• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.301-308
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• 2009

Three Loxodes ciliates collected from estuarine littoral, wetland and small pond in Korea, were identified as Loxodes kahli Dragesco and Njin$acute{e}$, 1971, L. magnus Stokes, 1887 and L. vorax Stokes, 1885. The descriptions for these species based on living and protargol impregnated specimens were given. Morphometry, illustrations and microphotographs were also provided. Diagnoses of three species are as follows. Loxodes kahli; size in vivo $160-300{\times}40-70\;{\mu}m$; oral area with reddish to brownish pigments; 6-11 macronuclei arranged linearly; 5-9 micronuclei located near macronuclei; 4-12 M$\ddot{u}$ller's vesicles; somatic kineties on right 18-20 and left 2 in number. L. magnus: size in vivo $250-470{\times}87-15\;{\mu}m$; body colored dark brown; 5-13 macronuclei; 8-13 micronuclei; 8-18 M$\ddot{u}$ller's vesicles; somatic kineties on right 23-26 and left 2 in number. L. vorax: size in vivo $70-160{\times}20-35\;{\mu}m$; oral area with brownish pigments; 2 macronuclei; 1 micronucleus located between macronuclei; 2-4 M$\ddot{u}$ller's vesicles; somatic kineties on right 18-20 and left 2 in number.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2008

Two oxytrichid ciliates collected from the mosses and estuarine littoral in Korea were identified as Oxytricha longigranulosa Berger and Foissner, 1989 and O. marina Kahl, 1932. These species are reported for the first time from Korea. The description was based on living and protargol impregnated specimens. Diagnostic characters for each species are as follows. Oxytricha longigranulosa: Cell in vivo $80-115{\times}30-50{\mu}m$, mostly $90{\times}40{\mu}m$. Length/width ratio about 2.4/1. Cortical granules about $1{\times}1.5{\mu}m$ in size, colorless, arranged in short and discontinued longitudinal rows. Four frontoventral cirri. Adoral zone of membrane lies (AZM) covering 30-50% of cell length with 25-27 adoral membranelles (AM). Buccal area flat, typical Oxytricha pattern. Five transverse cirri, 19-23 right marginal cirri, 19-24 left marginal cirri, three caudal cirri, five dorsal kineties. Two macronuclear nodules 2 in number and spherical in shape, two micronuclei in number. Oxytricha marina: Cell in vivo $100-150{\times}30-60{\mu}m$. Cytoplasm colorless without cortical granules. Four frontoventral cirri. AZM covering 50% of cell length with 28-44 AMs, Buccal area flat, typical Oxytricha pattern. Five transverse cirri, 23-38 right marginal cirri, 19-25 left marginal cirri, three caudal cirri, five dorsal kineties. Two macronuclear nodules and spherical in shape, 1-5 micronuclei, mostly two in number.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.112-117
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• 1993

Background Radioiodine ($^{131}I$), a major component of nuclear fallout and a valuable therapeutic agent for thyrotoxicosis and thyroid cancer, has been regarded as a mutagen or a carcinogen without any convincing evidence. To evaluate the genotoxicity of radioiodine ($^{131}I$) we performed a micronuclei test in mice bone marrow. Materials and methods : Mice (ICR strain, $25{\sim}30 g$) were divided to 4 groups: control, group 1 (0.17 mCi/kg, usual therapeutic dose for thyrotoxicosis), group 2 (1.67 mCi/kg, usual therapeutic dose for thyroid cancer), and group 3 (16.67 mCi/kg, usual accumulated dose causing bone marrow suppression). $^{131}I$ was administered intraperitoneally. Ten mice of each group were sacrificed at days 1 and 3. Bone marrow were smeared and stained with May-Grunwald Giemsa method. One thou-sand polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) and normochromatic erythrocytes (NCE) were counted under the light microscope, and the number of micronucleated PCEs were recorded. Results : The frequency of micronuclei in PCE (and NCE in parenthesis) in the control group was $0.25{\pm}0.07$ ($0.23{\pm}0.07$)% in day 1 and $0.24{\pm}0.07$ ($0.21{\pm}0.07$)% in day 3. Those in group 1 was $0.27{\pm}0.1$ ($0.23{\pm}0.09$)% in day 1 and $0.28{\pm}0.07$ ($0.25{\pm}0.06$)% in day 3. Micronuclei was noted in $0.29{\pm}0.08$ ($0.26{\pm}0.09$)% in day 1 and $0.31{\pm}0.05$ ($0.29{\pm}0.06$)% in day 3 in group 2, and in $0.32{\pm}0.06$ ($0.25{\pm}0.09$)% in day 1 and $0.33{\pm}0.08$ ($0.3{\pm}0.06$)% in day 3 in group 3. There was no difference in the frequency of micronuclei between each groups (p> 0.05). Conclusion : Radioiodine ($^{131}I$) did not cause any genotoxicity in mice bone marrow even at the large dose (16.67 mCi/kg).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.16
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• pp.7129-7138
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• 2015

