• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.41 no.7
• /
• pp.121-143
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to show general trends in the psychological environment of family and problem behaviors perceived by adolescents and examine possible changes in such trends in accordance with the individual variables of adolescent, and then find out the effect of these variables on adolescents' problem behavior. The subject were 1374 adolescents of middle school in Busan(male 698, female 676). The main results were as follows : (1) General trends in the degree of parental monitoring showed that girls had more high than boys, and in the degree of family discord, boys showed more high than girls. In the degree of openness of parent-adolescent communication perceived by adolescents showed that girls had more open communication with mother than boys. Such trends in problem behaviors indicated that adolescents had the attention problem most. According to gender, girls had more problems in withdrawal, somatic complain, anxiety/depression, thought problems, attention problems, destructivity/identity, internalizing problems, total behavior problems in comparison to boys. Boys did delinquent behaviors more than girls. (2) For boys, the monthly income of their family, family discord, and the mother-adolescent communication have a significant direct effect on internalizing problems, externalizing problems and total behavior problems. Besides mother's employment and the type of family have a significant indirect effect on behavior problem. For girls, mother's employment, parental monitoring, family discord, and father-adolescent communication have a significant direct effect on internalizing problems. Mother's employment, family discord, mother-adolescent communication have a significant indirect effect on externalizing problems and total behavior problems. Bisides mother's employment, grade, the type of family, dating have a significant indirect effect on behavior problem. (3) The variables to have a significant influence on the parental monitoring showed as the monthly income of their family, dating, mother's employment, the type of family, the family discord showed as mother's employment on the parent-adolescent communication showed as the type of family. (4) Family discord was the most powerful predicator of problem behaviors of middle school students.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.401-411
• /
• 2000

The objectives of the thesis were to investigate the general trends of clothing conformity and clothing attitudes and to figure out the relationships between clothing conformity and clothing attitudes, and differences of clothing conformity and clothing attitudes between different genders and ages. The conformity includes clothing conformity by informational influence, by identificational influence, and by normative influence. And the clothing attitudes are fashion interests, pursuit of individuality, clothing importance. It was turned out that three types clothing conformity were closely related with variables of clothing attitudes(fashion interests, pursuit of individuality, clothing importance). Particularly, the clothing conformity by normative influence was negatively correlated with pursuit of individuality. And other clothing conformities were positively correlated with the variables of clothing attitudes. It was also turned out that school girls marked high points on the clothing conformity by informational influence and by identificational influence. Middle school students were influenced by identification idol. Most of middle and high school students were believed to recognize the importance of clothing, and they were pursueing both fashion and individuality simultaneously.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.70-75
• /
• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Association between the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and obesity is universally a controversial issue. This study was undertaken to examine the beverage consumption pattern of Korean adolescents. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data was collected from the 2016 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey involving 65,528 adolescent respondents. A list of the most frequently consumed beverages was analyzed, and the consumption frequency of carbonated beverages, SSBs, and energy drinks during the past seven-days was assessed. The main reasons for the adolescents to consume the beverages were also determined. RESULTS: The beverage preference of adolescents were carbonated beverages (31.0%), 'fruit and vegetable beverages (17.7%)', 'milk (13.6%)', and 'coffee (12.7%)'. Carbonated beverages and SSBs were consumed more than three times a week by 27.1% and 41.1% of the respondents, respectively. About 86.2% of adolescents did not take of any energy drinks during the last seven-days. Taste was the most common reason that adolescents considered when choosing a drink. Carbonated beverages consumed more frequently by boys than girls, and high school students drank coffee more frequently than middle school students. CONCLUSIONS: Boys had a higher preference for unhealthy beverages than girls, whereas consumption of high-caffeine drinks was greater amongst high-school students than middle school students.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.582-592
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors related to eating breakfast for middle and high school students in Seoul using the Theory of Planned Behavior. Out of 2,280 questionnaires distributed to 22 schools, 2,060 were returned (90.4% response rate) and 1,899 were analyzed (83.3% analysis rate). Gender, self-perceived household income level and mother's working status were examined as demographic factors. "Attitude", "Subjective norm", "Perceived difficulty in access to breakfast", "Perceived time restriction" and "Self restriction to breakfast" were extracted as psychosocial factors as the results of factor analysis and reliability test using 17 items. In case of middle school students, boys were more likely to skip breakfast than girls. The students perceiving their household income level "low or middle low" were more likely to skip breakfast than those who perceived their household income level "high or middle high". The students whose mother had a job tended to skip breakfast than those whose mother had no job. In case of high school students, the students perceiving their household income level "low or middle low" tended to skip breakfast than those perceiving their household income level "high or middle high". The results of analysis of variance, all the psychosocial factors examined in this study-"Attitude", "Subjective norm", "Perceived difficulty in access to breakfast", "Perceived time restriction" and "Self restriction to breakfast"- were related to the frequencies of eating breakfast during weekdays in both the middle and high school students.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.658-670
• /
• 2005

