• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.378-381
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• 2014

We studied the pasteurization effect of the microorganism involved in the water, using ion-exchanging filter made of the Radiation Induced Grafted Polymerization. This ion-exchanging filter is made by the graft polymerization of GMA, after irradiation of electron beam to the non-woven filter. Then, we made the ion-exchanging filter (EtA, DEA, SS) applying ion-exchanging base to the GMA filter. As a result, the density of the ion-exchanging base is shown as 2.38 mol/kg in case of EtA, 1.79 mol/kg in case of DEA and 0.75 mol/kg in case of SS. Through this filter made by this method, we measured the pasteurization power of E. coli. We found very high elimination rate such as log 4.65 in case of SS-dial filter, which is higher as 3.00 times in comparison with EtA, and 1.10 times in comparison with DEA. This data show the result is very excellent comparing with 3,000 CFU/ml. of city water treatment basis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.1230-1234
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• 2010

The effects of inhaling three essential oils (lavender [Lavendular angustifolia], silver fir [Abies alba], and grapefruit [Citrus paradise]) against restraint stress were investigated in mice. Serum cortisol levels were significantly increased in the 1h-restraint group. Also, silver fir and grapefruit oils prevented the elevation of cortisol levels under experimental conditions. Inhalation of 10% lavender oil for 30 min before inducing stress significantly inhibited restraint-induced hypothermia. We also investigated the effects of restraint stress on triglycerides, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. It was found that the concentration of triglycerides in the serum samples increased after restraint stress. Silver fir essential oil inhibited elevation of triglyceride levels. Taken all together, the correlation of herb essential oil inhalation against restraint stress in animals can partly be explained.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.354-361
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• 2010

Soil physico-chemical properties and microbial densities are affected by organic sources and soil amendment applied to improve soil environments or quality. Generally organic fertilizer effects on forage crops yield and soil properties are partly due to changes of soil composition. We investigated the effects of swine slurry (SS), swine slurry composting-biofilteration(SCB) and chemical fertilizer(F) with gypsum(G) combinations on soil physico-chemical properties and yields of summer forage crop in the Sukmoon reclaimed tidal land in Korea. The forage crops used in this experiment were corn and sorghum$\times$sudangrass hybrid(hereafter sorghum). Our results showed that the soil physico-chemical properties in the combined (F+G, SS+G, SCB+G) treatments increased contents of organic matter and exchangeable $Ca^{2+}$, but exchangeable $Na^+$, $K^+$ and $Mg^{2+}$ reduced to 1-10% for two forage crops, compared to non-combined (F, SS, SCB) treatment. The density of soil microorganism such as bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi, increased significantly by SS+G and SCB+G treatments. This means that treatment of combined organic fertilizer with G lowered salinity levels and improved with microbial growth. The combined treatments also increased the total yields 2.3-6.2% for corn and 2.0-8.7% for sorghum, compared with non-combined treatment. This experiment suggests the combined treatments could increase the total yields of summer forage crops and change of soil physico-chemical properties in the Sukmoon reclaimed tidal land in Korea.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.49-56
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• 2003

As a part of agricultural utilization of charcoal and pyroligneous acid, the effect of wood carbonization products on the growth of red pepper and soil microorganisms was investigated. The treatment of charcoal and pyroligneous acid provided good growth conditions to microorganisms through neutralizing soil acidity and improving the physicochemical properties of soil. Therefore the density of useful microorganism in the soil has been increased. In the growth of red pepper, the length, diameter, and the fruit numbers of red pepper have been increased by treating with wood carbonization products. It was especially shown that yield has increased about 50% in the fruit number, by treating charcoal 1kg, 1000 time-diluted solution of pyroligneous acid and bacteria, compared with the control. It was estimated that increasing the length of seedling and the diameter of red pepper stem contributed to the resistance against the prerequisites of various environmental changes in open field. Therefore, the final yield would be increased. In the antagonism experiment of red pepper mold (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), the mold became extinct in the 2- and 10-time diluted solution of pyroligneous acid, compared with the control. On the other hand, their growth speed was delayed in the 100- and 1000 time-diluted solution.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.16-26
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• 1993

