• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.335-342
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• 2016

일반적으로 지역사회 관련 경로로 감염되기 쉬운 S. aureus는 대부분이 MSSA로 알려져 있었으나 최근 CA-MRSA가 증가하고 있다. 항생제와 glycopeptides의 지속적인 남용은 VISA, VRSA가 더욱 증가할 가능성이 있다. 본 연구는 최근 10년간 일개 대학병원의 상처에서 분리한 황색 포도상 구균의 항생제 감수성 패턴과 항생제 내성의 유병률의 변화를 조사하기 위하여 실시 하였다. 본 연구에서는 남성이 여성보다 항생제 내성이 높게 나타났다. 그리고 연령에 따라 항생제 내성률이 증가하였다. 2006년 항생제 내성률은 penicillin, oxacillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, clindamycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, fusidic acid, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, clindamycin, rifampicin에서 각각 97.7%, 60.5%, 57.4%, 48.8%, 41.1%, 44.2%, 44.2%, 14.7%, 13.2%, 3.9% 나타났으며, 2016년 항생제 내성률은 penicillin, oxacillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, clindamycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, fusidic acid, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, clindamycin, rifampicin에서 각각 95.9%, 62.6%, 55.7%, 28.6%, 50.3%, 34.7%, 38.8%, 34.0%, 2.7%, 8.2%로 나타났다. Vancomycin, linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin, teicoplanin 는 항생제 감수성에서 100%를 나타내었다. 특히, fusidic acid는 2006년에 비하여 2016년에 내성이 19.3% 증가하였고, 감수성이 12.4% 감소하였으며, 통계적으로 유의하였다. 따라서, 미생물 및 항생제 변화의 주기적인 검토와 이해를 통해 적절한 항생제 감수성을 지속적으로 연구해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.389-395
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• 2012

배양 비의존적 미생물 군집분석법의 하나로 활발하게 이용되고 있는 T-RFLP (terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism) 분석과 실험동물을 이용한 생균제의 장관 정착 평가를 시도해 보았다. 장관 정착 평가를 위한 생균제는 cinnamoyl esterase 활성 보유 유산균을 발효 침채류로부터 분리하였고, 16S ribosomal RNA 유전자 염기서열 분석을 통해 동정하였다. 분리 균주 중, cinnamoyl esterase에 의한 chlorogenic acid 분해활성이 높고, 내산성 및 담즙산 내성의 평가 결과가 우수한 Lactobacillus plantarum KK3 균주를 생균제로 선정하였다. 배양 후, 냉동건조하여 제조한 생균제를 생쥐에게 투여한 다음, T-RFLP 분석을 이용하여 생쥐 분변의 미생물상을 모니터링하였다. 생균제 투여에 따라 검출되기 시작한 L. plantarum의 T-RF가 투여 중지 후 24일까지 지속됨을 확인하여 T-RFLP 분석법이 생균제로 사용한 L. plantarum의 장관 정착 평가에 유용한 것으로 나타났다. 생균제 투여 전 생쥐의 분변에서 검출되지 않았던 cinnamoyl esterase 활성 보유 L. plantarum이 투여 중지 후 24일차 분변에서 배양법으로 검출되어 L. plantarum KK3 균주의 생쥐 장관 정착이 확인되었다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.287-298
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• 2004

