• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.471-477
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• 2010

훈연 돔배기의 제조조건 설정과 저장 특성을 검토하였다. 돔배기를 $10^{\circ}C$에서 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24시간 염지액에 침지시킨 후 가열처리하여 관능검사를 실시한 결과 12시간 침지 처리구가 가장 우수하였다. 훈연 돔배기의 제조 조건은 건조 $60^{\circ}C$/30분, 조리 $80^{\circ}C$분, 훈연 $65^{\circ}C$/40분으로 훈연한 처리구가 관능적으로 가장 우수하였다. 포장방법을 달리한 돔매기의 $10^{\circ}C$ 저장 중 휘발성 염기태 질소(VBN) 함량은 비훈연 돔배기를 함기포장 또는 진공포장 한 경우 각각 12일 또는 5주 경과 후 20 mg%이상이었으나 훈연 돔배기는 저장 전기간 동안 25 mg%미만이었다. DPPH free radical 소거능의 변화는, 훈연 돔배기(73.9 %)가 비훈연 돔배기(4.54 %)에 비해 높은 소거능을 나타내었으며, 총 폴리페놀 함량 또한 훈연 돔배기가 비훈연 돔배기에 비해 약 4배 정도 높았다. 저장 중 총균수는 비훈연 돔배기는 함기포장, 진공포장구 각각 저장 12일째, 5주째 $10^6\;CFU/g$ 이상이었으며, 훈연 돔배기는 함기포장과 진공포장 모두 저장 전기간 동안 $10^4\;CFU/g$ 이하를 나타내었다. 대장균구수의 변화도 총균수의 변화와 유사하였다. 훈연 돔배기의 기호성은 비훈연 돔배기에 비해 맛, 풍미, 색, 외관, 종합적 기호도에서 유의적으로 우수하였다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.377-388
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• 2000

Objective : This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of Sunghyangchungisan (SHCS) on the regulation of vascular tone and $Ca^{2+}$ metabolism in arterial tissues. Vascular rings isolated from rabbit carotid artery were myographed isometrically in isolated organ baths and the effect of SHCS on contractile activities, endothelial function and $Ca^{2+}$ metabolism were determined. Methods : In phentobarbital sodium-anesthetized rabbits, SHCS administered through ear vein (100 mg/Kg body wt.) or intragastric dwelling tube (300 mg/Kg body wt.) attenuated phenylephrine (PE, 10 ${\mu}g$/Kg, i.v.)-induced increases in both systolic and diastolic cartoid arterial blood pressure. Results : In experiments with isolated arterial strips, SHCS relaxed arterial rings which were pre-contracted by phenylephrine (PE, 1 ${\mu}M$). The responses to SHCS were partially dose-dependent at concentrations lower than 0.5 mg/ml. When SHCS was applied prior to the exposure to PE, it inhibited the PE-induced contraction by a similar magnitude which was comparable to the relaxation of pre-contracted arterial rings. Washout of SHCS after observing its relaxant effect resulted in a full recovery of PE-induced contractions, indicating that the action mechanism is reversible. The observation that SHCS did not change the $ED_{50)$ of PE oh its dose-response curve ruled out the possible interaction of SHCS with ${\alpha}$-receptors. The relaxant effect of SHCS was not affected by removal of endothelium or a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-NAME. Methylene blue, an inhibitor of the soluble guanylate cyclase, did not affect the relaxant effect of SHCS. These results suggest that the action of SHCS is not mediated by the endothelium nor soluble guanylate cyclase. Constant cGMP production determined in arterial strips in the presence or absence of SHCS is consistent with this conclusion. When contraction was induced by additive application of $Ca^{2+}$ in arterial rings which were pre-depolarized by high $K^+$ in a $Ca^{2+}$-free solution, the relaxant effect of SHCS was attenuated by increasing the $Ca^{2+}$ concentration. SHCS, when applied to the arterial rings pre-contracted by PE and then relaxed by nifedipine, a $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocker, did not show additive relaxation. SHCS partially blocked $Ca^{2+}$ influx stimulated by PE and high $K^+$ which was determined by 5-min ^{45}Ca$ uptake, while it did not affect $Ca^{2+}$ efflux. Conclusions : From above results, it is suggested that SHCS relax PE-induced contraction of rabbit carotid artery in an endothelium independent manner, andinhibition of $Ca^{2+}$ influx may contribute to the underling mechanism.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2003