A sundry system is one of popular systems for composting livestock manure, of which main honest is to utilize unlimited, clean, and free solar radiation. A sundry system with a composter of two horizontal screw-type concrete ducts at different height, was constructed and operated for three days for each test in May, 1993, to evaluate its composting performance. Four treatments of the mixture ratio of swine manure and saw dust (manure : sawdust= 1 : 1.25, 1 : 1, 1 : 0.7, 1 : 0.5) were implemented to evaluate the effect of the mixture ratio on degradation of the composting materials of a sundry system with a screw-type composter. Maximum temperature of the composting materials was over 5$0^{\circ}C$ at D1 or D2 (one or two days after operation starts) for each test. Mean C/N ratio and water contents of the materials were reduced by more than 15 and 20％, respectively. Microbial density of each test showed a typical variation with the lapse of the composting time. Mesophilic microorganism seemed to play more important role on degradation of the materials than thermophilic. A sundry system with a screw-type composter can be considered as a feasible system on basis of maturity data. The conclusion was completely reverse from that of Choi et at., although both adopted a sundry system. A further study is recommended to pursue the cause of better performance of the screw-type composter, whether it was due to affirmative weather or more efficient composter.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.442-450
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Psy-2A-CrtI (PAC), a genetically modified (GM) rice with enhanced ${\beta}$-carotene, on the soil microbial community. The soil used to cultivate GM rice and its wild-type, Nakdong, was analyzed for population density, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and pyrosequencing. It was found that the bacterial, fungal and actinomycetes population densities of the PAC soils were within the range of those of the non-GM rice cultivar, Nakdong. The DGGE banding patterns of the GM and non-GM soils were also similar, suggesting that the bacterial community structures were stable within a given month and were unaffected by the presence of a GM plant. The pyrosequencing result showed a temporal difference in microorganism taxon and distribution ratio, but no significant difference between GM and non-GM was found. The persistence of the transgene DNA in the plant and surrounding soil were investigated for different time periods. There were differences in the persistence within the plant depending on the gene, but they could not be detected after 5 weeks. Also the transgenes were not detected in the surrounding soil. These results indicate that soil microbial communities are unaffected by the cultivation of a PAC rice within the experimental time frame.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.221-234
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• 2021

During the previous few years, phenomenon of bioconvection along with the use of nanoparticles showed large number of applications in technological and industrial field. This paper analyzed the bioconvection phenomenon in magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer flow of a Powell-Eyring nanoliquid past a stretchable cylinder with Cattaneo-Christov heat flux. In addition, the impacts of chemical reaction and heat generation/absorption parameter are considered. By the use of appropriate transformation, the governing PDEs (nonlinear) have been transformed and formulated into nonlinear ODEs. The resulting nonlinear ODEs subjected to relevant boundary conditions are solved analytically through homotopy analysis method which is programmed in Mathematica software. Graphical and numerical results versus physical quantities like velocity, temperature, concentration and motile microorganism are investigated under the impact of physical parameters. It is noted that velocity profile enhances as the curvature parameter A and Eyring-Powell fluid parameter M increases but a decline manner for large values of buoyancy ratio parameter Nr and bio-convection Rayleigh number Rb. In the presence of Prandtl number Pr, Eyring-Powell fluid parameter M and heat absorption parameter ��, temperature profile decreases. Nano particle concentration profile increases for increasing values of magnetic parameter Ha and thermophoresis parameter Nt. The motile density profile has revealed a decrement pattern for higher values of bio-convection Lewis number Lb and bio-convection peclet number Pe. This study may find uses in bio-nano coolant systems, advance nanomechanical bio-convection energy conversion equipment's, etc.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.883-895
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of a fatty acid-balanced oil, instead of soybean oil, on reproductive performance, nutrient digestibility, blood indexes, milk composition in lactating sows, and fecal microbial composition in piglets. Methods: Twenty-four sows (Landrace×Yorkshire, mean parity 4.96) were randomly allotted to two treatments with twelve pens per treatment and one sow per pen based on their backfat thickness and parity. The experiment began on day 107 of gestation and continued until weaning on day 21 of lactation, lasting for 28 days. The control group (CG) was fed a basal diet supplemented with 2% soybean oil and the experimental group (EG) was fed the basal diet supplemented with 2% fatty acid-balanced oil. Results: The fatty acid-balanced oil supplementation increased (p<0.05) the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy in sows. The lower (p<0.05) serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and albumin levels of sows were observed in the EG on day 21 of lactation. Dietary supplementation with the fatty acid-balanced oil decreased the fat content, increased the immunoglobulin G level, and changed (p<0.05) some fatty acid content in milk. Moreover, the fatty acid-balanced oil supplementation changed (p<0.05) the fecal microbial composition of piglets, where the average relative abundance of Spirochaetota was decreased (p<0.05) by 0.55% at the phylum level, and the average relative abundance of some potentially pathogenic fecal microorganism was decreased (p<0.05) at the species level. Conclusion: The fatty acid-balanced oil improved nutrient digestibility, changed the serum biochemical indices and milk composition of sows, and ameliorated the fecal microbial composition of piglets.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.272-281
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• 2010

