones, but in the direction of not being highly aroused. 166 youth, middle-aged, and elderly were asked to rate the frequencies of 31 positive and negative emotions they had experienced during the last month. In addition, they were asked to judge whether they weaken / adapt / maximize their emotions after experiencing positive and negative events. The elderly experienced less positive emotions as well as negative emotions than youth. Youth experienced emotions of high arousal more often than those of low arousal, but the elderly experienced emotions of high arousal less often. The responses of weakening their negative emotions and their positive emotions were largest in the elderly group. On the other hand, the response of maximizing their positive emotions were largest in the youth group. These results show that the elderly maintains emotional stability by weakening both positive and negative emotions of high arousal.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.81-91
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• 2019

Recently, the nation has been suffering from a variety of problems, such as the rapid aging of the population and the weakening of the family's role due to rapid industrialization, such as the problem of supporting the elderly or the decline in the quality of supporting them. Among them, the issue of supporting the sentiment of the elderly is a major issue in terms of the quality of the stimulus. The best solution would be to resolve this issue of emotional support through various physical and human support. However, due to various limitations, access to efficient utilization of resources is being sought, among which support efforts through the convergence of digital technologies need to be noted. In this study, we took note of the problems of aging population shortage due to aging phenomenon and the problems of the emotional side of the problem of declining quality of the service, and analyzed the types of digital technology applied to support the emotional side through the convergence of digital technology. Among them, the Commission proposed emotional support through smart speakers, confirming the possibility of supporting the elderly through smart speakers. In addition, the Commission proposed guidelines for smart speaker communication systems to support the sentiment of older adults by conducting an in-depth interview with the In-Depth interview with the evaluation of the usability of smart speakers for older people. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that it will be the basic data for designing a communication system when developing smart speakers to support the emotions of the elderly.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.227-239
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• 2021

The transition into a digital society has been accelerated in many aspects of our everyday social activities, and thereby, the unmanned order and payment system via kiosk has already has been seen commonly throughout the social community. Yet, the majority of the mid-to-elderly population have been experiencing difficulties utilizing this newly emerged unmanned system, resulting in the emergence of digital alienation among those age groups. In regard to this phenomenon, this study is intended to explore ways to improve the digital divide concerning the issues related to the unmanned order payment kiosks. In this process, the study involved close examination of various research perspectives on improving the digital divide and proceeded with the focus on both empirical and literature research on providing education on kiosk utilization. In addition, the study identified the limitations to the current kiosk education and proposed improved kiosk-education software UX that may help curtail the limitations. Through this, one was able to identify areas in which the efficacy of the education applied in kiosk usage and derived new measures that could improve the system. One anticipates having the results of this study put to use as research materials on educational service development to expand the opportunities of kiosk education for those mid-to-elderly age groups who experience a day-to-day digital alienation.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.281-289
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• 2022

As the aging of our society gradually deepens, the quality of the elderly care environment based on the elderly care model of the Silver Town space is gradually becoming the focus of everyone's attention. This study mainly studies and discusses the visual and behavioral characteristics of the elderly. In order to pay more attention to the special needs of the elderly in order to optimize the spatial environment, the design of visual experience design in the living environment of the elderly in Silver Town is designed. explore in depth Through this, the environment of the space is optimized so that the elderly can enjoy their old age in a comfortable environment. This study is based on visual psychology, environmental psychology, gerontology and other theories. Through the collection of related literature and field research on the elderly, the function and overall combination of the living environment of the elderly in Silver Town is studied, and the environment is organized. Based on the behavioral and visual needs of middle-aged and older people, a design method was proposed to strengthen the visual connection in space. In terms of visual experience, the lighting, colors, and materials of the environment are studied. Through a combination of theory and research and experiments, it is concluded that the elderly prefer plants with warm colors, high brightness colors, and geometric patterns. The design principle and design method of the visual experience in the Silver Town space are summarized.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.487-522
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• 2016

