• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.113-116
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• 2010

The silica coated $Fe_3O_4$ nanoparticles have been synthesized using a micro-emulsion method. The $Fe_3O_4$ nanoparticles with the sizes 6 nm in diameter were synthesized by thermal decomposition method. Hydrophobic $Fe_3O_4$ nanoparticles were coated silica using surfactant and tetraethyl orthosilicated (TEOS) as a $SiO_2$ precursor. Shell thickness of silica coated $Fe_3O_4$ can be controlled (11~20 nm) through our synthetic conditions. The $Fe_3O_4$ and silica coated $Fe_3O_4$ nano powders were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and vortex magnetic separation (VMS).

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2015년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.171-172
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• 2015

$Ni-W-Si_3N_4$ alloy composite coatings were prepared by pulse electro-deposition method using nickel sulfate bath with different contents of tungsten source, $Na_2WO_4.2H_2O$, and dispersed $Si_3N_4$ nano-particles. The structure and micro-structure of coatings was separately analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results indicated that nano $Si_3N_4$ and W content in alloy had remarkable effect on micro-structure, micro-hardness and scratch resistant properties. Tungsten content in Ni-W and $Ni-W-Si_3N_4$ alloy ranged from 7 to 14 at.%. Scratch test results suggest that as compared to Ni-W only, $Ni-W-Si_3N_4$ prepared from Ni/W molar ratio of 1:1.5 dispersed with 20 g/L $Si_3N_4$ has shown the best result among different samples.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권9호
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• pp.3121-3125
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• 2023

Neutron conversion detectors that use ¹⁰B-enriched boron carbide are feasible alternatives to ³He-based detectors. We prepared boron carbide films at micron-scale thickness using direct-current magnetron sputtering. The structural characteristics of natural B₄C films, including density, roughness, crystallization, and purity, were analyzed using grazing incidence X-ray reflectivity, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, and scanning electron microscopy. A beam profile test was conducted to verify the practicality of the ¹⁰B-enriched B₄C neutron conversion layer. A clear profile indicated the high quality of the neutron conversion of the boron carbide layer.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.301-312
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• 2015

Corrosion of zirconium fuel cladding is known to limit the lifetime and reloading cycles of fuel in nuclear reactors. Oxide layers formed on ZIRLO4^{TM}$ cladding samples, after immersion for 300-hour and 50-day in a simulated primary water chemistry condition ($360^{\circ}C$ and 20 MPa), were analyzed by using the scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), in-situ transmission electron microscopy (in-situ TEM) with the focused ion beam (FIB) technique, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Both samples (immersion for 300 hours and 50 days) revealed the presence of the ZrO sub-oxide phase at the metal/oxide interface and columnar grains developed perpendicularly to the metal/oxide interface. Voids and micro-cracks were also detected near the water/oxide interface, while relatively large lateral cracks were found just above the less advanced metal/oxide interface. Equiaxed grains were mainly observed near the water/oxide interface.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.550-555
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• 2007

The effective fracture toughness testing of materials intended for application in Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) devices is required in order to improve understanding of how micro sized material used in device may be expected to perform upon the micro scale. ${\gamma}$-TiAl based materials are being considered for application in MEMS devices at elevated temperatures. Especially, in Alloy 4, both ${\alpha}_2$ and ${\gamma}$ lamellae were altered markedly in 3,000 h, $700^{\circ}C$ exposure. Parallel decomposition of coarse ${\alpha}_2$ into bunches of very fine (${\alpha}_2+{\gamma}$) lamellae. Parallel decomposition of coarse ${\alpha}_2$ into bunches of very fine (${\alpha}_2+{\gamma}$) lamellae. The materials were examined 2 types Alloy 4 on heat exposed specimen($700^{\circ}C$, 3,000 h) and no heat exposed one. Micro sized cantilever beams were prepared mechanical polishing on both side at $25{\sim}30{\mu}m$ and electro final stage polishing to observe lamellar orientation of same colony with EBSD (Electron Backscatter Diffraction Pattern). Through lamellar orientation as inter-lamellae or trans-lamellae, Cantilever beam was fabricated with Focused Ion Beam(FIB). The directional behavior of the lamellar structure was important property in single material, because of the effects of the different processing method and variations in properties according to lamellar orientation. In MEMS application, it is first necessary to have a reliable understanding of the manufacturing methods to be used to produce micro structure.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.671-678
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• 2001

$RuO_2$ 박막을 전극으로 하여 Pt/Ti/Si 기판 위에 $RuO_2$ /LiPON/$RuO_2$의 다층 구조로 이루어진 전고상의 박막형 마이크로 슈퍼캐패시터를 제작하였다. 전극용 $RuO_2$박막은 반응성 dc 마그네트론 스퍼터를 이용하여 $O_2$/[Ar+$O_2$]비를 증가시키며 성장시켰고, 비정질 LiPON 고체전해질 박막은 순수한 질소분위기 하에서 rf 스퍼터링으로 성장시켰다. 상온에서의 충-방전 측정을 통해 $RuO_2$ 박막의 미세구조에 따라 슈퍼캐패시터의 사이클 특성이 영향을 받는 것을 알 수 있었다. Glancing angle x-ray diffraction(GXRD)과 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 분석을 통해 산소 유량의 증가가 $RuO_2$박막의 미세 구조의 영향을 주는 것을 알 수 있었고, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 분석을 통해 산소 유량 비의 증가가 Ru과 산소간의 결합에도 영향을 줌을 알 수 있었다. 또한 사이클 후 슈퍼캐패시터의 TEM 및 AES depth profiling 분석을 통해, 충-방전 시 $RuO_2$와 LiPON과의 계면반응에 의해 형성된 계면 층이 사이클 특성에 영향을 줌을 알 수 있었다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2010