As a part of Korea Deep Ocean Study program, we investigated the distribution of planktonic protists in the upper 200 m of the northeast Pacific from $5^{\circ}N$ to $17^{\circ}N$, along $131^{\circ}30'W$. Area of divergence was formed at $9^{\circ}N$ which is boundaries of the north equatorial counter current (NECC) and the north equatorial current (NEC) during this cruise. Chlorophyll-a concentration was higher in NECC than in NEC area. Pico chl-a(<$2\;{\mu}m$) to total chl-a accounted for average 89% in the study area. The contribution of pico chl-a to total chl-a was relatively high in NEC area than in NECC area. Biomass of planktonic protists, ranging from 635.3 to $1077.3\;mgC\;m^{-2}$(average $810\;mgC\;m^{-2}$), was most enhanced in NECC area and showed distinct latitudinal variation. Biomass of HNF ranged from 88.7 to $208.3\;mgC\;m^{-2}$ and comprised 15% of planktonic protists. Biomass of ciliates ranged from 123.6 to $393.0\;mgC\;m^{-2}$ and comprised 25% of planktonic protists. Biomass of HDF ranged from 407.2 to $607.8\;mgC\;m^{-2}$ and comprised 60% of planktonic protists. HDF was the most dominant component in both NECC and NEC areas. Nano-protist biomass accounted for more than 50% of total protists in the both areas. The contribution of nanoprotist to total protists biomass was relatively higher in NEC area than in NECC. The biomass of planktonic protists was significantly correlated with phytoplankton biomass in this study area. The size structure of phytoplankton biomass coincided with that of planktonic protists. This suggested that the structure of the planktonic protists community and the microbial food web were dependent on the size structure of the phytoplankton biomass. However, biomass and size structure of planktonic protist communities might be significantly influenced by physical characteristics of the water column and food concentration in this study area.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2007

This study aimed to investigate the hexachlorobenzene (HCB) dechlorinating ability of sediment microbes collected from a natural canal receiving secondary effluents from an industrial estate and nearby factories. Nine sites along the stream and one in the estuary in the Gulf of Thailand into which the canal spills were specified and sampling for sediment and water. Preliminary analysis of the sediments showed that the first four sites nearest to the discharging location were contaminated by HCB within the range of 0.18 to 1.25 ppm. Apart from that, 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene which has never been commercially produced or used in any manufacturing processes except for the transformation from higher chlorinated benzene was also identified in the range of 0.16 to 0.24 ppm. This suggested a possibility of sporadically HCB contamination in this stream. Of more important, people in the community along this canal earn their living by coastal fishery; hence, posing a risk of spreading HCB and its less chlorinated congeners via food chain from caught marine creatures to human. As a result, there is an urgent need to understand the behavior of HCB dechlorination in this stream sediment which can lead to a clean-up action in the future. Serum bottles with sediment slurries (sediment to water ratio of 1:1 (v/v) and filtered to remove particles larger than 0.7 mm) from each site were inoculated with 2 mg/l of HCB, kept anaerobically in the dark at room temperature without any nourishment, and analyzed for HCB and its less-chlorinated congeners every 6 days. Total chemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, and volatile suspended solids were in the range of 21,492-73,584, 158,100-518,100 and 6,000-32,700 mg/l, respectively. It was found that all sediment slurries began to dechlorinate HCB in 12 to 30 days and the HCB was completely removed within 42 to 60 days or so. On the other hand, there was no HCB dechlorination occurred in the controlled set which was sterilized by autoclaving prior to the addition of HCB. This implies that the HCB transformation was solely due to microorganisms' activities. HCB was dechlorinated principally via pentachlolobenzene to 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene and terminated at 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene which is the major pathway as reported by many researchers. Dichlorobenzene has not been detected in any samples within the dechlorination period of 60 days. The results indicate that the microbial matrix in the sediment of this stream has an outstanding capability to dechlorinate HCB. Existing substrates and nutrients which mainly sorbed onto the solid phase and the typical temperature in Thailand were sufficient and suitable to promote the activities of these HCB-dechlorinating microbes.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.234-241
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• 2007

