• Applied Microscopy
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.13-30
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• 1985

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of lead on organisms. Mice received 15mg or 30mg of lead acetate per kg body weight every day for 1, 2 or 3 weeks, and the livers and kidneys were removed 24h after repeated injections. The livers and kidneys were used as sources for measurement of enzyme activities and for observation of alterations in ultrastructure. It was observed that body weights of mice treated with lead acetate were decreased when compared with those before treatment. This decrease in body weight was proportional to dose. The enzyme activities of succinate and malate dehydrogenases of experimental group that was treated with lead acetate for 1 week were nearly unchanged when compared with controls, but the enzyme activities of experimental group that was treated with lead acetate for 2 or 3 weeks were lower than those of controls. Changes in the enzyme activities were dependent on, but were not proportional to dose. Histologic examination of livers and kidneys after lead treatment showed that lead compound was accumulated and damaged in nucleus and mitochondria mainly. It was also observed that intranuclear inclusion bodies were formed only in epithelial cell of kidney proximal tubule after lead treatment. The overall changes in the ultrastructure were much greater in the livers than in the kidneys. From the above results, it nay be possible to conclude that the lead results in the decrease in body weight, reduction in the succinate dehydrogenate and malate dehydrogenase activities, and damages in the ultrastructure of kidney and liver in mouse. The presence of intranuclear inclusion bodies only in the kidney implies that these bodies protect the kidney from lead toxicity to some extent.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2003

Effects of ambient nitrite, NO$_2$$\^$-/, at 1, 3, 10 and 30 mg/1, on the changes of plasma nitrite/nitrate and on hepatic drug - metabolizing enzyme activity were examined in the juvenile Israeli carp, Cyprinus carpio. When the fish were exposed to 1 and 3 mg/1 NO$_2$$\^$-/, there was an exposure duration-dependent increase in plasma NO$_2$$\^$-/ over the 96-hr period reaching 6∼7 fold excess the ambient concentration. In the fish exposed to 10 mg/1, a plateau concentration of less than 2-fold of the environment was attained in 12 hr. With 30 mg/1, however, the maximal plasma NO$_2$$\^$-/ was 41.25 mg/1 at 12 hr followed by a gradual decline. There was a concentration-dependent increase in methemoglobin (metHb) level in all NO$_2$$\^$-/ -exposed groups and a significant decrease in hematocrit value in 30 mg/l group after 96-hr exposure. Apart from the blunted increase in plasma NO$_2$$\^$-/ with higher NO$_2$$\^$-/ (10 and 30 mg/1) exposure, the ratio of plasma NO$_3$$\^$-/ to NO$_2$$\^$-/ was signifirantly higher in these groups compared to 1 and 3 mg/1. The imbalance in the plasma NO$_3$$\^$-//NO$_2$$\^$-/ at higher NO$_2$$\^$-/ exposure suggests a possible accelerated conversion of NO$_2$$\^$-/ to NO$_3$$\^$-/. Nitrite exposure did not affect the hepatic drug-metabolic activities in juvenile Israeli carp. All these data indicate that disposition of NO$_2$- differ depending upon exposed concentration and that metHb production may not be the exclusive toxic mechanism in carp.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1629-1636
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 솔순의 기능성에 관한 연구를 위하여 에탄올 추출물로 여러 가지 생리활성과 아질산염 소거작용에 대하여 분석하였다. 우선, 솔순의 항산화 활성을 측정하기 위하여 DPPH, SOD 유사활성, XO 저해활성을 측정하였다. 그 결과 DPPH법을 통해 측정한 솔순의 항산화력은 1 mg/ml에서 88.9%의 radical 소거능을 나타내었으며, 동량의 BHA와 비교했을 때 유사한 항산화력이 측정되었다. 이것은 솔잎보다 항산화 활성이 높은 것으로 솔순의 항산화력에 관한 높은 이용가치를 의미한다. SOD 유사활성은 10 mg/ml 농도에서 47.9%로 비교적 높은 SOD 유사활성을 나타내었다. Xanthine oxidase 저해활성 측정 실험에서는 1 mg/ml에서 71.9%의 높은 xanthine oxidase 저해 활성을 나타내었다. Tyrosinase의 저해 효과는 시료의 농도가 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으나 전체적인 활성은 4 mg/ml의 솔순 에탄올 추출물에서 15.2%로 나타났다. 솔순 추출물에 대한 항균력을 조사하기 위해 식중독균주인 S. aureus, E. coli, V. paraheamolyticus에 대한 성장저해 효과를 측정하였다. 그 결과 E. coli와 V. paraheamolyticus에 대해 높은 항균력을 나타냈다. 항고혈압 측정실험에서는 시판되는 항고혈압제와 동일한 농도($1{\mu}g/ml$)에서 captopril은 93.0%, 솔순은 50.6%의 저해률을 나타냈으며, $100{\mu}g/ml$에서는 60.8%의 저해률을 나타내어 ACE 저해 활성이 뛰어난 것으로 나타났다. 또한 LPS에 의하여 유도된 NO 합성은 $200{\mu}g/ml$ 농도의 솔순 에탄올 추출물을 처리함으로서 NO 합성률이 54.0% 정도 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 솔순 에탄올 추출물이 면역기능과 밀접한 관계가 있음을 나타내고 있다. 이상의 결과로 보아 솔순 에탄올 추출물의 우수한 생리활성을 증명하고 있고, 또한 솔잎 추출물에 비해 항산화력, 자유레디칼 소거활성능, 미백효과, 면역활성 및 항고혈압 효과가 높은 것으로 나타나 기능성식품의 소재로서 그 활용도가 높을 것으로 판단된다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2011

