• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2013

Present study analyzes the rooftop gardening status, floristic composition and cost and return of the rooftop garden in Sylhet City Corporation of northeastern Bangladesh. Data was collected from 450 rooftop gardeners randomly during July-September 2010. Study reveal that rooftop gardening is generally for mental satisfaction (95.3%) followed by leisure time activity (87.8%) in the study area and almost all the family members of gardeners' were involved; while collection of planting materials, sites preparation and marketing of products were reported to be carried out by males only (male 71.33%). Middle income classes were most interested in rooftop gardening (43.78%). The survey recorded 53 plant species (35 families) of which Cucurbitaceae family represented highest eight species. Shrubs (28%) were highest followed by herbs (26%) among agri-crops (36%) and flower species (30%). About 89% of the rooftop gardeners procured planting materials from nursery, market, fair, neighbor, relative and friends and they mostly prefer to use seedlings (48%) for roof gardening followed by direct seed sowing (21%). Gardeners sell products sporadically in different local markets, directly or through intermediaries, with no uniform pricing for system. Rooftop gardening improves the food security and meet nutritional deficiency to the gardeners. Survey revealed that generally very few people consider rooftop gardening commercially to get profit and from the cost-return analysis this gardening system can be economically viable if proper and scientifically managed. The study conclude that active government and NGOs could play vital role to increasing this activities by providing training and motivate people with technical aspects of rooftop gardening.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.49
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• pp.425-464
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• 2017

The Knowledge of the Channel (e) is often used as educational materials; it delivers very short but compelling message of strong or interesting timeliness. However, as the media environment changes, expectations and demands for The Knowledge The Knowledge of the Channel (e) is used in school education and what should be improved upon to increase utilization of educational resources. We surveyed 361 elementary, middle and high school teachers and analyzed the frequency of using, approach and learning activities of The Knowledge of the Channel (e) in school education. We also analyzed difficulties in using it in the school and what improvements should be made. Result show that the frequency of using The Knowledge of the Channel (e) in school is highest in elementary schools, followed by middle school, and then high school. Teachers strongly consider curricular relevance when selecting broadcasting contents for education, and among programs of EBS(Educational Broadcasting System), most frequently use The Knowledge of the Channel (e). The The Knowledge of the Channel (e) is mainly used as an incentive for increasing motivation. When examined by elementary school curriculum, this material is highly utilized in subjects with content such as society, morality, and science, or with approaches that require various perspectives. However, it is difficult for teachers to find materials directly related to their classes, and since other media content similar to The Knowledge of the Channel (e) is abundant, the utilization of The Knowledge of the Channel (e) is decreasing. To improve this, The Knowledge of the Channel (e) needs to improve its platform and transformed the type of The Knowledge of the Channel (e) content being provided on social media.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.161-171
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• 1998

The effects of computer-assisted instruction (CAl) using molecular-level animation upon students' conceptions, attitudes toward science instruction, and learning motivation were investigated. Treatment and control groups (2 classes) were selected from a girls middle school in Seoul, and taught about the motion of molecule for 5 class hours. Before instruction, the short-version Group Assessment of Logical Thinking (GALT) and the Patterns of Adaptive Survey were administered, and the grade for the previous science course was obtained. The GALT score was used as a blocking variable, and the others as covariates. After the instructions, the researcher-made conceptions test, the test of attitudes toward science instruction, and the motivation questionnaire were administered. The perception questionnaire of CAl was also administered to the treatment group. Although more students in the CAl group had sound understanding about the motion of molecule, the scores of the conceptions test for the two groups were not significantly different at .05 level of significance. The students in the CAl group, however, were found to have more positive attitudes toward science instruction and learning motivation. In the perception questionnaire of CAl, most students in the treatment group exhibited positive attitudes toward the CAl. However, some students mentioned that they were disturbed by noisy environments, and that they could not understand some content presented. Educational implications are discussed.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.91-100
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• 2024

The use of smart devices in science classes has brought about positive changes, such as increased student participation and more self-directed learning. Smart devices are increasingly being used in science classes, creating a need to develop lesson models that can stimulate students' interest and encourage active, self-directed learning in scientific inquiry and experimental activities. In smart education, smart devices and applications play a major role. However, in the "Mixture Separation" section of middle school science, chromatography focuses mainly on paper chromatography, which is not currently used in the field of actual research. This approach is not well-suited for students preparing for a new future society, and it is becoming obsolete due to curriculum revisions. Although chromatography can be used as an activity for career exploration, removing it is not convincing. The advantage of using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), which is employed in actual research, is that it is inexpensive and easy to use in classroom settings. In this study, we have developed a new, faster, and simpler analysis method for TLC that uses smart devices for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. We hope this method will enhance student engagement and facilitate small-scale learning by integrating smart devices into learning activities, making it a practical tool for actual school settings.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.3-10
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to analyze STEAM learning/teaching program that relates robots and to develop and redesign STEAM teaching/learning program with a robot for elementary and secondary schools. 'Learning with a robot' is considered as one of the best candidates for STEAM education. This article mainly concerns a robot that can be helpful to improve students' interests in learning science and mathematics in schools. As the results of the STEAM learning/teaching program analyzing, the program for elementary schools contained more contents of liberal arts and fine arts, and the program for secondary schools contained more contents of science, technology, and math. In the middle school program, context for learning, class activities of creative design and emotional touch, evaluation, and job and career information were evenly implemented. In the elementary and high school program, there were few information about robotics career. We extracted all robot utilizable subjects and units from school curriculums, and redesigned contents which can be applicable to regular classes for schools. As the result of this study, we conclude that 'learning with a robot' can encourage students' interests in STEM area.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.107-130
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics that indicate scientifically gifted students by analyzing the verbal interactions in developmental biology inquiry-experimental classes. The subjects were 20 first-grade middle school students who were participating in SNU Science Gifted Education Center. In these experimental classes which were developed based on the CPS Model, we conducted a total of four experimental sessions of small group discussions, and the students' verbal interactions were both taped and video recorded, and observed. From the transcriptions, the patterns of question-answer and the characteristics of scientifically gifted students were analyzed. In the case of question-answer patterns, thinking questions appeared 3~6 times more frequently than the standard information questions. Especially, the case of experimental class I showed 40% more thinking questions as well as standard information questions that the other 3 classes. Through the results of analysing verbal interactions, we were able to find more detailed aspects to creativity that were not identifiable in paper-pencil examinations, as well as affective characteristics such as task commitment and leadership. We believe our findings upon inquiry will be of substantial significance in substituting for the paper-pencil examination in distinguishing and selecting scientifically gifted students.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.57-77
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• 2014