Background: There is abundance of studies on the decrease in body fat through limited calorie intake or exercise; however, studies focusing simultaneously on functional foods and exercise are rare. This study was aimed to identify the effects of combination of a functional beverage and exercise on body composition and biochemical metabolic profiles. Method: Eighty-one healthy volunteers (69 females aged 19 to 50 years and 12 males aged 19 to 55 years), who maintained their body weight stable with 23 or higher in BMI (kg/$m^2$) and 25% or higher body fat for the last three months, were recruited in the study through written advertisement. All the subjects gave their informed consent, and the study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study design was a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel group design. All participants were given 12-week programed-exercise, which was performed 3 times a week. One bottle (100 ml) of test (Garcinia cambogia 300 mg, L-carnitine 20 mg, Soy peptide 1,000 mg) or placebo solution was given daily 30 min before each session of programed-exercise. BMI (body mass index), %fat, local fat amount (visceral and mid-thigh), waist circumference, skin fold thickness and some biochemical metabolic parameters like glucose, insulin and free fatty acids, etc in the blood were measured and compared before and after 12-week intervention within groups as well as between groups according to the protocol Results: Twenty six volunteers were dropped out and fifty five volunteers completed the study. At the end of 4, 8, and 12 weeks, approximately 1.98%, 3.00% and 3.50% losses of initial body weight were observed, respectively, in the test group (P<0.01), and 0.29, % ,0.74%, 1.60%, respectively, in the placebo group (P>0.05). BMI changed by 2.40%, 3.41% and 4.46%, respectively, in the test group, and 0.38%, 0.95% and 1.75%, respectively, in the placebo group, at each period of time. The reductions of body weight and BMI were significantly higher in the test group than in the placebo group at each period of time (P<0.05). Conclusions: It is thought that the combination of functional beverage, which contains mostly garcinia cambogia, L-carnitine, and soy peptide, and exercise have synergy effects on reducing body fat.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.394-408
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• 2002

Nanostructured high strength metastable Al-, Mg- and Ti-based alloys containing different amorphous, quasicrystalline and nanocrystalline phases are synthesized by non-equilibrium processing techniques. Such alloys can be prepared by quenching from the melt or by powder metallurgy techniques. This paper focuses on one hand on mechanically alloyed and ball milled powders containing different volume fractions of amorphous or nano-(quasi)crystalline phases, consolidated bulk specimens and, on the other hand. on cast specimens containing different constituent phases with different length-scale. As one example. $Mg_{55}Y_{15}Cu_{30}$- based metallic glass matrix composites are produced by mechanical alloying of elemental powder mixtures containing up to 30 vol.% $Y_2O_3$ particles. The comparison with the particle-free metallic glass reveals that the nanosized second phase oxide particles do not significantly affect the glass-forming ability upon mechanical alloying despite some limited particle dissolution. A supercooled liquid region with an extension of about 50 K can be maintained in the presence of the oxides. The distinct viscosity decrease in the supercooled liquid regime allows to consolidate the powders into bulk samples by uniaxial hot pressing. The $Y_2O_3$ additions increase the mechanical strength of the composites compared to the $Mg_{55}Y_{15}Cu_{30}$ metallic glass. The second example deals with Al-Mn-Ce and Al-Cu-Fe composites with quasicrystalline particles as reinforcements, which are prepared by quenching from the melt and by powder metallurgy. $Al_{98-x}Mn_xCe_2$ (x =5,6,7) melt-spun ribbons containing a major quasicrystalline phase coexisting with an Al-matrix on a nanometer scale are pulverized by ball milling. The powders are consolidated by hot extrusion. Grain growth during consolidation causes the formation of a micrometer-scale microstructure. Mechanical alloying of $Al_{63}Cu_{25}Fe_{12}$ leads to single-phase quasicrystalline powders. which are blended with different volume fractions of pure Al-powder and hot extruded forming $Al_{100-x}$$(Al_{0.63}Cu_{0.25}Fe_{0.12})_x$ (x = 40,50,60,80) micrometer-scale composites. Compression test data reveal a high yield strength of ${\sigma}_y{\geq}$700 MPa and a ductility of ${\varepsilon}_{pl}{\geq}$5% for than the Al-Mn-Ce bulk samples. The strength level of the Al-Cu-Fe alloys is ${\sigma}_y{\leq}$550 MPa significantly lower. By the addition of different amounts of aluminum, the mechanical properties can be tuned to a wide range. Finally, a bulk metallic glass-forming Ti-Cu-Ni-Sn alloy with in situ formed composite microstructure prepared by both centrifugal and injection casting presents more than 6% plastic strain under compressive stress at room temperature. The in situ formed composite contains dendritic hcp Ti solid solution precipitates and a few $Ti_3Sn,\;{\beta}$-(Cu, Sn) grains dispersed in a glassy matrix. The composite micro- structure can avoid the development of the highly localized shear bands typical for the room temperature defor-mation of monolithic glasses. Instead, widely developed shear bands with evident protuberance are observed. resulting in significant yielding and homogeneous plastic deformation over the entire sample.

