• Title/Summary/Keyword: Microbial activity

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The Toxicity Assessment of Explosives Contaminated Soil using Soil Microbial Activity Tests (토양효소활성 측정법을 이용한 화약류 오염토양 독성평가)

  • Kim, Moonkyung;Jung, Jae-Woong;Nam, Kyoungphile
    • Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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    • v.20 no.6
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    • pp.37-45
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    • 2015
  • This study was conducted to determine the toxic effect of TNT and RDX on indigenous soil microbes by measuring enzymatic activity. Denitrification activity, dehydrogenase activity, phosphatase activity, and fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic activity were determined for military firing range, field, and paddy soils exposed to TNT, and RDX from 0 to 1,000 mg/kg and 0 to 4,000 mg/kg, respectively, for 2, 4, and 8 weeks. Soil microbial enzymatic activities decreased with higher TNT and RDX concentration and longer exposure time. Microbial enzymatic activities of firing range soil were higher than field and paddy soils, indicating that indigenous microbes in firing range might have been adapted to TNT and RDX due to pre-exposure of the explosives. In addition, the toxicity of TNT and RDX decreased with higher organic matter because TNT and RDX tend to absorb to soil organic matter. No Observable Effect Concentration (NOEC) values of each microbial enzymatic activity were derived by the geometric mean of NOECs from exposure times (2, 4, and 8 weeks) and soil types (firing range, field, paddy soil). The derived NOECs ranged from 45.3 to 55.2 mg/kg for TNT and 286 to 309 mg/kg for RDX.

Activation of Macrophages by GLB, a Protein-polysaccharide of the Growing Tips of Ganoderma Lucidum (영지버섯 생장점 단백다당체 GLB의 대식세포 활성화 효과)

  • Oh, Jung-Yeon;Cho, Kyung-Joo;Chung, Soo-Hyun;Kim, Jin-Hyang;Lillehoj, H.S.;Chung, Kyeong-Soo
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.42 no.3
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    • pp.302-306
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    • 1998
  • In the previous study we described the antitumor activity of GLB, a protein-polysaccharide fraction of the growing tips of Ganoderma lucidum, against sarcoma 180 solid tu mor in ICR mice. In this study we investigated the stimulatory activity of GLB on macrophages. When analyzed using a flow cytometer, GLB ($100{\mu}g/ml$) was found to increase the phagocytic activity of the BALB/c mouse peritoneal macrophages as well as chicken macrophage BM2CL cells against FITC-labeled C.albicans by 55.2% and 21.2%, respectively. GLB also increased the spreading and the expression of MHC class II molecules of BM2CL cells as well as the mouse peritoneal macrophages. From these results, it is clear that GLB is a strong stimulator to the macrophages.

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Effect of Microbial Activity by Using the Coagulants in the Biological Treatment Process (생물학적 처리공정에서 응집제 사용에 따른 미생물 활성도 영향)

  • Han, Seung-Woo;Chun, Mi-Hee;Park, Jun-Min;Kang, Dong-Hyo;Kang, Lim-Seok
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.16-22
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    • 2012
  • Alum contained dominantly the monomeric aluminum species, and PAC contained the polymeric aluminum species. Both Alum and PAC has been improved removal of TP with increasing coagulant dose. Coagulant used directly influenced the microbial activity. Impact on microbial activity, the PAC was smaller than Alum. And impact on microbial activity and population according to the return sludge appeared to be minor.