Background: The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), characterized by hyperandrogenism and chronic anovulation, is a common endocrine disorder in women. PCOS, which is associated with polycystic ovaries, hirsutism, obesity and insulin resistance, is a leading cause of female infertility. In this condition there is an imbalance in female sex hormones. All the sequelae symptoms of PCOS gradually lead to cancer in the course of time. It is heterogeneous disorder of unknown etiology so it is essential to find the exact cause. Materials and Methods: In this study both invasive and non-invasive techniques were employed to establish the etiology. Diagnosis was based on Rotterdam criteria (hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, PCOM) and multiparameters using buccal samples and dermatoglypic analysis and cytogenetic study for 10 cases and four age and sex matched controls. Results: In clinical analysis we have observed the mean value of total testosterone level was 23.6nmol/L, total hirsutism score was from 12-24, facial acne was found in in 70% patients with 7-12 subcapsular follicular cysts, each measuring 2-8 mm in diameter. In dermatoglypic analysis we observed increases in mean value ($45.9^{\circ}$) of ATD angle when compared with control group and also found increased frequency (38%) of Ulnar loops on both fingers (UU), (18%) whorls on the right finger and Ulnar loop on left finger (WU) and (16%) arches on right and left fingers (AA) were observed in PCOS patients when compared with control subjects. Features which could be applied as markers for PCOS patients are the presence of Ulnar loops in middle and little fingers of right and left hand. The buccal micronucleus cytome assay in exfoliated buccal cells, we found decrease in frequency of micronuclei and significant increases in frequency of karyolysed nuclei in polycystic ovarian syndrome patients. Chromosome aberration analysis revealed a significant increase in frequency of chromosome aberrations (CAs) in PCOS patients when compared with controls. Conclusions: From this present work it can be concluded that non-invasive technique like dermatoglypics analysis and buccal micronucleus cytome assays with exfoliated buccal cell can also be effective biomarkers for PCOS, along with increased CAs in lymphocytes as a sign of genetic instability. There is a hypothesis that micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations could have a predictive value for cancer. From this present work it can be concluded to some extent that non-invasive technique like dermatoglypics and buccal cell analysis can also be effective for diagnosis.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.153-160
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• 1997

The frequencies of ${\gamma}$-ray-induced micronuclei (MN) in cytokinesis-blocked (CB) lymphocytes at several doses were measured in three donors of human and C57BL/6 mice. Measurements performed after irradiation showed a dose-related increases in MN frequency in each of the donors studied. The relative sensitivity of mouse in spleen lymphocytes (SLs) compared with human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) was estimated by best fitting linear-quadratic model based on the radiation-induced MN data over the range from 0 cGy to 400 cGy. In the case of MN frequency with 0.2 per CB cell, the relative sensitivity of mouse SLs was 1.67. Compared with the radiation-induced MN formation in the PBLs of human, the SLs of mouse were more radiosensitive. Using this MN assay with human PBLs and mouse SLs, studies were performed to determine whether the water fraction of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer) against radiation-induced MN in human PBLs after in vitro irradiation (3Gy) and in SLs of C57BL/6 mice after in vivo irradiation (3Gy). The frequency of MN in human PBLs was reduced by water fraction of ginseng (0.5mg/ml of medium) both pre-and post treatment (p<0.0l) in vitro. In addition, the frequency of MN in mouse SLs was also reduced by pretreatment of ginseng (2mg/ml of drinking water for 7days) in vivo. The data suggested that the ginseng may reduce cell damage caused by ${\gamma}$-rays in vitro and in vivo. Further studies are needed to characterize better the protective nature of ginseng extract, its fractions and compounds.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.417-422
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• 2006

Cytogenetic and hematological analysis was performed in peripheral blood obtained from cattle bred in the high background radiation areas (HBRA, Goesan-gun, Cheongwon-gun, Boeun-gun) and a control area. The frequencies of gamma-ray induced micronuclei (MN) in the cytokinesis-blocked (CB) lymphocytes at several doses were measured in 3 cattle. An estimated dose of radiation was calculated by a best fitting linear-quadratic model based on the radiation-induced MN formation from the bovine lymphocytes exposed in vitro to radiation over the range from 0 mGy to 1,969 mGy. The measurements performed after irradiation showed dose-related increases in the MN frequency in each donors. The results were analyzed using a linear-quadratic model with a line of best fit of $y=(0.0583{\pm}0.0137)D+(0.0366{\pm}0.0081)D^2+(0.0093{\pm}0.0015)$ (y=number of MN/CB cells and D=irradiation dose in Gy). MN rates per 1,000 CB lymphocytes of cattle from the Goesan-gun, Cheongwon-gun, Boeun-gun and the control area were $6.50{\pm}2.72,\;9.00{\pm}4.50,\;10.89{\pm}4.23\;and\;9.60{\pm}4.70$, respectively. The MN frequencies of CB lymphocytes from cattle bred in 4 areas mean that the values are within the background variation in this experiment. The MN frequencies and hematological values were similar regardless of whether the cattle were bred in the HBRA or the control area.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.469-475
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• 2005

