• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.586-592
• /
• 1999

Microwave assisted extraction(MAE) is known as a more environmental friendly process with economic advantages in terms of less time, less solvent, less energy and less wastes than the current time consuming reflux method. It was applied to develop a rapid extraction method for soluble ginseng components that are major materials used for the processing of ginseng products. In a comparative study between pre established MAE(ethanol 60%, power 80 W, process time 4 min$\times$5) and current extraction method(ethanol 80%, temp. 85oC, time 8 hr$\times$5), MAE was more efficient than the current method to obtain an extract yield(soluble solid), but it was insufficient to extract individual ginsenosides, total phenols, reducing components and acidic polysaccharides. MAE with 80% ethanol by 5 times showed, however, that its extraction efficiency on soluble solid, crude saponin, major ginsenosides, and the other components was equal or superior to that of the current method, indicating that ethanol concentration is one of the critical parameters influencing the MAE process. The quality of ginseng extracts from MAE was assured by evaluating the corresponding standards and by comparing TLC and HPLC patterns with the control.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.75-83
• /
• 2017

The optimization and microwave assisted extraction of stem bark of Terminalia arjuna, quantitative estimation of the marker compounds arjunic acid and arjunolic acid using HPTLC and the evaluation of free radical scavenging activity has been performed in this study. The central composite design was used for optimization and the values of parameters for optimized batch of microwave assisted extraction were 1000 W (Power), 3 minutes (Time) and 1/120 (Solid/solvent ratio). The solvent system to carry out the HPTLC was toluene: acetic acid: ethyl acetate (5: 5: 0.5) and quantitative estimation was done using standard equations obtained from the marker compounds. The in-vitro free radical scavenging activity was performed spectrophotometrically using ascorbic acid as standard. The value of estimated percentage yield of arjunic acid and arjunolic acid was 1.42% and 1.52% which upon experimentation was obtained as 1.38% and 1.51% respectively. The DPPH assay of the different batches of microwave assisted extraction and marker compounds taken suggested that the marker compounds arjunic acid and the arjunolic acid were responsible for the free radical scavenging activity as the batch having the maximum percentage yield of the marker compounds showed best free radical scavenging effect as compared to standard ascorbic acid. The $IC_{50}$ value of the optimized batch was found to be 24.72 while that of the standard ascorbic acid was 29.83. Hence, the yield of arjunic acid and arjunolic acid has direct correlation with the free radical scavenging activity of stem bark extract of Terminalia arjuna and have potential to serve as active lead compounds for free radical scavenging activity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제40권4호
• /
• pp.415-422
• /
• 2016

Background: Rare ginsenosides in Panax quinquefolius L. have strong bioactivities. The fact that it is hard to obtain large amounts of rare ginsenosides seriously restricts further research on these compounds. An easy, fast, and efficient method to obtain different kinds of rare ginsenosides simultaneously and to quantify each one precisely is urgently needed. Methods: Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was used to extract nine kinds of rare ginsenosides from P. quinquefolius L. In this article, rare ginsenosides [20(S)-Rh1, 20(R)-Rh1, Rg6, F4, Rk3, 20(S)-Rg3, 20(R)-Rg3, Rk1, and Rg5] were identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. The quantity information of rare ginsenosides was analyzed by HPLC-UV at 203 nm. Results: The optimal conditions for MAE were using water as solvent with the material ratio of 1:40 (w/v) at a temperature of $145^{\circ}C$, and extracting for 15 min under microwave power of 1,600 W. Seven kinds of rare ginsenosides [20(S)-Rh1, 20(R)-Rh1, Rg6, F4, Rk3, Rk1, and Rg5] had high extraction yields, but those of 20(S)-Rg3 and 20(R)-Rg3 were lower. Compared with the conventional method, the extraction yields of the nine rare ginsenosides were significantly increased. Conclusion: The results indicate that rare ginsenosides can be extracted effectively by MAE from P. quinquefolius L. in a short time. Microwave radiation plays an important role in MAE. The probable generation process of rare ginsenosides is also discussed in the article. It will be meaningful for further investigation or application of rare ginsenosides.