뼈는 단계별 (hierarchical) 구조를 가진 복합 재료이며 독특한 구조와 기계적 특성 때문에 재료공학 분야에서 많이 연구되어져 왔다. 뼈는 주로 hydroxyapatite, 콜라겐과 물로 구성된 층판형 유 무기 재료 복합체이다. 주요 무기물로써 hydroxyapatite로 잘 알려진 calcium phosphate를 통하여 뼈는 특유의 강도를 유지하게 된다. 본 실험에서는 광학 현미경(LM)과 투과전자현미경(TEM)을 이용하여 토끼와 닭 대퇴골의 구조를 연구하였다. 구성물질 분석은 대퇴골의 calcium, potassium, oxygen 분포 변화를 알아보는데 이용하였다. 실험은 두 구조 범위에 중점을 두었다: micro scale에서 치밀골의 배열을, nano scale에서 콜라겐 섬유와 apatite 결정을 관찰하였다. Micro scale에서 닭과 토끼 대퇴골 구조의 뚜렷한 차이점이 발견되었다. Nano scale에서는 apatite 결정의 모양과 크기 그리고 콜라겐의 배열을 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과 토끼와 닭은 종이 다름에도 불구하고 nano scale에서는 화학성분과 구조가 매우 유사한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 1992

도토리 전분 및 전분겔의 형태학적 특성을 주사전자현미경 및 X-회절도를 사용하여 조사하였다. 주사전자현미경에 의해 관찰한 도토리 전분입자의 형상은 대부분이 모서리가 둥글어진 삼각형이나 타원형이었다. 도토리 전분의 장경, 단경을 측정하여 각각의 분포양상을 분석하였고, 그로부터 얻은 평균치는 단경이 4.785 $\mu\textrm{m}$, 장경이 7.30$\mu\textrm{m}$이었고, 장단경의 비율은 0.68이었다. 도토리 전분겔의 표면구조 검사결과 조전분겔의 표면은 입자들이 팽창하여 그대로 층층이 쌓여진듯한 형상이었고, 정제전분겔은 다소 섬유상의 구조를 나타내어 서로 상당히 다른 양상을 보였다. 또한 X-선 회절도에 의하여 도토리 전분입자의 결정성을 조사한 결과 C-type으로 분석되었다. 전분겔의 X-선 회절양상은 호화에 의한 전분입자의 붕괴로 인하여 전분의 경우와는 매우 다르게 2$\theta$ 14.5~15.0, 26.8~27.4에서 극대값을 보였고, 정제전분겔의 회절강도가 조전분겔보다 다소 높게 나타나고 있었다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.267-277
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• 2021

Nitriding layers developed during gaseous nitriding of AISI4115 steels for the application of steel bushing part were investigated. The compound layer thickness of about 10㎛, 0.3mm of case depth under the same conditions, and conventional nitriding, nitrocarburizing, and controlled nitriding were performed in three methods. In the controlled nitriding, K_N was controlled by measuring the hydrogen partial pressure. The nitrided samples were analyzed by micro Vickers hardness test, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The phases of compound layer were identified by X-ray diffraction and electron backscatter diffraction. The controlled nitriding specimen indicated the highest surface hardness of about 860 HV_0.1. The compound layer of the conventional nitriding and nitrocarburizing specimen was formed with about 46% porous layer and 𝜺 + 𝜸' phase, and about 13% porous layer and about 80% 𝜸' phase were formed on the controlled nitriding specimen. As a result of the Ball-on-disk wear test, the worn mass loss of ball performed on the surface of the controlled nitriding specimen was the largest. The controlled nitriding specimen had the highest surface hardness due to the lowest porous percentage of compound layer, which improved the wear resistance.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.143-157
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• 2021

Expansive soil is the most predominant geologic hazard which shows a large amount of shrinkage and swelling with changes in their moisture content. This study investigates the macro-mechanical and micro-structural behaviours of dredged natural expansive clay from coal mining treated with ordinary Portland cement or hydrated lime addition. The stabilised expansive soil aims for possible reuse as pavement materials. Mechanical testing determined geotechnical engineering properties, including free swelling potential, California bearing ratio, unconfined compressive strength, resilient modulus, and shear wave velocity. The microstructures of treated soils are observed by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive spectroscopy to understand the behaviour of the expansive clay blended with cement and lime. Test results confirmed that cement and lime are effective agents for improving the swelling behaviour and other engineering properties of natural expansive clay. In general, chemical treatments reduce the swelling and increase the strength and modulus of expansive clay, subjected to chemical content and curing time. Scanning electron microscopy analysis can observe the increase in formation of particle clusters with curing period, and x-ray diffraction patterns display hydration and pozzolanic products from chemical particles. The correlations of mechanical properties and microstructures for chemical stabilised expansive clay are recommended.