여러가지의 선발된 미생물로 구성된 미생물비료는 토양 개량과 식물 생장 촉진을 위해서 여러 유기물과 결합하여 이용되기도 한다. 미생물 비료를 미생물 비료 단독으로 그리고 도시 가로수 부산물 퇴비, 가금류 분뇨 부산물, 레드클로버와 귀리의 피복작물 등의 유기물과 같이 토양에 처리하여 토양의 화학적 또는 생물학적 특성에 미치는 효과를 측정하였다. 액체상의 미생물 비료를 2년동안 3회 처리하였다. 미생물 비료 단독으로는 pH, K, 유기물 함량에 영향을 미치지 않았지만, 미생물비료의 처리는 2년 가을 모두 가금류 분뇨 부산물을 처리한 토양의 인산 함량을 증가시켰고, 첫해 가을에 퇴비를 처리한 토양의 칼슘함량을 증가시켰으며, 레드클로버를 처리한 토양의 Ca, Mg, 그리고 양이온교환용량을 감소시켰다. 미생물 비료는 레드클로버가 처리된 토양에서 첫 해 7월에 탈수소효소 활성을 증가시켰다. 미생물 비료는 유기물이 처리되지 않은 토양이나 퇴비가 처리된 토양에서 FDA의 가수분해도를 가끔 증가시켰다. 가금류 분뇨 부산물과 레드 클로버가 처리된 토양의 FDA 가수분해도와 가금류 분뇨 부산물이 처리된 토양의 탈수소효소활성은 미생물 비료의 처리로 감소하였다. 한편, 미생물 비료의 처리는 BIOLOG에 의한 토양 미생물 군락의 생리생태적 다양성에는 영향을 미치지 못했다. 따라서 토양의 미생물학적 특성에 미치는 미생물비료의 효과는 같이 투여되는 유기물의 종류에 따라 다양하다고 할 수 있으며, 탈수소효소의 활성은 레드클로버가 처리된 토양에서, 그리고 FDA 가수분해도는 퇴비와 귀리가 처리된 토양에서 가끔 증가했다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2015년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.768-770
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• 2015

유전체 염기서열 분석비용이 크게 감소하면서 유전체 정보 생산이 본격화됨에 따라 시스템 생물학 기반의 통합 및 표준화된 오믹스 데이터베이스 구축이 필요하다. 이에 따라 현재 진행중인 연구 수행의 결과로 얻어진 차세대유전체서열(NGS) 및 전사체(transcriptome) 등의 대용량 정보를 수집하였고 이를 표준화 형식에 맞춰 농업생명공학정보센터(NABIC)에 등록하였다. 또한 농업생명자원 생물정보를 품목별, 개체별로 통합 저장소를 구축하였으며 농업생명자원 생물정보를 품목별, 개체별로 통합 저장소를 구축하였다. 농업생명공학정보센터 오믹스 정보등록시스템 서비스와의 연계 및 확충작업을 하기위해 시스템 기능 개선 및 유지보수 작업을 수행하였다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.438-442
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• 2005

1. 회분식 실험결과 유기물의 함량이 높은 음식물만을 기질로 이용한 경우보다 폐활성 슬러지의 혼합비율이 $10{\sim}20%$일 때 더 높은 수소생산을 나타내었다. 또한 폐활성 슬러지의 혼합비율이 40%인 경우에는 메탄이 발생하여 생성된 수소가 소모되는 반응을 나타내었다. 2. 연속 실험의 경우 HRT를 줄여 유기물의 부하를 증가시킬 경우 수소생산량이 급격히 증가하였으며, HRT 2일까지는 미생물의 wash out 없이 안정적 수소생산을 보였다. 3. 음식물과 폐활성 슬러지를 이용한 연속 운전을 HRT와 두 기질의 비율을 달리하여 운전한 결과 2일의 HRT와 FW:WAS=80:20의 비율에서 140 mL $H_2/g$ VSS의 높은 수소생산율을 얻을 수 있었다. 4. 음식물 쓰레기와 폐활성 슬러지의 비율을 적절히 혼합할 경우, 수소생산의 상승작용을 할 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다. 5. SEM과 FISH 분석을 통하여 반응조 내의 수소 미생물의 공간적 분포 및 형태를 관측하였으며, 음식물이나 슬러지 주변에 많은 수소생산 미생물이 관측되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1345-1352
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• 2016