Eyes to the Future (ETF) is a year-long, multi-age mentoring program that supports middle-school girls as they make the transition to high school and make informed choices about the opportunities available to them in high school and beyond, particularly in the field of science and technology. In this study, we explore the tension between fidelity and adaptiveness of an educational innovation by examining how teachers in several different schools used a common set of materials and technology to create "native" implementations of an innovative after-school program, adapted to their local setting. First, we found that the implementation of the program varied across the nine clubs. For example, some clubs put a heavy emphasis on science while others emphasized technology. Then, we identified four different profiles of the variations in implementation based on how close the implementation was to the original program and how much clubs were able to customize the implementation to meet their needs and interests. The results showed that some clubs could be regarded as successful because they were faithful to the original program and others were successful because they could adapt the program for their own context. This implies that the measure for success can be and should be multi dimensional.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.305-317
• /
• 1999

To understand and identity the meaning of sexuality in middle school girls and boys, the qualitative research was done. We made the in-depth unstructured interviews with 33 participants form July to October 1998. We analyzed the data according to the Collaizzi's phenomenological method. After repeated reading and interpretation of data, 15 themes and 7 basic structures were deducted. Followings were 7 basic structures: Physical touch and exposure. relationship with male and female, difference between male and female natural and inevitable life process, something should be hidden. interest and abstinence, and female as victim. According to above results, we would like to propose followings on the sexuality of middle school students : First, the research on the meaning of sexuality of high school and university students should be followed-up. Second. the measuring tool of sexual behaviour of the middle school students should be developed including the contents of 15 themes and 7 basic structures of this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.39-49
• /
• 1982

This treatise deals with teen-agers' tendencies in selecting clothes, upon the recent liberalization measures of dress restriction. in regard to girl students' uniforms inmiddle and high schools, effective 1983. Results of my poll of 430 inquirees on the subject is outlined as follows; The surveyees have a preference for wearing box-style upper garments with a round-neck line and ribbon/tie collar. They also prefer to wear shirt cuffs mainly in set-in sleeve style. A straight skirt silhouetting the body line is anticipated to be longer in length than the knee line by 2 or 3 cm's. A dressy or sporty look would be most welcome, too. The ensemble of blue jeans and T-shirt blouse would be usual wear during school attendance. The reason why they like to choose trousers is considered to stem from the unisex look in fashion rather economical and practical purposes. Clothes material tends to be natural fabrics, single-colored and non-patterned. Color needs to be in a subdued mood, tuned with the same color and of neutral tint. In styling, emphasis is to be placed on femininity. In particular, the middle school girls wish to intensify 'Har-mony' in style while the high school misses are concerned with 'Individuality.'

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
• /
• v.4
• /
• pp.97-115
• /
• 2003