Cytogenetic and hematological analysis was performed in peripheral blood obtained from pigs bred in the high background radiation areas (HBRA) (Cheongwon-gun and Boeun-gun) and a control area. The frequencies of gamma-ray induced micronuclei (MN) in the cytokinesis-blocked (CB) lymphocytes at several doses were measured in three pigs. An estimated dose of radiation was calculated by a best fitting linear-quadratic model based on the radiation-induced MN formation from the swine lymphocytes exposed in vitro to radiation over the range from 0 mGy to 1,969 mGy. The measurements performed after irradiation showed dose-related increases in the MN frequency in each donors. The results were analyzed using a linear-quadratic model with a line of best fit of $y=0.0005404D^2+0.04237D+0.00833$ [y = number of MN/cytokinesis-blocked (CB) cells and D = irradiation dose in Gy]. MN rates per 1,000 CB lymphocytes of pig from the HBRA (Cheongwon-gun, Boeun-gun) and the control area were $6.70{\pm}2.36$, $9.00{\pm}3.50$ and $11.00{\pm}2.98$, respectively. The MN frequencies of CB lymphocytes from pigs bred in three areas means that the values are within the background variation in this experiment. The MN frequencies and hematological values were similar regardless of whether the pigs were bred in the HBRA or the control area.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 1995

Adaptive response induced by low dose ${\gamma}-ray$ irradiation in human peripheral lymphocytes was examimed. Human lymphocytes were exposured to low dose of ${\gamma}-ray$ (priming dose, 0.01Gy) followed by high dose (challenging dose, 1.5Gy) after various time intervals (4, 7, 20 hours). Frequencies of micronuclei were enumerated in both primed and unprimed groups. Maximum reduction in frequency of micronuclei was observed when challenging dose irradiation was followed by priming dose after 4hr incubation period. When challenging doses were irradiated 7 or 20hr after priming dose, frequencies of micronuclei were reduced slighty. However, these reduction were not statistically significant. In this study, human peripheral lymphocytes were irradiated at Go phase and they showed adaptive response induced by low dose radiation. Since micronucleus assay is relatively simpler and faster than other methods, it may be a good tool for evaluating radiation-induced adaptive responses.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.410-414
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• 1995

Adaptive response induced by low dese .gamma.-ray irradiation in human cervical carcinoma cells was examined. Cells were exposured to low dose of .gamma.-ray irradiation in human cervical carcinoma cells was examined. Cells were exposured to low dose of .gamma.-ray (1-cGy) followed by high doses of r-ray irradiation (0,1,2,3,5,7 and 9Gy for chlnogenic assay or 1.5Gy for micronucleus assay) with various time intervals. Survival fractions of cells in both low dose-irradiated and unirrated groups were analyzed by clonogenic assay. Surviva fractions of low dose-irradiated in cell survival was maximum when low and high dose irradiation time interval was 4 hr. Frequencies of micronuclei which is an indicative of chromosome aberration were also enutained from survival fractions analyzed by clonogenic assay, maximum when low and high dose irradiation time interval was 4hr. Frequencies of micronuclei which is an indicative of chromosome aberration were also enumerated in both low dose-irradiated and unirradiated groups. In consiststent with the result obtained from survival fractions analyzed by clonogenic assay, maximum reduction in frquencies of micronuclei was observed when low dose radiation was given 4 hr prior to high response to subsequent high dose .gamma.-ray irradiation in human cervical carcinomal cells. Our data suggest that one of the possible mechanisms of adaptive response induced by low dose rediation is the increase in repair of DNA double strand breaks in low dose radiation-adapted cells.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.209-219
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• 2005

This study was carried out to examine the effect of the DNA repair inhibitors, Cytosine Arabinoside(Ara C), 3-Aminobenzamide(3AB) and Hydroxyurea(HU) on the frequencies of radiation-induced micronuclei(MNi) and aneuploidy. Irradiated lymphocytes(1-3Gy) were treated with DNA repair inhibitors, Ara C, 3AB and HU for 3 hours and CBMN assay - FISH technique with DNA probe for chromosome 1 and 4 was performed. The frequencies of x-ray induced MNi and aneuploidy of chromosome 1 and 4 were increased in a dose-dependent manner. Ara C, 3AB and HU enhanced the frequencies of radiation-induced MNi and the frequencies of radiation-induced aneuploidy of chromosome 1 and 4 were enhanced by HU and Ara C while no effect was observed by 3AB. The frequency of radiation-induced aneuploidy of chromosome 1 was higher than that of chromosome 4. These results suggest that there are different mechanisms involved in the formation of MNi and aneuploidy by radiation.