The hindgut of horses is an anaerobic fermentative chamber for a complex and dynamic microbial population, which plays a critical role in health and energy requirements. Research on the gut microbiota of Mongolian horses has not been reported until now as far as we know. Mongolian horse is a major local breed in China. We performed high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes V4 hypervariable regions from gut fecal material to characterize the gut microbiota of Mongolian horses and compare them to the microbiota in Thoroughbred horses. Fourteen Mongolian and 19 Thoroughbred horses were used in the study. A total of 593,678 sequence reads were obtained from 33 samples analyzed, which were found to belong to 16 phyla and 75 genera. The bacterial community compositions were similar for the two breeds. Firmicutes (56% in Mongolian horses and 53% in Thoroughbred horses) and Bacteroidetes (33% and 32% respectively) were the most abundant and predominant phyla followed by Spirochaete, Verrucomicrobia, Proteobacteria, and Fibrobacteres. Of these 16 phyla, five (Synergistetes, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, TM7, and Chloroflexi) were significantly different (p<0.05) between the two breeds. At the genus level, Treponema was the most abundant genus (43% in Mongolian horses vs 29% in Thoroughbred horses), followed by Ruminococcus, Roseburia, Pseudobutyrivibrio, and Anaeroplasma, which were detected in higher distribution proportion in Mongolian horses than in Thoroughbred horses. In contrast, Oscillibacter, Fibrobacter, Methanocorpusculum, and Succinivibrio levels were lower in Mongolian horses. Among 75 genera, 30 genera were significantly different (p<0.05) between the two breeds. We found that the environment was one of very important factors that influenced horse gut microbiota. These findings provide novel information about the gut microbiota of Mongolian horses and a foundation for future investigations of gut bacterial factors that may influence the development and progression of gastrointestinal disease in horses.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.517-522
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• 2013

The effect on methanogens attached to the surface of rumen ciliate protozoa by the addition of plant extracts (pine needles and ginkgo leaves) was studied with particular reference to their effectiveness for decreasing methane emission. The plant extracts (pine needles and ginkgo leaves) were added to an in vitro fermentation incubated with rumen fluid. The microbial population including bacteria, ciliated-associated methanogen, four different groups of methanogens and Fibrobacter succinogenes were quantified by using the real-time PCR. Gas profiles including methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen, and runinal fermentation characteristics were observed in vitro. The methane emission from samples with an addition of individual juices from pine needles, ginkgo leaves and 70% ethanol extract from ginko leaves was significantly lower (p<0.05, 27.1, 28.1 and 28.1 vs 34.0 ml/g DM) than that of the control, respectively. Total VFAs in samples with an addition of any of the plant extracts were significantly lower than that of the control (p<0.05) as well. The order Methanococcales and the order Methanosarcinales were not detected by using PCR in any incubated mixtures. The ciliate-associated methanogens population decreased from 25% to 49% in the plant extacts as compared to control. We speculate that the supplementation of juice from pine needles and ginkgo leaves extract (70% ethanol extract) decreased the protozoa population resulting in a reduction of methane emission in the rumen and thus inhibiting methanogenesis. The order Methanobacteriales community was affected by addition of all plant extracts and decreased to less than the control, while the order Methanomicrobiales population showed an increase to more than that of the control. The F. succinogenes, the major fibrolytic microorganism, population in all added plant extracts was increased to greater than that of the control. In conclusion, pine needles and ginkgo leaves extracts appear to have properties that decrease methanogenesis by inhibiting protozoa species and may have a potential for use as additives for ruminants.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.1330-1338
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Acanthopanax senticosus extract (ASE) as a dietary additive on gut microflora in weaned piglets. A total of sixty pigs were weaned at 21 d of age (BW = $5.64{\pm}0.23kg$) and allocated on the basis of BW and litter to three dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. The dietary treatments were: control group (basal diet), antibiotics group (basal diet+0.02% colistin), and ASE group (basal diet+0.1% ASE). On d 7, 14 and 28 after consuming the experimental diets, five piglets per group were sacrificed and then the contents from the jejunum, ileum and cecum were collected to determine changes in the microbial community by using a polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) technique and estimating the contents of Lactobacillus and E. coli by in vitro culturing methods. The results showed that the ASE promoted the microflora diversity in the cecum. Enumeration of bacteria in the gut contents showed that the number of Lactobacillus increased (p<0.05), while that of E. coli decreased (p<0.05) when compared with the other 2 groups as the days of age progressed post-weaning. These findings suggested that the ASE, as a substitute for dietary antimicrobial products, could improve the development of the normal gut microflora and suppress bacterial pathogens, and effectively promote a healthy intestinal environment.