• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.19-32
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• 1990

Lipid levels in the tissues of liver and intestines of O.bartrami amounted to 40.0% and 1.5%. The new compounds was found to be ethyl acylates, from a deduction of their detailed $^1H-nuclear$ magnetic resonance(NMR) and $^{13}C-NMR$ as well as infra red spectra (IR). The fatty acid composition of total lipids were mainly composed of C16:0(19.0%), C18:1(16.2%) and $C22:6{\omega}3$(15.7%), followed by C20:1(9.4%), C22:1(6.4%) and C18:0(5.4%). New compound A and B were seemed to derived from the cleavage of glycerol moieties of triglycerides by microbial activities during storage in a frozen state. Compound A contained C16:0(38.2%), C18:1(13:4%), C20:1(13.3%) and C22:1(11.7%) as major components, while compound B predominantly comprised polyunsaturated fatty acid such as $C20:5{\omega}3$ (41.2%) and $C22:6{\omega}3$(36.1%). In both compounds small amounts of odd numbered fatty acids were also detected ($3.8{\sim}2.2%$).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.373-381
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• 2020

There is a need for newer feed additives due to legal prohibition on inclusion of growth promoting antibiotics in livestock diets in several countries due to antimicrobial resistance. In this context, rare earth elements (REE) have gained attention among animal nutritionists as potential growth promoters. Currently, several studies have reported better weight gain, milk production, egg laying capacity and feed conversion efficiency among different breeds of farm animals following supplementation with REE, with however largely inconsistent results. Furthermore, REE supplementation has also shown to improve ruminal fibrolytic and proteolytic activities as well as flavor of meat with negligible residues in edible tissue, however the mechanism behind this action is still unclear. According to existing research, due to their poor absorption and similarity with calcium REE might exert their action locally on gut microbial populations within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Moreover, REE have also shown anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative as well as immune stimulating effects. The present review aims to broaden the knowledge about use of REE as feed additives for livestock and sum up efficacy of REE supplementation on performance and health of animals by comparing the findings. Till date, researches with REE have shown properties that make them a promising, new and safe alternative feed additive but further exploration is recommended to optimize effects and clarify discrepancy of various results before practical proposals can be drafted.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.197-205
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• 1970

1. myo-inositol (aeeeee) 에서 scyllo- (eeeeee), epi-(aeaeee) 및 muco-inositol (aaaeee)에 도달(到達)시킬 수 있었다. 2. inositol의 과산화수소(過酸化水素) 산화(酸化)는 ax. 수산기(水酸基)가 산화(酸化)되어 microbial oxidation, 접촉산화(接觸酸化)에서와 대등(對等)한 inosose를 얻고, 이것은 산성(酸性)에서 $NaBH_4$로 환원(還元)하면 eq.-alcohol이 되며, 한편 접촉산원(接觸還元)하면 az. alcohol 이 된다. 3. inositol의 p-HBA ester인 사종(四種) 신화합물(新化合物) [III], [XII], [XVI], [XXI]을 합성(合成)하였다. 4. 이들 ester는 모두 항균작용(抗菌作用)이 있고 pH의 저하(低下)로 증대(增大)되는 경향(領向)이 있으며 muco-inositol ester는 가장 강력(强力)하고, 이는 입체구조(立體構造)와 관련(關聯)되는 것 같다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1814-1822
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• 2018

Most people use cosmetics to protect their skin. Preservatives are often used to prevent their contamination upon use. There has been a great demand for natural preservatives due to recent reports on the side effects of parabens. Therefore, we evaluated the antimicrobial activities of Lonicera japonica and Magnolia obovata extracts and determined their potential as natural preservatives. We found that the 50% ethanol extract from L. japonica had antibacterial activity only against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, while the ethyl acetate fraction showed antimicrobial activity against all six microbial strains tested. On the other hand, the 70% ethanol extract and the ethyl acetate fraction from M. obovata showed antimicrobial activity against all six strains. A synergistic effect against S. aureus, B. subtilis, and C. albicans was confirmed when two ethyl acetate fractions having antimicrobial activity against all six strains were used in combination. Synergistic activity against B. subtilis was also confirmed through kill-time analysis. High-performance liquid chromatography was performed to identify the components of each extract. Based on the minimum inhibitory concentration and the results of a disc diffusion assay, we confirmed that caffeic acid and luteolin influenced the antimicrobial activity of L. japonica and that the antimicrobial activity of M. obovata was influenced by the interaction of magnolol and honokiol with other components. Therefore, this study suggests that the combination of L. japonica and M. obovata extracts may be used as a plant-derived natural preservative.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.321-326
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• 2012

Resveratrol, a natural compound, has been shown to possess anti-cancer, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and neuroprotective activities. In this study, we examined the antiproliferative and cytotoxicity properties of resveratrol in Rat B103 neuroblastoma cells; although it's molecular mechanisms for the biological effects are not fully defined. Here, we examined the cellular cytotoxicity of resveratrol by cell viability assay, antiproliferation by BrdU assay, DNA fragmentation by DNA ladder assay, activation of caspases and Bcl-2 family proteins were detected by western blot analyses. The results of our investigation suggest that resveratrol increased cellular cytotoxicity of Rat B103 neuroblastoma cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner with $IC_{50}$ of 17.86 ${\mu}M$ at 48 h. On the other hand, incubation of neuroblastoma cells with resveratrol resulted in S-phase cell cycle arrests which dose-dependently and significantly reduced BrdU positive cells through the downregulation of cyclin D1 protein. In addition, resveratrol dose-dependently and significantly downregulated the expression of anti-apoptotic protein includes Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 and also activates cleavage caspase-9 and-3 via the downregulation of procaspase-9 and -3 in a dose-dependent manner which indicates that involvement of intrinsic mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway. In conclusion, resveratrol increases cellular cytotoxicity and inhibits the proliferation of B103 neuroblastoma cells by inducing mitochondria-mediated intrinsic caspase dependent pathway which suggests this natural compound could be used as therapeutic purposes for neuroblastoma malignancies.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.351-360
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• 2020

