• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.312-320
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• 1997

Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of DWP20349 and 20351, new quinolones, were examined in rats after a single intravenous and oral administration. Analyses of DWP20349 an d DWP20351 in plasma, tissue, and urine were determined by both HPLC and bioassay(microbiological assay). The plasma concentrations of the drugs declined biexponentially. The terminal half-lives ($t_{1/2\beta}$) of drugs were about 114 min (DWP20349) and 105 min (DWP20351) after intravenous dosing, and were 77 min (DWP20349) and 79 min (DWP20351) after oral dosing. The volume of distrbution at steady-state ($Vd_{ss}$) and total body clearances ($Cl_t$) of DWP20349 and DWP20351 were 760 ml/kg and 1126 ml/kg, and 5ml/min/kg and 10 ml/min/kg, respectively. The extents of bioavailability if DWP20349 and DWP20351 after oral administration were 29% and 28%, respectively. 24 h urinary recoveries measured by bioassay were 1.8% (DWP20349) and 1.3% (DWP20351) after oral dosing, and 2.4% (DWP20349) and 1.9% (DWP20351) after intravenous dosing. Plasma protein binding ratios ranged from 87%-90% (DWP20349) and 61%-68% (DWP20351). These drugs were highly distrbuted by the order of lung, kidney, liver and plasma (DWP20394), and lung, liver, kidney and plasma (DWP20351) after 1 hour orally administered.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.154-161
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• 2001

In recent years, colon cancer has been reported to be one of the most important causes of cancer morbidity and mortality in Korea. Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) used to ferment dairy products inhibits colon carcinogenesis. The present study was designed to determine whether the colon cancer inhibitory effect of LAB (Bifidobacterium longum Hy8001; Bif and Lactobacillus acidophilus HY2l04; Lac) of Korean origin, is associated with intestinal microflora composition and certain enzyme activity in rats treated with azoxymethane (AOM). At five weeks of age, SD rats were divided at random into four (AOM alone, Bif, Lac, and Bif+Lac) groups. Oral administration of lactic acid bacteria cultures were performed daily until the termination of the study. Two weeks later all animals were given a subcutaneous injection of AOM dissolved in normal saline at a dose of 15 mg/kg of body weight once weekly for 2 weeks. Every two weeks for 10 weeks, five of the rats in each group were randomly chosen for fecal specimen collection. The fecal specimens were used for assay of $\beta$-glucuronidase and nitroreductase, and analysis of intestinal microflora composition. The activity of $\beta$-glucuronidase which plays an important role in the production of the carcinogenic metabolite of azoxymethane was remarkably increased in the AOM alone group after AOM injection and maintained the high level during the experiment. However, LAB inhibited the AOM-induced increase in $\beta$-glucuronidase activity. Nitroreductase activity decreased by 30-40% in LAB treated groups in comparison with that of the AOM alone group. The results of the present study suggest that LAB inhibits colon carcinogenesis by modulating the metabolic activity of intestinal micro-flora and improving the composition of intestinal microflora.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 1994

The pcb genes of Pseudomonas sp. DJ-12 coded for the catabolism of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) and biphenyl. The products of the pcbCD genes were 2,3-dihydroxy-4'-chlorobiphenyl dioxygenase and meta-cleavage product (MCP) hydrolase, which acted on degradation of 2,3-dihydroxy-4'-chlorobiphenyl to 4-chlorobenzoate. The pcbCD genes were cloned in E. coli XLl-Blue, and then the pcbD gene was further subcloned. As a metabolite transformed from 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl by the cloned cell of E coli CU103, benzoate was detected by the resting cell assay. The enzyme activities of 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygease and MCP hydrolase produced in the cloned cells E. coli CU103 and CU105 were about 17 and 3 times higher than those of Pseudomonas sp. DJ-12, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.193-199
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• 2017