Characteristics of Microbial Community Enzyme Activity and Substrate Availability of Damaged Soil (훼손 토양의 미생물군집 효소 활성과 기질 이용성 특성)

  • Ji Seul Kim;Gyo-Cheol Jeong;Myoung Hyeon Cho;Eun Young Lee
    • Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.68-77
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    • 2023
  • The effect of soil damage on the physicochemical characteristics and activity of the soil microbial community is not well known. This study investigates this relationship by analyzing 11 soil samples collected from various points of soil damage across Gyeonggi-do. Soil damage resulted from forest fires, landslides, and development areas, with their impacts most severe on the topsoil layer (0-30 cm). Dehydrogenase and β-glucosidase activities were notably higher at locations damaged by forest fires compared to other sites. While enzyme activities in soils influenced by landslides and development areas were relatively low, sites with a pollution history exhibited elevated dehydrogenase activity, likely due to past microbial response to the pollution. Additionally, an assessment of carbon substrate usability by soil microorganisms indicated higher substrate availability in areas impacted by forest fires, contrasting with lower availability in landslide and development sites. Statistical analysis revealed a positive correlation between organic content of sand and clay and microbial activity. These findings provide valuable insights into soil damage and associated restoration research, as well as management strategies.

Isolation and Characterization of an Antifungal and Plant Growth-Promoting Microbe

  • Park, Se Won;Yang, Hee-Jong;Seo, Ji Won;Kim, Jinwon;Jeong, Su-ji;Ha, Gwangsu;Ryu, Myeong Seon;Yang, Hee Gun;Jeong, Do-Youn;Lee, Hyang Burm
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.49 no.4
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    • pp.441-454
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    • 2021
  • Fungal diseases including anthracnose, stem rot, blight, wilting, and root rot of crops are caused by phytopathogens such as Colletotrichum species, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Phytophthora species, and Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani which threaten the production of chili pepper. In this study, to identify biological control agents (BCAs) of phytopathogenic fungi, potentially useful Bacillus species were isolated from the field soils. We screened out five Bacillus strains with antagonistic capacity that are efficiently inhibiting the growth of phytopathogenic fungi. Bacillus species were characterized by the production of extracellular enzymes, siderophores, and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Furthermore, the influence of bacterial strains on the plant growth promoting activity and seedling vigor index were assessed using Brassica juncea as a model plant. Inoculation with Bacillus subtilis SRCM 121379 significantly increased the length of B. juncea shoots and roots by 45.6% and 52.0%, respectively. Among the bacterial isolates, Bacillus subtilis SRCM 121379 showed the superior enzyme activities, antagonistic capacity and plant growth promoting effects. Based on the experimental results, Bacillus subtilis SRCM 121379 (GenBank accession no. NR027552) was finally selected as a BCA candidate.

Anti-microbial and Anti-inflammatory Activity of New 4-methoxy-3-(methoxymethyl) Phenol and (E)-N'-(5-bromo-2-methoxybenzylidene)-4-methoxy Benzohydrazide Isolated from Calotropis gigantean white

  • Manivannan, R.;Shopna, R.
    • Natural Product Sciences
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.69-74
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    • 2017
  • A new phenol and hydrazide derivatives were obtained for the first time from the C. giganteawhite by silica gel column chromatography. The structure of the isolated compounds was identified by UV, IR NMR and MS. C. gigantea was scientifically reported for several medicinal properties viz. analgesic, antimicrobial and cytotoxic. In this screening work, anti-microbial activity of test compounds was found to be active against all organisms. Additionally, anti-inflammatory activity of the test groups has reduced the thickness of edema of the hind paw compared to the control group.

Effect of Gamma Irradiation on the Microbial Safety and Biological Activities of Tuna Cooking Juices (감마선 조사에 따른 참치 자숙액의 위생화 및 기능성 변화 연구)

  • Byun, Myung-Woo
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.222-226
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    • 2012
  • In this study, the effect of gamma irradiation on the microbial contamination and biological activities of tuna cooking juices was investigated. Tuna cooking juice was by-produced during the canning processing, and had various functional components. But, it was shown that the tuna cooking juice was seriously contaminated. Gamma irradiation effectively reduced the microbial population in tuna cooking juice. Also, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, tyrosinse inhibitory activity, and ACE inhibitory activity of tuna cooking juices were all increased as a result of gamma irradiation. These results suggest that wasted tuna cooking juices can be used as a functional component in the food and cosmetic industries if the irradiation technology were applied.

