• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제46권6호
• /
• pp.487-493
• /
• 2013

The effects of long-term fertilization on soil biological properties and microbial community structure in the plough layer in a rice paddy soil in southern Korea were investigated in relation to the continuous application of chemical fertilizers (NPK), straw based compost (Compost), combination these two (NPK + Compost) for last 40 years. No fertilization plot (Control) was installed for comparison. Though fertilization significantly improved rice productivity over control, the long-term fertilization of NPK and compost combination was more effective on increasing rice productivity and soil nutrient status than single application of compost or chemical fertilizer. All fertilization treatments had shown significant improvement in soil microbial properties, however, continuous compost fertilization markedly increased soil enzyme and microbial activities as compared to sole chemical fertilization. Results of microbial community structure, evaluated by EL-FAME (ester-linked fatty acid methyl esters) method, revealed big difference among Control, NPK, and Compost. However, both Compost and Compost+NPK treatments belonged to the same cluster after statistical analysis. The combined application of chemical fertilizer and organic amendments could be more rational strategy to improve soil nutrient status and promote soil microbial communities than the single chemical fertilizer or compost application.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.9-21
• /
• 1999

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제19권9호
• /
• pp.858-868
• /
• 2009

The abundance, biomass, size distribution, and taxonomic composition of bacterial and protistan (heterotrophic and autotrophic nanoflagellates and ciliates) communities were investigated in six lakes of Masurian Lake District (north-eastern Poland) differing in trophic state. Samples were taken from the trophogenic water layer during summer stratification periods. Image analysis techniques with fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) as well as [$^3H$]-methyl-thymidine incorporation methods were applied to analyze differences in the composition and activity of bacterial communities. The greatest differences in trophic parameters were found between the humic lake and remaining non-humic ones. The same bacterial and heterotrophic nanoflagellate (HNF) cell size classes dominated in all the studied lakes. However, distinct increases in the contributions of large bacterial (>$1.0{\mu}m$) and HNF (>$10{\mu}m$) cells were observed in eutrophic lakes. The bacterial community was dominated by the ${\beta}$-Proteohacteria group, which accounted for 27% of total DAPI counts. Ciliate communities were largely composed of Oligotrichida. Positive correlations between bacteria and protists, as well as between nanoflagellates (both heterotrophic and autotrophic) and ciliates, suggest that concentrations of food sources may be important in determining the abundance of protists in the studied lakes.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제28권8호
• /
• pp.1225-1232
• /
• 2018

Phenylethanoids, including 2-phenylethanol, tyrosol, and salidroside are a group of phenolic compounds with a C6-C2 carbon skeleton synthesized by plants. Phenylethanoids display a variety of biological activities, including antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anti-asthmatic activities. Recently, successful microbial synthesis of phenylethanoids through metabolic engineering and synthetic biology approaches has been reported and could allow phenylethanoid production from alternative microbial sources. Here, we review the recent achievements in the synthesis of phenylethanoids by microorganisms. The work done so far will contribute to the production of diverse phenylethanoids using various microbial systems and facilitate exploration of further diverse biological activities of phenylethanoids.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제23권6호
• /
• pp.739-749
• /
• 2013

The seasonal and spatial diversity of picocyanobacteria (Pcy) in lakes of the Great Mazurian Lakes (GLM) system was examined by DGGE analysis of molecular markers derived from the 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the ribosomal operon and the phycocyanin operon (cpcBA-IGS). The study of nine lakes, ranging from mesotrophy to hypereutrophy, demonstrated seasonal variance of Pcy. The richness and Shannon diversity index calculated on the basis of both markers were higher in spring and lower in early and late summer. No statistically significant relationships were found between the markers and trophic status of the studied lakes or Pcy abundance. There were, however, statistically significant relationships between the diversity indices and sampling time. The analysis pointed to a different distribution of the two markers. The ITS marker exhibited more unique sequences in time and space, whereas a greater role for common and ubiquitous sequences was indicated by the cpcBA-IGS data. Examination of the Pcy community structure demonstrated that communities were grouped in highly similar clusters according to sampling season/time rather than to the trophic status of the lake. Our results suggest that time is more important than trophic status in shaping the diversity and structure of Pcy communities. The seasonal changes in picocyanobacteria and differences in diversity and community structures are discussed in the context of well-established ecological hypotheses: the PEG model, intermediate disturbance hypothesis (IDH), and horizontal gene transfer (HGT).