This study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Penicillium purpurogenum ED76 on several clinically important microorganisms. The endophytic fungus P. purpurogenum ED76 was previously isolated from Swietenia macrophylla leaf. The antimicrobial efficacy of P. purpurogenum ED76 dichloromethane extract was determined via disc diffusion and broth microdilution assay. A kill curve study was conducted and the morphology of extract treated bacterial cells were viewed under scanning electron microscope. The dichloromethane extract showed significant inhibitory activity on 4 test bacteria and 2 test yeasts. The minimal inhibitory concentration of the extract ranged from 125 to $1,000{\mu}g/ml$, which indicates the different susceptibility levels of the test microorganisms to the fungal extract. The kill curve study has revealed a concentration-dependent inhibition for all test microorganisms. With the increase of the extract concentration, the microbial growth was significantly reduced. The scanning electron micrograph of dichloromethane extract-treated Staphylococcus aureus cells showed the total damage of the cells. The cell wall invagination of the bacterial cells also indicates the loss of cellular materials and metabolic activity. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of the extract also showed that the major compound was stigmasterol, which constitutes 45.30% of the total area. The dichloromethane extract of P. purpurogenum ED76 exhibited significant inhibitory activity on several clinically important bacteria and yeasts. The study proposed a possible mode of action that the extract cause significant damage to the morphology of S. aureus cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.152-158
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• 2001

In this study, we determined major foods and food groups which contributed to the intake of folate in korean child-bearing women. Folate content of the major foods was also analyzed. A total of 91 healthy women with childbearing potential participated. They were divided into one of three groups by age; A (15∼24 yrs), B(25∼34 yrs) and C (35∼49 yrs). Food consumption data of the subjects were obtained by the 24-hr recall method. The rate of contribution of each food to the total intake of dietary folate was determined. Seventy major foods for folate were selected from the 178 foods they consumed. Two sets of the 70 foods were collected from different markets. After extracting folates from the foods by heating with a HEPES-CHES buffer, the samples were treated with α-amylase, protease and folate intakes was Korean cabbage kimchi followed by laver, soybean sprout, rice, yolmu kimchi, eggs, lettuce, perilla leaves, sea mustard and radish root. Food items that contributed to folate intake were slightly different among the age groups. Although the folate content of Korean cabbage kimchi was 51.6 ㎍/100g, but due to the high amount of intake, it was ranked the first major food prviding folate. High folate foods containing over 100㎍/100g were laver, corn flakes, spinach, mungbean, sesame, quail's eggs, small radish kimchi, kidney beans, leeks and peanuts. However, based on the serving size, spinach, corn flakes, leeks, sweet potato, pepper leaves, quail's eggs, crown daisy, small radish kimchi and perilla leaves contributed above 50㎍ of folate per serving size.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2015

Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is a major pathogen in laboratory mice that usually leads to fatal diseases, such as hepatitis, multiple sclerosis, encephalitis, and respiratory disease. MHV has a high infection rate, and it needs to be detected as soon as possible to prevent its spread to other facilities. However, MHV detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) often gives false positives; thus, it is very important that the results are confirmed as true positives in the early infection stage or distinguished as false positives with more accurate, reliable methods. Under microbiological screening, MHV ELISA-positive mice were found in four GFP-tagging transgenic mice. To verify the detection of the MHV antigen directly, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed, and the mice were determined to be MHV negative. Additional serum antibody-based screening was conducted with three different ELISA kits, and multiplexed fluorometric immunoassay (MFIA) was performed to confirm their accuracy/sensitivity. In brief, the ELISA kit for A59 nucleocapsid protein (MHV-A59N) revealed MHV ELISA positivity, while other ELISA kits (MHV-S lysate and MHV-JHM lysate) demonstrated MHV negativity. In MFIA, only the test for the recombinant A59 nucleocapsid antigen was MHV positive, which was consistent with the ELISA results. These results suggest that the ELISA kit with the recombinant A59 nucleocapsid antigen might induce non-specific MHV ELISA positivity and that confirmation is therefore essential.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.213-218
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• 2005

Epilepsy constitutes a significant public health problem, and even the newest drugs and neurosurgical techniques have proven unable to cure the disease. In order to select a group of isolates which could generate an active compound with neuroprotective or antiepileptic properties, we isolated 517 actinomycete strains from soil samples taken from Jeju Island, in South Korea. We then screened these strains for possible anti-apoptotic effects against serum deprivation-induced hippocampal cell death, using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay as an in vitro test. The excitotoxic glutamate analog, kainic acid (KA), was used to induce seizures in experimental mice in our in vivo tests. As a result of this testing, we located one strain which exhibited profound neuroprotective activity. This strain was identified as a Streptomyces species, and exhibited the rifampinresistant genotype, Asn$(AAC)^$442, according to the results of 16S rRNA and rpoB gene analyses