The anti-cancer effects of Angelica keiskei ethanol extract were evaluated in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. The concentrations of extract were 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mg/mL. Dose-dependent reductions in the number of cells with altered cell shape and pyknotic nuclei were observed at 48 h after treatments. MTT assay also exhibited a similar dose-dependent reduction in mitochondrial reductase activity (p<0.05), in particular, with a rapid reduction in the activity of the 5 mg/mL group. Analysis of cell death with propidium iodide (PI) staining revealed only a slight increase in cell death in the 5 mg/mL group. Analysis of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporations also showed a dose-dependent reduction in cell proliferation (p<0.05). Finally, increases in total radical oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in cells, as revealed by DCF-DA staining, were observed in the treated groups in a similar dose-dependent fashion (p<0.05). These results indicate that Angelica keiskei ethanol extract exhibiting anti-cancer effects in MDA-MB-231 cells causes multiple changes in cell shape, enzyme activity, and ROS accumulation, thereby inducing cell death.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.403-407
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• 1997

Medium components for maximum activity of NAD$^{+}$-dependent formate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.2; FDH) were optimized with a methanol-assimilating yeast Hansenula sp. MS-364, preserved by our laboratory. The maximum activity of the enzyme was obtained when the strain was cultivated at 30$circ$C for 24 hours in a medium containing methanol 3%(v/v), yeast extract 0.8%(w/v), K$_{2}$HPO$_{4}$, 0.1%(w/v), KH$_{2}$PO$_{4}$ 0.1%(W/V), MgSO$_{4}$, 7H$_{2}$O 0.05%(w/v), and the pH of the culture broth was adjusted at 5.0.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.290-297
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 전통적인 방법으로 제조한 황칠 식초의 유기산 함량을 측정하고 항산화 효과와 항당뇨 효과, 알코올 대사 효소 활성 및 HepG2 세포에 대한 간보호 효과를 알아보았다. 황칠 식초의 유기산 분석결과 acetic acid가 91.72 mg/ml로 가장 높았고, 그 다음으로는 lactic acid (7.31 mg/ml), malic acid (1.36 mg/ml), succinic acid (1.20 mg/ml) 순으로 나타났다. 황칠 식초의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 13.73 ㎍ TAE/ml으로 나타났다. DPPH radical 소거능은 농도 의존적으로 증가하였으며 60% 농도에서 76.04%로 나타났고, SOD 활성은 60% 농도에서 95.14%로 나타났다. 황칠 식초 10% 농도에서의 α-glucosidase 저해 효과는 98.94%로 높게 나타났다. 알코올 분해 활성을 알아보기 위해 ADH 및 ALDH 활성을 측정한 결과, 두 가지 효소 모두 황칠 식초의 농도 의존적으로 증가하였으며 60% 농도에서의 ADH 및 ALDH 활성은 각각 43.62% 및 60.39%로 나타났다. 황칠 식초 0.6% 농도에서는 tacrine으로 유도된 HepG2 세포주에 대하여 간보호 활성이 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과에서 전통적인 방법으로 제조한 황칠 식초는 기능성 건강 음료로서 활용 가능성이 높은 것으로 생각된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1572-1575
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• 2006