• 대한화장품학회지
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.185-194
• /
• 2020

본 연구에서는 진생베리로부터 활성 성분인 ginsenoside Re와 Rb1의 함량과 항산화 활성이 높은 추출물을 얻기 위한 최적의 추출조건을 확인하였다. 70% 에탄올과 증류수를 추출 용매로 하여 교반, 초음파 및 마이크로파를 이용하여 추출한 후 ginsenoside Re와 Rb1 의 함량, 총 폴리페놀 함량, 항산화 활성 및 친환경적 제조 방법 여부를 고려한 결과 증류수 용매의 마이크로파 추출법이 가장 적합한 추출방법인 것을 확인하였다. 마이크로파 추출법의 최적 추출조건을 설정하기 위해 반응표면분석법(RSM)을 사용하여 마이크로파 출력량(50 ~ 200 W, X1), 용매와 진생베리의 비율(5 ~ 20 times, X2), 추출시간(30 ~ 120 s, X3)을 독립변수로 최적화 실험을 진행한 결과 도출된 회귀방정식의 결정계수는 0.9보다 높으며 p-value값은 0.05보다 작아 모델의 적합성이 확인되었다. Ginsenoside와 총 폴리페놀 함량을 위한 최적 추출조건은 마이크로파 출력량(200 W), 진생베리와 추출 용매 비율(20 times), 추출시간(90 s)로 확인되었다. 최적 추출조건에서 총 폴리페놀 함량이 6.23 mg GAE/g, ginsenoside Re 17.69 mg/g, Rb1 16.01 mg/g으로 예측되었고, 실제 실측검증에서 각각 6.33 mg GAE/g, 17.79 mg/g, 15.59 mg/g으로 예측된 값에 대하여 유사한 결과를 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제36권11호
• /
• pp.1465-1471
• /
• 2007

액상청국장의 추출공정별 청국장 추출물의 특성 비교 및 청국장의 최적 추출조건을 설정하고자 하였다. 용매로 물을 사용하여 추출한 액상청국장을 각각 마이크로웨이브 파워별(30, 60, 90, 120 및 150 W), 시간별(1, 5, 9, 13 및 17분)로 추출한 후 생리활성 실험을 수행하였을 때, 수율, 전자공여능, 아질산염 소거능, tyrosinase 저해작용, SOD 유사 활성 등의 생리활성 측정을 통해 추출 최적조건을 찾아내었다. 반응표면분석법을 이용하여 모니터링 한 결과, 액상청국장은 수율, tyrosinase 저해작용, SOD 유사활성이 일치하는 범위로 마이크로웨이브 파워 $55{\sim}75$ W, 시료에 대한 용매비 $2{\sim}5$ g/mL, 추출시간 $3.5{\sim}15$분으로 확인되었다. 예측결과에 의한 최적조건을 확인하기 위하여 예측된 최적조건 범위 내에서 임의의 조건을 대입하여 이화학적 특성을 예측해본 결과 액상 청국장에 대한 임의의 조건으로 시료에 대한 파워 60 W, 용매비 3.5 g/mL, 추출시간 13분을 설정한 후 액상 청국장에 대한 각각의 회귀식에 대입하여 얻은 예측된 최적값은 수율 24.99%, 전자공여능 75.42%, 아질산염 소거능 70.12%, tyrosinase 저해작용 15.69%, SOD 유사활성 36.16%로 실험값과 예측값 간의 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.168-173
• /
• 2021