A longitudinal study traced changes in students' understanding of Nature Of science (NOS) through the public secondary science education in Ontario Canada. Although the concepts of NOS are complicated, and students' understandings are not easy to change, not many longitudinal studies have been done across the world. The current study tried to identify the changes of participating students' understandings of NOS for two and half years of public secondary science education in Ontario Canada. Pretest was administered using Views of Nature of Science (VNOS-C) when six participants graduated from a middle school of Toronto. Two and half years of secondary education, the posttest was carried out using the same instrument. After pre and posttest, probing interviews were performed. The analysis of the data was founded on the Standards and the conceptual framework for this study. The findings were that the initial views have little changed. Most examples and explanations the participants provided were from their science classes. Lab activities for confirming the existing laws and theories and observable photos in science textbooks made students regard the knowledge as a truth. Naturally, their knowledge has been expanded for 2 and 1/2 years, but this expansion of scientific knowledge led students toward Universalist views on science. On the other hand, when science was presented with a historical approach or was networked with other concepts, students acknowledged science and scientific knowledge had been induced from inferences as well as observations and experimental results. Based on the findings the authors of this research suggest that educating the knowledge of science should be historical and networked approaches rather than teaching the knowledge as concise and true statements of the nature.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.289-302
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• 2022

This study examined the effect of private educational expenditure on adolescent depression and somatic symptoms. The sample comprised 2,589 first-grade middle-school students who completed the 2018 Korea Children and Youth Panel Survey. Data were analyzed using ANOVA (the generalized linear model), multiple regression, and quantile regression analysis. The principal results were as follows. First, 15.15% of adolescents reported depression symptoms, and 15.57% reported somatic symptoms. Second, levels of depression were significantly different among classes with a different level of private educational expenditure. Third, depression level was significantly negatively associated with private educational expenditure, in that the higher the private educational expenditure, the lower the depression level. Fourth, the effect of private educational expenditure on adolescent depression was significant at the 70~90th quantile regression, suggesting that private educational expenditure was associated with a higher level of depression symptoms. The results indicate that private education was viewed as a consumption commodity rather than a complementary educational practice or investment in human capital. Private education as a commodity might induce the highly developed and costly private education market. In turn, there is an increased financial burden for education at one end of the social-economic continuum and depression caused by relative deprivation at the other end.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2000.11c
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• pp.569-577
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• 2000

The position of tobacco leaves is affluence to the quality. To evaluate its quality, sample leaves was collected according to the position of attachment. In Korea, the position was divided into four classes such as high, middle, low and inside positioned leaves. Until now, the grade of standard sample was determined by human expert from korea ginseng and tobacco company. Many research were done by the chemical and spectrum analysis using NIR and computer vision. The grade of tobacco leaves mainly classified into 5 grades according to the attached position and its chemical composition. In high and low positioned leaves shows a low level grade under grade 3. Generally, inside and medium positioned leaf has a high level grade. This is the basic research to develop a real time tobacco leaves grading system combined with portable NIR spectrum analysis system. However, this research just deals with position recognition and grading using the color machine vision. The RGB color information was converted to HSI image format and the sample was all investigated using the bundle of tobacco leaves. Quality grade and position recognition was performed through well known general error back propagation neural network. Finally, the relationship about attached leaf position and its grade was analyzed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.125-144
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the astronomical thinking level of elementary, middle, and high school students using ordered multiple choice items. For this purpose, we constructed a questionnaire comprising three items about spatial thinking and system thinking. This survey was conducted and applied to 1,066 students in the 5th grade, 8th grade, and 11th grade in 12 schools located in Gangwon Province. The collected student response data were analyzed by applying inferential statistics of classical test theory and Rasch model. The results of the analysis were as follows; First, in the level of spatial thinking, students were able to grasp the spatial location and orientation of the celestial body, but were not able to convert the celestial motion of two-dimensional plane into three-dimensional plane, and it was revealed that there is no statistically significant difference in the spatial thinking of students among grade levels. Second, in the level of system thinking, students were able to identify the components and relationship between components of the celestial motion system, but could not identify the patterns of the system, and it was revealed that there was statistically significant difference among the system thinking of students in different grade levels, unlike in spatial thinking. Third, the astronomical thinking expressed in certain context (content) was very similar regardless of grade level, Through this, we could confirm the context-dependency or content-dependency of the astronomical thinking of students. It is expected that the results of this study can be used as basic data for exploring ways to enhance astronomical thinking level in school science classes.