The objective of this research was to find out the weed management techniques in environment-friendly rice paddy fields through the study on herbicidal effects and problems of various organic materials. This experiment was conducted under different conditions of weed species and weed densities in environment-friendly rice paddy fields. There was no difference in weedy efficacy on golden apple snail (GAS), paper mulching (PM), and machine weeding (MW) between low and high weed densities. However, the effect of weed control in rice bran (RB) and effective microorganism (EM) + molasses was higher in high weed density than in low weed density. In general, the effect of weed control as affected by various organic materials was in the order of GAS (97-100%) > PM (93-98%) > RB (15-80%) > EM (7-31%). GAS provided excellent control of all weed species tested except for Persicaria hydropiper. PM gave acceptable control of the weed species except for Echinochloa crus-galli, Ludwigia prostrata, and Eleocharis kuroguwai. However, MW gave fair control (70% biomass reduction) of all weed species tested. BR followed by MW or EM followed by MW treatments had similar effect on weed control compared to each treatment alone. However, BR followed by GAS or EM followed by GAS provided 100% control of weed species tested. The level of rice foliar injury caused by various organic materials was in the order of GAS and MW (10-20%) > RB (10-15%) > PM and EM (5-7%). Typical symptoms of organic materials are wilting, inhibition of growth, missing hill, and reduction of tiller. Cost for weed control of GAS, RB, EM, and PM were 2.1, 3.1, 2.3, and 13.2 times higher than that of the herbicide. These data indicate that GAS was the best method for weed management in environmentfriendly rice paddy fields. Further study is required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the rice injury as affected by GAS.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.431-437
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• 1993

Active carbon which has the smallest bulk and wet density was found as the best support media among 4 different kinds of materials(celite, natural zeolite, Pusuk stone, active carbon) to make a proper fluidized-bed with small energy consumption. Its minimum and optimum fluidization velocity were found as 0.03cm/sec and 0.25cm/sec, respectively. As organic loading rate for methane fermentation was increased, CODcr removal efficiencies of all the media were decreased. But, CODcr, removal efficiencies of active carbon was maintained more than 90% in this experimental range of the organic loading rate. Larger amount of microorganism was adsorbed on the active carbon which has very high specific surface area. At the organic loading rate of 16g CODcr,/l day, its adsorbed cell mass was 157mg/g. Comparing natural zeolite with roast celite, adsorbed cell mass did not increase in proportion to specific surface area of the media. Even though roast celite has the same specific surface area as the Pusuk stone, its organic removal ability was superior to that of the Pusuk stone, which explains that the relatively great surface roughness and the positive surface charge are important for cell adsorption. It was concluded that the support media for anaerobic fluidized reactor should have small wet density and small fuidization velocity, if possible, in order to increase cell adsorption by reducing the fluid shear stress.