• 공업화학
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.406-412
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• 1994

Water glass로부터 ${\delta}-Na_2Si_2O_5$를 합성하여, 이의 칼슘과 마그네슘의 이온교환성, 이온교환에 대한 열역학적 특성치를 조사하였다. Water glass로부터 합성한 ${\delta}-Na_2Si_2O_5$의 최적 합성온도가 $725^{\circ}C$ 근처임을 알았다. 이온교환반응에 있어서 마그네슘 이온교환능이 칼슘 이온교환능보다 우수하였고, 마그네슘의 이온교환능은 온도에 민감하지 않은 반면에, 칼슘의 이온교환능은 온도에 민감하여 온도증가에 따라 이온교환능의 증가폭이 큼을 알 수 있었다. 초기 수용액 pH 변화에 따른 칼슘과 마그네슘의 이온교환능은 초기 수용액 pH가 2~6 사이에서 약간 감소하였으나, 6 이상에서는 ${\delta}-Na_2Si_2O_5$의 알카리 완충효과 때문에 각각 일정하게 나타났다. 이온교환 Gibbs 자유에너지는 이온교환 선택성의 역순으로 칼습 이온 교환반응이 마그네슘 이온교환반응보다 높게 나타났으며, 엔탈피와 엔트로피값도 칼슘 이온교환반응이 마그네슘 이온교환 반응보다 높게 나타났다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.104-111
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• 2009

This paper shows the behaviors of macro- and micro-structures and mechanical properties for specimen's welding region welded by FSW. according to welding conditions with 5mm thickness aluminum 5083O alloy plate. It apparently results in defect-free weld zone in case traverse speed was changed to 32 mm/min under conditions of anti-clockwise direction and tool rotation speed such as 800 and 1250 rpm with tool's pin diameter of 5 ${\Phi}mm$ and shoulder diameter of 20 ${\Phi}mm$, pin length of 4.5 mm and tilting angle of $2^{\circ}$. The ultimate stress of ${\sigma}_T=331$ MPa and the yield point of 147 MPa are obtained at the condition of the travel speed of 32 mm/min with the tool rotation speed of 1250 rpm. There is neither voids nor cracks on bended surface of $180^{\circ}$ after bending test. The improvement of toughness after impact test was found. The lower rotating and traverse speed became, the higher were yield point, maximum stress and elongation(%) with the stresses and the elongation(%) versus the traverse speed diagram. Vickers hardness for cross section of welding zone were also presented. The typical macro-structures such as dynamically recrystallized zone, thermo-mechanically affected zone and heat affected zone and the micro-structures of the transverse cross-section were also showed. However, the author found out that the region of 6mm far away from shoulder circumference was affected by friction heat comprehensively, that is, hardness softened and that part of micro-structures were re-solid-solution or recrystallized, the author also knew that there is no mechanically deformation on heat affected zone but there are the flow of plastic deformation of $45^{\circ}$ direction on thermo-mechanically affected zone and the segregation of Al-Mg on nugget. The solid solution wt(%) of parent material as compared against of friction stir welded zone was comprehensively changed.