Effects on Microbial Activity of Aerobic Granular Sludge (AGS) in High-Salinity Wastewater (고농도 염분함유 폐수가 호기성 그래뉼 슬러지의 미생물 활성도에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Hyun-Gu;Ahn, Dae-Hee
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.28 no.7
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    • pp.629-637
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    • 2019
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of high-salinity wastewater on the microbial activity of Aerobic Granule Sludge (AGS). Laboratory-scale experiments were performed using a sequencing batch reactor, and the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), nitrogen removal efficiency, sludge precipitability, and microbial activity were evaluated under various salinity injection. The COD removal efficiency was found to decrease gradually to 3.0% salinity injection, and it tended to recover slightly from 4.0%. The specific nitrification rate was 0.043 - 0.139 mg $NH_4{^+}-N/mg$ $MLVSS{\cdot}day$. The specific denitrification rate was 0.069 - 0.108 mg $NO_3{^-}-N/mg$ $MLVSS{\cdot}day$. The sludge volume index ($SVI_{30}$) ultimately decreased to 46 mL/g. The specific oxygen uptake rate decreased from an initial value 120.3 to a final value 70.7 mg $O_2/g$ $MLVSS{\cdot}hr$. Therefore, salinity injection affects the activity of AGS, causing degradation of the COD and nitrogen removal efficiency. It can be used as an indicator to objectively determine the effect of salinity on microbial activity.

Isolation of Antimicrobial Active Substances from Chinese Gall Nut (Schlechtendalia chinensis) against Watermelon Fruit Rot Pathogens (Acidovorax avenae subsp. Citrulli) (오배자(Schlechtendalia chinensis)로부터 수박 과실썩음병 병원균(Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli)에 대한 항균 활성물질 탐색)

  • Kim, Hyun-Woo;Choi, Yong-Hwa
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.323-334
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    • 2015
  • This study was conducted to develop environment-friendly agricultural products with anti-microbial activity against Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli as a pathogen of bacterial fruit blotch in cucurbit. Schlechtendalia chinensis was extracted by MeOH and solvent fraction. The hexane fraction, which showed highest value of anti-microbial activity, was analyzed by GC-MS. Each mass spectra, corresponding to each peak of chromatogram, was compared to MS database of Wiley library. As a result, myristic acid, palmitic acid and 3-n-pentadecylphenol were identified as maine compounds showing antimicrobial activity against A. avenae subsp. citrulli. Bioassay using commercial myristic acid, palmitic acid and 3-n-pentadecylphenol to test for the anti-microbial activity conformed the anti-microbial activity of potential active compounds, and myristic acid and 3-n-pentadecylphenol showed strong activity. In conclusion, myristic acid and 3-n-pentadecylphenol identified from S. chinensis were anti-microbial chemicals.

A Study on Microbiological Quality & Safety Control of Dongtae-Jeon(Pan-fried dish) and Rolled Egg in Packaged Meals(Dosirak) with Various Cooking Processes (시판 도시락 중 동태전과 달걀말이의 생산단계에 따른 품질관리에 관한 연구)

  • 김혜영;고성희
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.292-298
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    • 2004
  • This study researched the microbial change of quality according to various phases of product flow of Dongtae-Jeon (a pan-fried dish) and rolled egg in packaged meals. In order to carry out the study, the time required, temperature, water activity and microbial quality were measured at various phases of production flow of Dongtae-Jeon and rolled egg in packaged meals, and the effects of these factors on microbial multiplication was analyzed. According to the phases in product flow of Dongtae-Jeon, it was shown that the time required is 12.5hrs and water activity is distributed 0.932-0.980. These conditions were suitable for microbial multiplication. According to the phases in product flow of rolled egg, it was shown that the time required is 3.3hrs. In addition, qualitative analysis of pathogenic microorganisms (Salmonella spp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus) detected no such microorganisms in any of the samples.