The main purpose of this research is to investigate Korean adolescents' perception of stress experiences, and related social support. To this end, adolescents were asked about stress events, as well as stress symptoms, in their lives. Also, the adolescents were asked about the people that provided social support and the types of social support provided. The participants were 952 Korean adolescents (Primary 219; Middle 280; High 212; University 241). Among the four measures (stress events, stress symptoms, social supporters, and types of social support), the measure of stress symptoms yielded a reliability of Cronbach α=.88, while the remaining three measures yielded an inter-judger reliability of 89.6%, Kappa=.87. The results were as follows. First, for stress events, the most frequent responses were related to Academic Achievement, followed by Career/Job, Family Relations, Friend Relations, Lack of Capacity, and Financial Difficulties. For high-school students the most frequent responses were related to Academic Achievement, while for university students Career/Job. Second, for stress symptoms there were significant differences among the groups, in that the high-school students showed the highest level of symptoms, while primary school students the lowest. Third, for social supporters, the most frequent responses were related to Friends, followed by Myself, Parents, Teacher, Siblings, and Seniors/Juniors. As the groups aged (from primary to university), support from Friends and Seniors/ Juniors increased, while support from Parents decreased. Fourth, for the types of social support, the most frequent responses were related to Emotional Support, followed by None, Advice, Supporter Directly Solved Problem, and Talked with Me. The highest frequencies of responses were found for Emotional Support among all groups. As the groups aged (from primary to university), Advice increased while Supporter Directly Solved Problem decreased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.1599-1608
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• 2008

This study aimed to assess the health status based on the anthropometric and biochemical measurements of middle-aged and elderly people living in Andong area. The subjects were 1,384 people (532 males, 852 females) aged 50 years and over (average 62.7 years). The mean anthropometric values for males and females were heights of 163.7 and 151.5 cm; weights 63.6 and 57.3 kg; body mass index (BMI) 23.6 and $24.9kg/m^2$; body fat 21.8 and 31.8%, respectively. Height and weight were lower, however, waist circumference (in female) and BMI were higher than those of the 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHNS). Obesity incidences of male and female subjects were 28.7% and 47.3% by BMI; 25.8% and 50.8% by % body fat; and 15.6% and 80.9% by waist circumference, respectively. Also, abdominal adiposity was very severe in female subjects of 50s. The mean biochemical measurements of male and female were as follows: systolic and diastolic blood pressure 136.9, 83.8 mmHg and 133.6, 82.5 mmHg; hemoglobin (Hb) 14.3 and 13.0 g/dL; hematocrit (Ht) 44.7 and 39.8%; blood albumin 4.15 and 4.04 g/dL; total-cholesterol 170.0 and 183.1 mg/dL; HDL-cholesterol 43.6 and 42.7 mg/dL; fasting blood glucose 96.7 and 93.0 mg/dL, respectively. Also, the prevalence of biochemically abnormal subjects according to each cut-off point of biochemical measurements were analyzed. The results for male and female were; hypertension 58.0% and 47.2%; iron deficient anemia 19.3% and 20.6% by Hb, 7.2% and 11.9% by Ht; hypoalbuminemia 9.8% and 11.7%; diabetes 12.0% and 10.2%; hypercholesterolemia 19.5% and 30.5%, respectively. From those results we found that hypoalbuminemia, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia were prevalent, and obesity in females of 50s, iron-deficient anemia and diabetes in males of 70 years and over were significant health problems in this area. Therefore, it seems to be necessary to examine their health status periodically and provide the appropriate health and nutrition education program, which includes low sodium intake, balanced diet, exercise and weight control, to prevent the occurrence of chronic diseases.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.889-900
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• 2003