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.187-192
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• 1979

Dennis (1972) reported that Trichosporon cutaneum FRI-425 from the petioles of Pheum rhamponticum var, had showed the celluloytic activity. Chun (1977) also suggested that Trichoporon pullulons 225 isolated from the saline water of the Yeoung San River had a similar properties. However, the assay conditions for enzyme activity were not yet investigated. Thus, the present work was undertaken to examine some conditions for CMCase activity and at the same time to compare the activities of crude enzyme produce from above two species of Trichosporon pullulans. The results are as follows; 1. The maximum production of total reducing sugar by crude enzyme of Tr. pululans was after 30 minutes, whereas that of Tr. cutanuem FRI-425 was after 90 minutes. This fact showed that the reaction velocity of enzyme from Tr. pullulans 225 was more faster than that of Tr. cutaneum FRI-425. 2. Two species showed a similar trend to increase the production of reducing sugar in proportion to the increment in substrate concentration and to arrive at maximum level at lmg/ml of substrate concentration. However, Tr. pullulans 225 produced more $50{\mu}g$ of reducing sugar compared to Tr. cutaneum. 3. The optimum PH for CMCase activity is 5.0 for Tr. pullulans 225 as well as Tr. cutaneum FRI-425, and PH stability lie within the range of 6 and 8. In the activity and stability of enzyme on PH changes, enzyme of Tr. cutaneum FRI-425 was more unstable than that of TY. pullulans 225. 4. The optimum temperature for CMCase activity was $40^{\circ}C$, and enzyme activity from Tr. pullulans 225 was more sensitive to temperature changes compared with that of TY. cutaneum. The heat stability was within $40^{\circ}C$, but that was rapidly decreased above $40^{\circ}C$. In comparison of the heat stability for enzyme of Tr. cutaneum FRI-425 with that of Tr. pullulans 225 at the same temperature of $80^{\circ}C$, the former was some 10 percent more stable than the latter.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 2014

Protocatechualdehyde (PA) is phenolic compound having antioxidative and antitumor activities. PA was purified from supernatant of Streptomyces lincolnensis M-20. In the presence of copper ion, PA acted as pro-oxidant. The antioxidant activity was assessed with the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, and the pro-oxidant effect of PA on DNA damage as pBR322 plasmid DNA-cleaving agents in the presence of Cu(II) ions was investigated. The involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the DNA damage was confirmed by the inhibition of the DNA breakage by using glutathione (GSH), specific scavenger of ROS. When the increase in ROS reaches a certain level (the toxic threshold), it may trigger cell death. The formation of the PA/Cu(II) chelate complex was confirmed by reaction with ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA), a well-known chelating agent for metal ions, by using UV/Vis spectroscopic analysis.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.419-425
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• 1997

The pharmacokinetics of DWP20364 (1-cyclopropyl -5-amino-6,8-difluoro-7-(2,7-diazabiclo [3,3,0] oct-4-ene-7-yl)-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid), a novel fluoroquinolone containing C7-bicyc-talc structure, were compared with those of ciprofloxacin (CPFX) after single intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) administration to rats using microbiological assay (bioassay). After i.v. administration to rats, the plasma concentrations of the two drugs declined biexponentially. The terminal half-lives (t$_{1}$2$\beta$/) of DWP20364 were 110$\pm$ 13.2 min and 117$\pm$3.09 min after i.v. and p.o. administration, respectively, and they were significantly higher than those of CPFX (45.5$\pm$9.52 min and 48.3$\pm$ 12.1 min, respectively). Similar results were also obtained from plasma concentrations and area under the plasma concentration-time curves. The total body clearance of DWP20364, 7.82$\pm$0.37 ml/min/kg was significantly slower than that of CPFX, 27.3 $\pm$ 11.1 m1/ min/kg. Above data suggested that the antimicrobial activity of DWP20364 could be longer than that of CPFX. The urinary recovery after i.v. and p.o. administration of DWP20364 was significantly lower than those of CPFX suggesting that the effect of DWP20364 on urinary tract infection could be lower than that of CPFX. The serum protein binding values of DWP20364 at 2$\mu$g/ml were apparently 91.5~93.1% in rats and human. DWP20364 was distributed by the order of liver, lung, kidney, sf)leon, heart, muscle and brain collected at 30 min after orally administered.