Previous studies have suggested that microbial fermentation is an attractive process to develop food products using seaweed. The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are used as starters for seaweed fermentation. The isolation of LAB strains was conducted using kelp Saccharina japonica kimchi, a well-known fermented seaweed in southeastern Korea. Based on the assay of acid tolerance, bile tolerance and antioxidant activity, 15 strains of LAB were selected for further study. The LABs exhibited cholesterol lowering activity in the range of 15.50 to 94.77%. Among the LABs suitable for food production, Lactobacillus plantarum D-11 had the highest antioxidant and cholesterol lowering activities. This probiotic strain will be applied to develop various kelp fermentation products.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.1403-1412
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• 2013

Ethanol fuel production from lignocellulosic biomass is emerging as one of the most important technologies for sustainable development. To use this biomass, it is necessary to circumvent the physical and chemical barriers presented by the cohesive combination of the main biomass components, which hinders the hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose into fermentable sugars. This study evaluated the hydrolytic capacity of enzymes produced by yeasts, isolated from the soils of the Brazilian Cerrado biome (savannah) and the Amazon region, on sugarcane bagasse pre-treated with $H_2SO_4$. Among the 103 and 214 yeast isolates from the Minas Gerais Cerrado and the Amazon regions, 18 (17.47%) and 11 (5.14%) isolates, respectively, were cellulase-producing. Cryptococcus laurentii was prevalent and produced significant ${\beta}$-glucosidase levels, which were higher than the endo- and exoglucanase activities. In natura sugarcane bagasse was pre-treated with 2% $H_2SO_4$ for 30 min at $150^{\circ}C$. Subsequently, the obtained fibrous residue was subjected to hydrolysis using the Cryptococcus laurentii yeast enzyme extract for 72 h. This enzyme extract promoted the conversion of approximately 32% of the cellulose, of which 2.4% was glucose, after the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction, suggesting that C. laurentii is a good ${\beta}$-glucosidase producer. The results presented in this study highlight the importance of isolating microbial strains that produce enzymes of biotechnological interest, given their extensive application in biofuel production.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book I
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• pp.35-49
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• 2003

In this study, in an attempt to search for functional cosmetic ingredients from higher fungal, we have produced exopolysaccharides (GF-l, approximately carbohydrate 75％, protein 25％) and polysaccharide (GF-2) of mycelium extract, by submerged culture of Grifolafrondosa. For applications in anti-aging cosmetic field, we investigated the diverse biological activities. Antioxidant activity and inhibition of Matrixmetalloproteinases (MMPs) were investigated enzymatic assays by measuring the superoxide scavenging activity using xanthine-xanthine oxidase system and the proteolytic activity of MMPs using EnzChek Collagenase/Gelatinase kits, respectively. GF-l polysacchairde showed inhibition of superoxide radical by 90％ at a concentration of 0.2％ (w/v) and inhibition of collagenase by 45％ at 0.2％ (w/v). GF-2 polysaccharide of mycelium extract also exhibited good antioxidant activity. However, MMPs inhibition activity was relatively lower level compared to GF-l polysaccharides. The treatment of human dermal fibroblast (HDF) with GF-l and GF-2 polysaccharides increased the proliferation of fibroblast by approximately 23-25％ at a concentration of 0.5％ (w/v), also showed collagen synthesis increase in HDF by about 50％ at 0.5％ (w/v) compared to that of untreated control. We also report the moisturizing effects of polysaccharides in cosmetic products (O/W emulation) and its own ingredient, in vitro and in vivo. The GF-1 polysaccharide showed higher moisturizing ability than sodium hyaluronate, which is the most commonly used moisturizers ingredient. These results suggest the GF-l polysaccharide, protein-bound polysaccharide, may be used as an ingredient for new moisturizing and anti-aging cosmeceuticals.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.125-130
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• 2007

다양한 환경으로부터 음식물류폐수에 응집특성을 보이는 미생물 6종을 분리하였다. 동정한 결과, 이들은 각각 Bacillus pumilus, Enterobacter sp., Pantotea agglomerans, Bacillus licheniformis, 그리고 두 종류의 Bacillus sp. 균주들로 밝혀졌다. 분리된 미생물중 Enterobacter sp.(YK102), Bacillus sp.(YK103), Pantotea agglomerans (YK104) 등, 3균주의 경우, 대조군으로 사용된 분양균주 Zoogloea ramigera와 비교하여 카올린에 대한 응집율이 모두 8배 이상 높은 것으로 나타났다. 음식물류폐수에 대한 응집실험에서는 Enterobacter sp.(YK102) 균주가 가장 높은 응집능을 보였으며, 대조군으로 사용된 Pseudomonas fluorescens보다 약 2.5배 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.266-272
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• 2012

Hyperglycemia or high glucose (HG), is the hallmark of diabetes, known to induce oxidative stress, release of chemokines, and cytokines, which confer endothelial cell damage. On the other hand, microbial transformation of organic materials often leads to certain changes in their product structures which could enhance their biological activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of fermented Gastrodia elata (FGE) in HG induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) dysfunction. GE, fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which has an extensive history of safe use, exhibited higher phenolic compounds content than those of Gastrodia elata (GE). The HG-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were significantly attenuated by FGE pretreatment to the cells, in a concentration dependent manner. In addition, FGE showed marked activity in free radical scavenging. These results suggest that FGE possesses beneficial effects in protecting against the oxidative stress, and inflammatory conditions in endothelial cells, caused by HG.