• 약학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.199-205
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• 1985

It was previously reported that the deterioration rate of contractile force of the isolated heart from ginseng extract treated rat was slower than that from control. Present study was carried out to investigate the mechanism of the action of ginseng on the contractile force of the papillary muscle in terms of calcium metabolism. Rats weighing 200-300g were administered orally with ginseng ethanol extract (100mg/kg/day) for more than 10 days. The isolated papillary muscles from rat hearts were suspended in bath containing Krebs-Henseleit solution. When equilibration of contractile force of papillary muscle was reached, the rates of deterioration of contractile forces of papillary muscle from ginseng component treated rats were determined by washing with Ca-free Krebs-Henseleit solution and compared with that of normal hearts. At the beginning of washing, the rate of deterioration of contractile force of the papillary muscle was slower significantly in ginseng treated rats than in control rats, suggesting that calcium may be somehow involved in sustaining the contractility in ginseng treated hearts. Anoxia of papillary muscle with nitrogen gas to muscles inhibited the contractility, but differences between control and ginseng treated groups in the rate of deterioration were not observed. Influence of diltiazem, calcium blocker, on the contractility of papillary muscle from ginseng treated and control hearts was studied. Contractility of papillary muscle from control and ginseng treated hearts was inhibited by diltiazem in dose dependent manner but the inhibition of the ginseng treated muscles was much weak. The effect was significantly different. From the results, it seemed that slowing in deterioration rate of papillary muscle from ginseng treated hearts might be related to calcium which was mobilized from plasma membrane of internal organelle by ginseng.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.20-31
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• 1998

Adsorption of metal elements onto illite and halloysite was investigated at $25^{\circ}C$ using pollutant water collected from the gold-bearing metal mine. Incipient solution of pH 3.19 was reacted with clay minerals as a function of time: 10 minute, 30 minute, 1 hour, 12 hour, 24 hour, 1 day, 2 day, 1 week, and 2 week. Twenty-seven cations and six anions from solutions were analyzed by AAs (atomic absorption spectrometer), ICP(induced-coupled plasma), and IC (ion chromatography). Speciation and saturation index of solutions were calculated by WATEQ4F and MINTEQA2 codes, indicating that most of metal ions exist as free ions and that there is little difference in chemical species and relative abundances between initial solution and reacted solutions. The adsorption results showed that the adsorption extent of elements varies depending on mineral types and reaction time. As for illite, adsorption after 1 hour-reaction occurs in the order of As>Pb>Ge>Li>Co, Pb, Cr, Ba>Cs for trace elements and Fe>K>Na>Mn>Al>Ca>Si for major elements, respectively. As for halloysite, adsorption after 1 hour-reaction occurs in the order of Cu>Pb>Li>Ge>Cr>Zn>As>Ba>Ti>Cd>Co for trace elements and Fe>K>Mn>Ca>Al>Na>Si for major elements, respectively. After 2 week-reaction, the adsorption occurs in the order of Cu>As>Zn>Li>Ge>Co>Ti>Ba>Ni>Pb>Cr>Cd>Se for trace elements and Fe>K>Mn>Al, Mg>Ca>Na, Si for major elements, respectively. No significant adsorption as well as selectivity was found for anions. Although halloysite has a 1:1 layer structure, its capacity of adsorption is greater than that of illite with 2:1 structure, probably due to its peculiar mineralogical characteristics. According to FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) results, there was no shift in the OH-stretching bond for illite, but the ν1 bond at 3695 cm-1 for halloysite was found to be stronger. In the viewpoint of adsorption, illite is characterized by an inner-sphere complex, whereas halloysite by an outer-sphere complex, respectively. Initial ion activity and dissociation constant of metal elements are regarded as the main factors that control the adsorption behaviors in a natural system containing multicomponents at the acidic condition.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2019