This study was carried out to obtain information regarding eating habits, including health related behavior and health food consumption patterns. The subjects of this study were 149 men and 152 women residing in the Ulsan area. We obtained results by means of a questionnaire and an interview, and these were analyzed using the SPSS package program. The results of this study are summarized as follows The average age of the men was 47.6 $\pm$ 7.3 years and of the women was 47.3 $\pm$ 7.6 years old. The average height and weight of the men were 169.4 $\pm$ 5.5 cm and 67.7 $\pm$ 8.2 kg, respectively. Those of the women were 157.6 $\pm$ 5.0 cm and 58.2 $\pm$ 7.5 kg, respectively. The BMI values of all the subjects ranged from 20.0 to 25.0, all within the normal levels. In the case of dietary patterns, 24.3% of the total population always skipped a meal. In particular, 15.9% of the total population skipped breakfast. No time to eat, no appetite, having no taste, and having poor health were themain reasons for skipping meals. With regard to health care, there was a significant difference between the men and the women with respect to smoking and drinking (p<0.001). Of the total population, 40.5% hardly exercised (less than once a week), 26.2% exercised occasionally, 13.6% frequently exercised, and 19.6% exercised almost every day. A total of 60.7% responded that they were not interested in their health. The mean eating habit score of the subjects was 65.6 $\pm$ 9.9. The women had a higher eating habit score than the men (64.0 $\pm$ 9.6 for the men and 67.2 $\pm$ 9.9 for the women). Except for one group above 60 years, the older group had a higher eating habit score than the younger one. The group having a higher income and a more specialized career had a higher eating habit score than the one having a lower income and a less specialized career. There was also a marital difference. The group of single subjects showed a lower eating habit score than the married group. The group having a higher eating habit score drank, smoked and went out for meals less, and exercised more than the group having lower scores. They also were more concerned about their health. In the older group, there were more diabetic and hypertensive individuals. The subjects who had a higher BMI index were more likely to be patients with hypertension, especially in the men's group. Those who had a higher BMI index and hypertension simultaneously took a variety of medicines and foods for promoting health. Those who worried a lot about their health and had health problems tended to take special foods for their health. Patients usually took tonics. Special foods for health included Chinese medicines, tonic foods, vitamin or mineral supplements and manufactured health food supplements. Preferences for them depended on the sex and age of the subject. In the case of tonic foods, the men liked them more than the women. Foods other than tonic foods were favorites with the women. This study may provide basic information on the eating habits and health related behaviors of middle-aged people. However, further studies are needed to improve the eating habits and to change the nutritional attitudes, so that people can make better choices of health foods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.998-1008
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• 2008

This study aimed to assess the nutritional status and the nutritional risks based on the food intake frequency and health-related behaviors of middle-aged and elderly people living in Andong area. Interviews were conducted with 1,384 subjects (532 males, 852 females) aged 50 years and over. Nutrient intakes, food intake frequency, and health-related behaviors including smoking, drinking, and exercise were investigated. The average energy intakes were 1410.5 kcal for males and 1279.2 kcal for females, and the percentages of the subjects consuming below the estimated energy requirement (EER) were 92.5% and 88.4%, respectively. The least consumed nutrients compared to the estimated average requirement (EAR) were riboflavin (92.5% for males, 89.6% for females), folic acid (89.7%, 88.5%), and calcium (78.9%, 85.8%), in order. According to the food intake frequency survey, the intakes of meat, fish and vegetable (except kimchi) were very poor, and this low intakes of meat and fish showed as poor status of protein, niacin, vitamin $B_6$, and zinc intakes. Health-related behaviors data showed that the ratio of cigarette smokers, especially male, was higher, while the ratio of the person exercising regularly was lower than that of the nationwide statistics, respectively. Cigarette smoking and drinking were not significantly related to the poor nutrition intake, while regular exercise positively influenced nutrient intakes in female subjects. These results showed that the nutritional status of the subjects was likely to be severely deficient and the low intakes of meat and fish to be highly related to the increase of nutritional risk. Therefore, in order to prevent the occurrence of the secondary disease related to the food intake and health-related behaviors of the subjects, the proper educational program on balanced dietary intake and the correction of health-related behaviors should be developed and applied to this area.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.269-276
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• 2017

In this study, a test was conducted to examine the effects of micro-needle therapy (MTS) and cosmetics containing spirulina on improving the skin tone, skin hydration, hyper-pigmentation, and fine lines of middle-aged women in their 40s and 50s and to propose an effective skin care method. The subjects were divided into a control group of eight people who used serum and cream mask that does not contain MTS and spirulina, and an experimental group who used serum and cream containing MTS and spirulina. The test was conducted with six 30-minute sessions for one week. The change in skin was measured over three times in the week of the test, after six weeks of the test, and two weeks after the test had finished. The result showed that after six weeks of the test, in the experimental group, the skin tone (color brightness, saturation brightness, skin brightness) and moisture showed a significant increase (p<0.05), while the number of small hyper-pigmentation and large hyper-pigmentation, as well as the length of crow's feet, melanin, erythema showed a significant reduction (p<0.05). No significant differences in fine lines under the eyes and length of crow's feet were observed. Two weeks after the test was finished, the experimental group showed a significant decrease in the length of crow's feet and melanin (p<0.05), and a significant increase in skin brightness and moisture (p<0.05). Even after the test was completed, the skin brightness, fine lines, melanin, and moisture improved continuously. In conclusion, skin care using MTS and cosmetics containing spirulina was more effective on improving the skin tone, hydration, hyper-pigmentation, and fine lines, than skin care without using them.