• 한국미생물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국미생물학회 2009년도 International Meeting of the Microbiological Society of Korea
• /
• pp.158-158
• /
• 2009

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.292-304
• /
• 2018

Microbes is becoming increasingly forensic possibility as a consequence of advances in massive parallel sequencing (MPS) and bioinformatics. Human DNA typing is the best identifier, but it is not always possible to extract a full DNA profile namely its degradation and low copy number, and it may have limitations for identical twins. To overcome these unsatisfactory limitations, forensic potential for bacteria found in evidence could be used to differentiate individuals. Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall that better protects the bacterial nucleoid compared to the cell membrane of eukaryotic cells. Humans have an extremely diverse microbiome that may prove useful in determining human identity and may even be possible to link the microbes to the person responsible for them. Microbial composition within the human microbiome varies across individuals. Therefore, MPS of human microbiome could be used to identify biological samples from the different individuals, specifically for twins and other cases where standard DNA typing doses not provide satisfactory results due to degradation of human DNA. Microbial forensics is a new discipline combining forensic science and microbiology, which can not to replace current STR analysis methods used for human identification but to be complementary. Among the fields of microbial forensics, this paper will briefly describe information on the current status of microbiome research such as metagenomic code, salivary microbiome, pubic hair microbiome, microbes as indicators of body fluids, soils microbes as forensic indicator, and review microbial forensics as the feasibility of microbiome-based human identification.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.600-614
• /
• 2011

Classical methods which used for removal of heavy metals from contaminated water are adsorption, precipitation, coagulation, ion exchange resin, evaporation, and membrane processes. Microbial biosorption can be used for the removal of contaminated waters with pollutants such as heavy metals and dyes which are not easily biodegradable. Microbial biosorbents are inexpensive, eco friendly and more effective for the removal of toxic metals from aqueous solution. In this review, the bacterial and fungal abilities for heavy metals ions removal are emphasized. Environmental factors which affect biosorption process are also discussed. A detailed description for the most common isotherm and kinetic models are presented. This article reviews the achievements and the current status of bacterial and fungal biosorption technology for heavy metals removal and provides insights for further researches.

• 식품과학과 산업
• /
• 제50권1호
• /
• pp.2-10
• /
• 2017

Human have eaten various traditional fermented foods for a numbers of million years for health benefit as well as survival. The beneficial effects of fermented foods have been resulted from complex microbial communications within the fermented foods. Therefore, the holistic approaches for individual identification and complete microbial profiling involved in their communications have been of interest to food microbiology fields. Microbiome is the ecological community of microorganisms that literally share our environments including foods as well as human body. However, due to the limitation of culture-dependent methods such as simple isolations of just culturable microorganisms, the culture-independent methods have been consistently developed, resulting in new light on the diverse non-culturable and hitherto unknown microorganisms, and even microbial communities in the fermented foods. For the culture-independent approaches, the food microbiome has been deciphered by employing various molecular analysis tools such as fluorescence in situ hybridization, quantitative PCR, and denaturing gradient gel-electrophoresis. More recently, next-generation-sequencing (NGS) platform-based microbiome analysis has been of interest, because NGS is a powerful analytical tool capable of resolving the microbiome in respect to community structures, dynamics, and activities. In this overview, the development status of analysis tools for the fermented food microbiome is covered and research trend for NGS-based food microbiome analysis is also discussed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.165-170
• /
• 1996

Two experiments were conducted to search factor(s) affecting the plasma allantoin concentration in infant calves. In experiment 1, five male Holstein calves aged 1 week were given only milk replacer free from nucleic acids for 28 days Plasma allantoin concentration varied in a reverse proportion to daily amounts of milk replacer, and the concentration when calves received 750 g/d of milk replacer was significantly lower than that when they received 250 g/d. Contrary to plasma allantoin concentration, glomerular filtration rate(GFR) was directly proportional to daily amounts of milk replacer, leading to a constant filtration of allantoin across the glomeruli. Renal handling of allantion was also unaffected by the amount of milk replacer, resulting in the constant urinary excretion of allantoin. These results suggested that GFR, which was affected by the nutritional status, could affect plasma allantoin concentration. In experiment 2, the effect of age-related changes in nutritional status after weaning on GFR was examined in eight calves weaned at 5 weeks of age. The GFR expressed as body weight basis was lower immediately after weaning, but linearly increased up to the 19th week post-weaning. The present results suggested that the changes in GFR in response to nutritional status would be one of the possible causes of atypical plasma allantoin concentration immediately after weaning. We conclude that plasma allantoin concentration would not be a proper estimator of intestinal flow of microbial protein in cattle.