Objectives : This study was performed to compare the effect of two Cudrania tricuspidata cultivars; Sancheong native (CT) and varieties in china(SCT) on immediate hypersensitivity of the anaphylactic type and Ova-induced allergic asthma mouse model by calculating serum cytokines and IgE. Methods : We investigated the free radical scavanging effect and quantify total phenol contents and total flavonoids of two Cudrania tricuspidata cultivars; Sancheong native(CT) and varieties in china(SCT). The sample was extracted by 80% EtOH. To induce the allergic asthma, in the control group and the CT group, mice of each group were sensitized intraperitoneally with ovalbumin (OVA) solution at the 1st, the 7th and the 14th day. After then, sensitization was performed by aerosol allergen challenges with 1% OVA solution intratracheally at the 21th, the 23th, 25th and the 27th day. At the 29th day, the mice were killed and the changes of interferon-${\gamma}$, interleukin-4, 5 and 10, total IgE and OVA-specific IgE in serum were checked. Results : CT inhibited compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylaxis 90% with a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight at 1 hr before injection of compound 48/80. In the allergic asthma mouse model, IFN-${\gamma}$ was did not increased in the CT and SCT group than that in the control group. IL-4, IL-5, the total IgE and OVA-specific IgE were decreased in the CT group as compared with the control group and these results were statistically significant. Conclusions : Considering the above experimental results, this study showed that Sancheong native cultivar could reduce the allergic reaction.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.539-549
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• 2012

본 연구는 오징어 가공식품개발의 기초자료확보를 위하여 산(acetic acid, 0~5%) 처리와 예비가열($55^{\circ}C$, $80^{\circ}C$) 후 열처리($100^{\circ}C$)에 따른 오징어의 이화학적 성분 변화를 조사하였다. 일반성분 함량은 수분이 약 73~78%, 조단백이 약 19~24%였으며 자숙 오징어의 일반성분 함량은 산 농도에 따라서 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 자숙 오징어의 모든 시료에서 주요 유리당은 ribose와 glucose이었으며, $55^{\circ}C$ 예비가열 시료는 다른 시료보다 glucose 함량이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 총 유리당 함량은 표피 무제거 시료와 $80^{\circ}C$ 예비가열 시료순으로 높았고 $55^{\circ}C$ 예비가열 시료가 상대적으로 매우 낮았다. 모든 시료들의 유리아미노산 함량은 proline 함량이 가장 높았고 taurine, histidine 순으로 많이 함유되어 있었으며, 모든 자숙 오징어군에서 산 용액 처리농도에 따른 유의적인 영향을 보였다(p<0.05). 총 유리아미노산 함량은 $55^{\circ}C$ 예비가열 시료가 가장 높았고 $80^{\circ}C$ 예비가열, 표피 무제거 시료순으로 나타났다. 핵산관련물질은 모든 시료에서 inosine이 검출되지 않았고 ATP 함량이 가장 낮았다. $55^{\circ}C$와 $80^{\circ}C$ 예비가열 시료는 hypoxanthine 함량이 가장 높고 AMP와 IMP 함량이 비슷한 수치를 보였으나 표피 무제거 시료는 IMP 함량이 표피제거 시료보다 높았다. 지방산은 포화지방산이 약 40%로 palmitic acid 함량이 매우 높았고 불포화지방산은 약 60%로 EPA와 DHA 함량이 높았다. 지방산중 DHA 함량이 가장 높고 palmitic acid, EPA 순으로 나타났으며 이 세 가지가 총 지방산의 약 85%를 차지하고 있었다. 지방산은 산 처리와 가열 방법에 따른 뚜렷한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 무기질의 함량은 인의 함량이 가장 높았고 칼륨, 나트륨, 마그네슘, 칼슘 순이었으며 예비가열 온도 또는 산 용액 농도에 따른 유의적인 영향을 받았다. 그리고 중금속류인 카드뮴, 납, 비소는 미량으로 나타나 식품 기준치보다 낮은 수준이었다.