• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.979-986
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• 2014

Plant pathogenic RNA viruses are present in a variety of plant-based foods. When ingested by humans, these viruses can survive the passage through the digestive tract, and are frequently detected in human feces. Kimchi is a traditional fermented Korean food made from cabbage or vegetables, with a variety of other plant-based ingredients, including ground red pepper and garlic paste. We analyzed microbial metatranscriptome data from kimchi at five fermentation stages to identify plant RNA virus-derived sequences. We successfully identified a substantial amount of plant RNA virus sequences, especially during the early stages of fermentation: 23.47% and 16.45% of total clean reads on days 7 and 13, respectively. The most abundant plant RNA virus sequences were from pepper mild mottle virus, a major pathogen of red peppers; this constituted 95% of the total RNA virus sequences identified throughout the fermentation period. We observed distinct sequencing read-depth distributions for plant RNA virus genomes, possibly implying intrinsic and/or technical biases during the metatranscriptome generation procedure. We also identified RNA virus sequences in publicly available microbial metatranscriptome data sets. We propose that metatranscriptome data may serve as a valuable resource for RNA virus detection, and a systematic screening of the ingredients may help prevent the use of virus-infected low-quality materials for food production.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.1453-1464
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• 2023

Objective: This study investigated the changes in bacterial communities within decomposing swine microcosms, comparing soil with or without intact microbial communities, and under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Methods: The experimental microcosms consisted of four conditions: UA, unsterilized soil-aerobic condition; SA, sterilized soil-aerobic condition; UAn, unsterilized soil-anaerobic condition; and San, sterilized soil-anaerobic condition. The microcosms were prepared by mixing 112.5 g of soil and 37.5 g of ground carcass, which were then placed in sterile containers. The carcass-soil mixture was sampled at day 0, 5, 10, 30, and 60 of decomposition, and the bacterial communities that formed during carcass decomposition were assessed using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Results: A total of 1,687 amplicon sequence variants representing 22 phyla and 805 genera were identified in the microcosms. The Chao1 and Shannon diversity indices varied in between microcosms at each period (p<0.05). Metagenomic analysis showed variation in the taxa composition across the burial microcosms during decomposition, with Firmicutes being the dominant phylum, followed by Proteobacteria. At the genus level, Bacillus and Clostridium were the main genera within Firmicutes. Functional prediction revealed that the most abundant Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes metabolic functions were carbohydrate and amino acid metabolisms. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a higher bacteria diversity in UA and UAn microcosms than in SA and SAn microcosms. In addition, the taxonomic composition of the microbial community also exhibited changes, highlighting the impact of soil sterilization and oxygen on carcass decomposition. Furthermore, this study provided insights into the microbial communities associated with decomposing swine carcasses in microcosm.

• 한국미생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물학회 2009년도 International Meeting of the Microbiological Society of Korea
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• pp.46-47
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• 2009

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.6.1-6.9
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• 2019

Understanding the role of the microbiome in human health and how it can be modulated is becoming increasingly relevant for preventive medicine and for the medical management of chronic diseases. The development of high-throughput sequencing technologies has boosted microbiome research through the study of microbial genomes and allowing a more precise quantification of microbiome abundances and function. Microbiome data analysis is challenging because it involves high-dimensional structured multivariate sparse data and because of its compositional nature. In this review we outline some of the procedures that are most commonly used for microbiome analysis and that are implemented in R packages. We place particular emphasis on the compositional structure of microbiome data. We describe the principles of compositional data analysis and distinguish between standard methods and those that fit into compositional data analysis.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.595-601
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• 2013

생물들에서 생명의 본질적 기능을 수행하는 단백질들의 종류와 보존성을 밝히기 위해 COG (Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins) 알고리즘을 이용하였다. 66종의 미생물에서 보존적인 63개의 ortholog 그룹들은 진핵생물 7종에서 104개의 ortholog들로 확산되었으며, 7종 모두의 핵에 보존적인 KOG (euKaryotic Orthologous Group)은 71개였다. 71개 중 단백질 합성에 관여하는 유전자들이 총 54개로 생명현상에서의 단백질의 중요성을 확인할 수 있었다. Distance value로 보존적 유전자가 생물종 사이에 나타내는 유전자 변이의 정도를 파악하니 'Translation initiation factor'인 KOG3403과 KOG3271 그리고 'Prolyl-tRNA synthetase' (KOG4163) 등이 높은 보존성을 보였다. 보존적 KOG들의 평균과 분산으로 유전체 분석을 수행하여 꼬마선충이 KOG 평균사이의 편차가 제일 커 유전자의 변이가 다양한 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구결과는 기초연구와 항생제 개발 등에 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.207-215
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• 2003