Middle and high school girl students' menstruation characteristics, appearance of menstruation dysmenorrhea, and coping with the menstruation dysmenorrhea were examined in order to give information in instructing girl students about menstruation dysmenorrhea, in delivering health education in the school, and establishing health policy. 970 girl students in middle and high schools in Cheju-do were selected and surveyed using the questionnaire the author developed based on the previous studies. The findings are as follows. First, the age of first menstruation was average $12.9{\pm}1.22$ years. The younger they were, the earlier their first menstruation came. The most common menstrual cycle was such one that continuously irregular from the beginning or that regular and irregular cycle run together. The first irregular menstrual cycle changed regular one within 1 or 2 years. Most of the respondents had normal menstrual cycle of $21{\sim}35$ days and menstruation period of $3{\sim}8$ days. Second, symptom of menstruation dysmenorrhea was orderly; hurt in the underbelly, tired, hurt in the waist, and headache. It was higher with high school students than middle school students. For the most part, time of heavy menstruation dysmenorrhea was the 2nd day after menstruation starts and period of menstruation dysmenorrhea was 2 days. More than the half of the respondents felt that the present menstruation dysmenorrhea was similar with the first one and they felt not comport in daily life due to menstruation dysmenorrhea, and 'hard to live a normal life' was higher with the high school girl students than with the middle school students. Third, how to cope with menstruation dysmenorrhea was enough sleep, relax and rest, taking a hot water shower, listening to music or watching a movie, taking medicine, and doing excercise. Few of the respondents have ever visited a doctor due to menstruation dysmenorrhea, and the reason was mostly irregular menstruation and heavy dysmenorrhea. Forth, when they took medicine due to menstruation dysmenorrhea, they gathered information on the medicine from family members and friends, while extremely low from a pharmacist or a doctor. The most of them have ever took medicine during menstruation once and took standard dose. While excess dosage was higher with high school students than with middle school students. From these findings, a good many girls are experiencing menstruation dysmenorrhea since their first menstruation. To discover early the severely abnormal findings and to treat, more interest from home and school, counseling and sexual education on time, and expert's diagnosis are necessary. Rather than unconditionally taking pain-relievers which can plainly solve the pain, continuous health education at home and in the school should be carried on for the girls to practice proper measures one think effective or an expert recommends.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.103-111
• /
• 2009

Purpose: By analyzing factors related to suicide ideation of Korean middle and high school students, the purpose of this study was to multi-dimensionally understand suicide ideation of Korean middle and high school students and arrange the plans to prevent suicide. Methods: This study used and analyzed the data on ‘The 3rd (Year2007) Korea Youth Health Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYHRBWS)' conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In this study, we analyzed 74,698 respondents in total. SPSS 12.0 Program was used to analyze the survey. Descriptive statistics, Chi-Square Test and multivariate logistic regression were also used as research methods. Results: 23.8% of the Korean middle and high school students had suicide ideation during the last one year. Girls had higher possibility of suicide ideation by 1.51 times compared to boys. Students with poor academic achievement had more suicide ideation. In terms of health characteristics, students who perceived themselves as not healthy, and students with short weekday sleeping hours, more drinking experience and more smoking experience had more suicide ideation than others. Furthermore, students who perceived themselves as overweight or obese had more suicide ideation than other students. In terms of mental characteristics, students with high level of stress, low level of happiness and depression had more suicide ideation. Conclusion: As a result of this study, we found out that the factor that had the biggest influence on suicide ideation of Korean middle and high school students was depression. Consequently, active supports and policies to decrease suicide ideation of Korean middle and high school students are necessary. Therefore, active interviews, education for suicide prevention, and periodical screening inspection should be introduced in schools.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.170-182
• /
• 2014

The study surveyed the dietary behavior, food intake, and food preference for breakfast of elementary, middle, or high school students, a total of 354 boys and 305 girls. The students skipped breakfast due to no appetite, followed by no time. Elementary school students ate grains and potatoes more often than middle or high school students(p<0.05), and bap was the most frequently consumed cereals, with juk and tteok as the least. High school students ate meat, ham, sausage and boiled fish cake (eomuk) more often than the elementary or middle school students(p<0.05). Middle school students ate milk and dairy products as well as vegetables and fruits more often(p<0.05) than other foods. Preference for fish and fresh vegetables and salad was significantly high in middle school students. The score of dietary behavior was the highest in elementary school students, followed by middle and high school students(p<0.001). As the students advanced to the upper grade schools, breakfast skipping increased, with lowered dietary behavior scores. The results suggest that a variety of breakfast menus and recipes should be developed at home and schools by considering the preference of students in order to reduce breakfast skipping and to improve their satisfaction with breakfast.