Water extract from Cnidii Rhizoma (CRW) was tested for colon cancer chemopreventive activity by measuring the induction of phase II detoxification enzyme activity [quinone reductase (QR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST)] and glutathion (GSH) levels and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in cultured human colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells. CRW inhibited cell proliferation in cultured HT-29 cells. CRW induced QR activity in a dose-dependent manner in a concentration range of 0.1${\sim}$5.0 $mg/m{\ell}$. GST activity was also induced with the treatment of CRW in HT-29 cells. In addition GSH levels was increased with CRW. CRW inhibited ODC activity, a key enzyme of polyamine biosynthesis, which is enhanced in tumor promotion. These results suggest that CRW has colon cancer chemopreventive activity by increasing phase II enzyme activity and GSH levels and inhibiting ODC activity in vitro.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.113-127
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• 1992

The present study was investigated to elucidate the effects of chlorambucil the heart tissue of various-aged rats. The male rats ranging from 3 to 36 months were used. The cytochemical and biochemical changes in myocardium of the rats were studied in the aspect of free radical roles in aging process. With the goals of evaluating the potential roles of free radicals in aging process, evidence was shought for alterations of myocardial lipid peroxide levels in control and chlorambucil treated rats. The result are summarized as follows: 1. Cytochemical studies showed that the activities of $Mg^{++}$-ATPase and succinic dehydrogenase increased with age. However, these enzyme activities were decreased with treatment of chlorambucil, when compared with control group. Interestingly it was observed that chlorambucil treatment increased the activity of acid phosphatase from 6 months upto 18 months, and decreased after 18 months. 2. The lipid peroxide level in myocatdium was increased with age; chlorambucil-treated group was higher than that of control group. 3. Age-dependent increase in activities of monoamine oxidase, xanthine oxidase and catalase was observed. But the increase of catalase activity was higher than that of monoamine oxidase and xanthine oxidase activity in control group. However, in chlorambucil-treated group, age-dependent decrease of these enzyme activities was observed, and catalase activity was more significant particularly with regard to other enzymes. In consequently, the morphological alterationsof myocardium due to chlorambucil treatment was exclusively observed. We demonstrate that this alteration is occured by lipid peroxidation upon chlorambucil treatment.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.347-355
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• 2004

초석잠 메탄올 추출물이 뇌신경전달물질과 관련이 있는 acetylcholine esterase, monoamine oxidase 및 xanthine oxidase의 활성억제효과에 대하여 실험하였다. 실험관내에서 초석잠 추출물을 각각 100 및 200mg/kg씩 첨가한 다음 실험한 결과 첨가농도가 증가할수록 과산화지질의 생성을 억제하여 용량 의존형으로 나타났다. 쥐를 대상으로 20일간 투여한 동물실험에서는 초석잠 추출물 100 mg/kg을 식이에 혼합하여 투여한 결과 지질 과산화의 생성을 억제하였다. Acetylcholine esterase의 활성의 경우 초석잠 추출물을 100 mg/kg 투여한 결과 대조군에 비하여 효소활성이 23.11%로 억제되었고, monoamine oxidase 및 xanthine oxidase 활성이 각각 21.93% 및 63.58%로 억제되었다. 그리고 초석잠 추출물을 100 mg/kg을 투여한 경우 xanthine dehydrogenase로부터 xanthine oxidase로의 형전환비율은 28%로 현저하게 억제되었다. 또한, Xanthine dehydrogenase로부터 oxidase로의 형전환비율을 실험한 결과 정상상태에 비하여 억제됨을 알 수 있었다.

• ALGAE
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.311-319
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• 2014

The biocide sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is widely used for controlling algal growth, and this application can be extended to marine environments as well. This study evaluates the biocidal efficiency and cellular toxicity of NaOCl on the harmful dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides, with emphasis on pigment production and antioxidant enzyme activity. The test organism showed dose-dependent decrease in growth rate on exposure to NaOCl, and the 72 h $EC_{50}$ was measured to be $0.584mg\;L^{-1}$. NaOCl significantly decreased pigment levels and chlorophyll autofluorescence intensity, indicating possible detrimental effects on the photosystem of C. polykrikoides. Moreover, it significantly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, suggesting the production of reactive oxygen species in the cells. These data indicate that NaOCl exerted deleterious effects on the photosynthetic machinery and induced oxidative damage in the dinoflagellate and this biocide could be effectively used for the control of algal blooms.