주어진 염기서열에서 단백질로 코딩되는 영역을 예측하는 유전자 구조 예측은 유전자 annotation의 가장 핵심적인 부분으로 유전자 분석 및 유전체 프로젝트 전체에 큰 영향을 준다. 진핵생물의 유전자가 원핵생물의 유전자에 비해 더 복잡한 구조를 가지기 때문에 진핵생물의 유전자 구조 예측 모델 역시 원핵생물에 비해 다양하고 복잡한 모델로 구성되어 있다. 본 연구팀은 duration hidden markov model을 기본형태로 하여 진핵생물의 유전자 구조 예측 프로그램인 EGSP를 개발하였다. 이 프로그램은 각 생명체의 유전자 구조 예측에 필요한 파라메터를 생성하는 학습기능과, 이를 기반으로 핵산 서열을 입력으로 해서 단백질을 코딩하는 부위를 예측하여 출력하는 기능으로 구성되며, 최근의 프로그램들의 추세대로 복수 개 유전자 예측의 기능을 갖추고 있다. EGSP의 학습과 예측에 사용되는 각 파라메터의 전체 성능에 대한 효과 분석 등을 위해 여러 개 signal에 대한 개별 모델이 주는 효과 등을 분석하였다. 진핵생물의 유전자 구조 예측에 가장 많이 연구되는 human dataset을 이용하여 현재 개발된 유전자 구조 예측 프로그램인 GenScan과 GeneID, Morgan 등 보편적으로 사용되는 프로그램들과의 성능을 여러 가지 기준에서 비교한 결과, 본 프로그램이 실용성 있는 수준을 보여주는 것을 확인하였다. 그리고 진핵 미생물인 Saccharomyces cerevisiae로 성능을 테스트한 결과 만족할 만한 수준의 성능을 나타내는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.212-218
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• 2015

In this study, we developed a species-specific PCR assay for rapid and accurate detection of three Xanthomonas species, X. axonopodis pv. poinsettiicola (XAP), X. hyacinthi (XH) and X. campestris pv. zantedeschiae (XCZ), based on their draft genome sequences. XAP, XH and XCZ genomes consist of single chromosomes that contain 5,221, 4,395 and 7,986 protein coding genes, respectively. Species-specific primers were designed from variable regions of the draft genome sequence data and assessed by a PCR-based detection method. These primers were also tested for specificity against 17 allied Xanthomonas species as well as against the host DNA and the microbial community of the host surface. Three primer sets were found to be very specific and no amplification product was obtained with the host DNA and the microbial community of the host surface. In addition, a detection limit of $1pg/{\mu}l$ per PCR reaction was detected when these primer sets were used to amplify corresponding bacterial DNAs. Therefore, these primer sets and the developed species-specific PCR assay represent a valuable, sensitive, and rapid diagnostic tool that can be used to detect three specific pathogens at early stages of infection and may help control diseases.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2008

Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of kinases involved in the transduction of cellular signals that promote lipid hydrolysis. PKC plays a pivotal role in mediating cellular responses to extracellular stimuli involved in proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Comparative analysis of the PKC-${\alpha},{\beta},{\varepsilon}$ isozymes of 200 recently sequenced microbial genomes was carried out using variety of bioinformatics tools. Diversity and evolution of PKC was determined by sequence alignment. The ser/thr protein kinases of Streptomyces coelicolor A3 (2), is the only bacteria to show sequence alignment score greater than 30% with all the three PKC isotypes in the sequence alignment. S.coelicolor is the subject of our interest because it is notable for the production of pharmaceutically useful compounds including anti-tumor agents, immunosupressants and over two-thirds of all natural antibiotics currently available. The comparative analysis of three human isotypes of PKC and Serine/threonine protein kinase of S.coelicolor was carried out and possible mechanism of action of PKC was derived. Our analysis indicates that Serine/ threonine protein kinase from S. coelicolor can be a good candidate for potent anti-tumor agent. The presence of three representative isotypes of the PKC super family in this organism helps us to understand the mechanism of PKC from evolutionary perspective.

• 한국생물정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물정보시스템생물학회 2000년도 International Symposium on Bioinformatics
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• pp.17-20
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• 2000

Structural genomics aims to provide a good experimental structure or computational model of every tractable protein in a complete genome. Underlying this goal is the immense value of protein structure, especially in permitting recognition of distant evolutionary relationships for proteins whose sequence analysis has failed to find any significant homolog. A considerable fraction of the genes in all sequenced genomes have no known function, and structure determination provides a direct means of revealing homology that may be used to infer their putative molecular function. The solved structures will be similarly useful for elucidating the biochemical or biophysical role of proteins that have been previously ascribed only phenotypic functions. More generally, knowledge of an increasingly complete repertoire of protein structures will aid structure prediction methods, improve understanding of protein structure, and ultimately lend insight into molecular interactions and pathways. We use computational methods to select families whose structures cannot be predicted and which are likely to be amenable to experimental characterization. Methods to be employed included modern sequence analysis and clustering algorithms. A critical component is consultation of the presage database for structural genomics, which records the community's experimental work underway and computational predictions. The protein families are ranked according to several criteria including taxonomic diversity and known functional information. Individual proteins, often homologs from hyperthermophiles, are selected from these families as targets for structure determination. The solved structures are examined for structural similarity to other proteins of known structure. Homologous proteins in sequence databases are computationally modeled, to provide a resource of protein structure models complementing the experimentally solved protein structures.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.667-686
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• 2019

Streptomyces are attractive microbial cell factories that have industrial capability to produce a wide array of bioactive secondary metabolites. However, the genetic potential of the Streptomyces species has not been fully utilized because most of their secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (SM-BGCs) are silent under laboratory culture conditions. In an effort to activate SM-BGCs encoded in Streptomyces genomes, synthetic biology has emerged as a robust strategy to understand, design, and engineer the biosynthetic capability of Streptomyces secondary metabolites. In this regard, diverse synthetic biology tools have been developed for Streptomyces species with technical advances in DNA synthesis, sequencing, and editing. Here, we review recent progress in the development of synthetic biology tools for the production of novel secondary metabolites in Streptomyces, including genomic elements and genome engineering tools for Streptomyces, the heterologous gene expression strategy of designed biosynthetic gene clusters in the Streptomyces chassis strain, and future directions to expand diversity of novel secondary metabolites.