본 연구에서는 마이크로웨이브 에너지를 이용하여 항산화성분을 다량 함유하고 있는 레몬그라스로부터 플라보노이드 성분을 추출하였다. 또한 반응표면분석법 중 중심합성계획모델을 이용하여 추출공정을 최적화하였다. 추출공정의 독립변수로는 주정/초순수의 부피비, 마이크로웨이브 조사시간, 마이크로웨이브 조사세기를 설정하였고, 반응치는 추출수율과 플라보노이드 함량을 확인하였다. CCD-RSM 분석 결과 최적조건인 주정/초순수 부피비(56.3 vol.%), 마이크로웨이브 조사시간(6.1 min), 마이크로웨이브 조사세기(574.6 W)에서 추출수율(17.2%)와 플라보노이드 함량(44.7 ㎍ QE/mL dw)의 결과를 얻는 것으로 나타났다. 이때 종합만족도는 D = 0.8562이고, P-value는 추출수율(0.037)과 플라보노이드 함량(0.002)으로 나타났다. 이 조건에서의 실제실험 결과 오차율은 5.0% 이하로 나타나 높은 유의수준의 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.723-729
• /
• 2019

Fagopyrum esculentum (Buckwheat) is a globally used alternative crop that contains several useful substances with various effects; however, many of these substances (rutin, quercetin, etc.) are water insoluble. To extract these substances, alcohols is required, which is inconvenient because these solvents cause diverse problems. Many studies are underway to achieve effective extraction of these substances with water. Among of these studies, microwave assisted water extraction (MAE) has been performed extensively. In this study, we performed the extraction in various solvents and/or microwave from Fagopyrum esculentum. The analysis of the content of useful substances and the bioactivity were performed and shown to increase in MAE. Liquid chromatography-mass was performed in order to identify of the useful water-insoluble substances. Catechin, quercetin, and rutin, which are all insoluble in water, were hardly extracted with water even on heating (4.4 ppb, 3.9 ppb and 60.3 ppb, respectively). However, MAE was found to extract much more of these substances than water (1204 ppb, 110.8 ppb and 2946 ppb, respectively). Although less efficient than alcohols, MAE showed much higher efficiency than simple water extraction. These results indicate that water extraction using microwave technology is effective in cases where it is difficult to extract useful substances using water.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.267-272
• /
• 2000

건고추로부터 올레오레진을 신소가게 추출하고자 기존 추출방법들에 비하여 신속성과 환경친화성이 인정되고 있는 극초단파 추출공정에 필요한 몇 가지 기본조건을 검토하였다. 극초단파 추출에서 건고추의 입자 크기는 60 mesh, 시료와 용매(에탄올)의 비는 1:10(g/mL)이 적당하였고, 에너지 용량은 50 W에서 올레오레진과 capsanthin에 대한 추출효율이 가장 높게 나타났다. 가용성 고형분은 에탄올농도가 낮을수록 증가하였으나 capsanthin 함량은 75% 이상의 에탄올 농도에서 높은 증가현상을 나타내었다. 극초단파에 의한 올레오레진과 capsanthin의 추출은 짧은 시간에 이루어지므로 1회 추출시간은 3~5분이 적당한 것으로 나타났다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.286-288
• /
• 2010

Plant tissue homogenization using a mortar or mechanical equipment has been the preferred method for obtaining high yields of total RNA; this method, however, is both time-consuming and expensive. Additionally, homogenization may generate excessive endogenous RNases, polyphenolics, and other substances that reduce the quality and quantity of RNA. In this study, we describe the microwave irradiation-assisted RNA extraction (MIRE) technique which, without tissue disruption and homogenization, allows for the cost-effective and rapid generation of intact RNA from apple cane shavings and the reliable detection of apple virus by RT-PCR.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.139-145
• /
• 2001

In this paper, a coaxial sample holder is proposed with its de-embedding and parameter extraction procedure. The S-parameters were measured up to 1 GHz using network analyzer, HP8753D, and N-type connector together with the de-embedding of N-type connector. The proposed de-embedding procedure is performed to extract electrical parameters of blood glucose, which gives the permittivity of blood glucose. We also analyzed the error of extracted parameters, which are caused by instrument error and geometrical error. Using these error analyses, we reduced the error factors of extracted parameters. We extracted electrical parameters of glucose samples through these all extraction procedure and confirmed the possibility of glucose diagnosis system based on microwave system.