• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2018

Blastocystis is an enteric Straminopile in tropical, subtropical and developing countries. Metronidazole has been a chemotheraputic for blastocystosis. Failures in its regimens were reported and necessitate new studies searching for alternative therapeutic agents. Aim of current study is to investigate potential effects of Atorvastatin (AVA) compared to the conventional chemotherapeutic MTZ in experimentally Blastocystis-infected mice. Anti-Blastocystis efficacy of AVA was evaluated parasitologically, histopathologically and by transmission electron microscopy using MTZ (10 mg/kg) as a control. Therapeutic efficacy of AVA were apparently dose-dependent. Regimens of AVA (20 and 40 mg/kg) proved effective against Blastocystis infections with highreduction in Blastocystis shedding (93.4-97.9%) compared to MTZ (79.3%). The highest reductions (98.1% and 99.4%)were recorded in groups of combination treatments AVA 20-40 mg/kg and MTZ 10 mg/kg. Blastocystis was nearly eradicated by the 20th day post infection. Genotype analysis revealed that genotype I was most susceptible, genotype III was less. Histopathologic and ultrastructural studies revealed apoptotic changes in Blastocystis and significant improvement of intestinal histopathological changes more remarkable in combinational therapy groups. Thus, the present study offers AVA as a potential candidate for Blastocystis therapy combined with MTZ.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.90-94
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• 2012

A simple and sensitive electrochemical sensor for simultaneous and quantitative detection of ranitidine (RT) and metronidazole (MT) was developed, based on a poly(thionine)-modified anodized glassy carbon electrode (PTH/GCE). The modified electrode showed the excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the reduction of both RT and MT in 0.1M phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.0). The peak-to-peak separations (${\Delta}E_p$) for the simultaneous detection of RT and MT between the two reduction waves in CV and DPV were increased significantly from ca. 100 mV at anodized GCE, to ca. 550 mV at the PTH/GCE. The reduction peak currents of RT and MT were linear over the range from 35 to $500{\mu}M$ in the presence of 200 and $150{\mu}M$ of RT and MT, respectively. The sensor showed the sensitivity of 0.58 and $0.78{\mu}A/cm^2/{\mu}M$ with the detection limits (S/N = 3) of 1.5 and $0.96{\mu}M$, respectively for RT and MT.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.98-104
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• 2000

Pseudomembranous colitis, thought to be uncommon in children, is a bacterial, toxin-mediated inflammatory process resulting in acute or chronic diarrhea and is characterized by colonic pseudomembranes. It is mediated by toxins produced by Clostridium difficile and is increasingly recognized in pediatric population. Diagnosis is based on positive culture of C. difficile in selective media and positive test of C. difficile toxin. Oral metronidazole or vancomycin are the main treatment options but avoidance of further antibiotics should also be encouraged where possible. We have experienced a case of pseudomembranous colitis in a 4-year-old female presented with septic shock and colitis. This case was diagnosed with positive test of C. difficile toxin B and confirmed by isolation of the organism on cultire in selective media. Symptoms have been ameliorated by discontinuation of antibiotics and administration of metronidazole and oral vancomycin, and ICU care.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.517-522
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• 2015

The objective of this study is to report the clinical application of Korean and Western medicine on chronic diarrhea and Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea. Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea is usually triggered by using antibiotics. This patient also took some antibiotics and she started to suffer diarrhea diagnosed as chronic and Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea. She had suffered from diarrhea over 10 times per day. We checked changes of numbers, total volume of defecations and stool form. We treated the patient with acupuncture, moxibustion, herbal medicine and metronidazole. After treatment, diarrhea was stopped and the patient defecated normal form stool. According to this study, acupuncture, moxibustion, herbal medicine and metronidazole was effective for 1 case of stroke patient with chronic and Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.349-353
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• 2018

Metronidazole (MD), which is used as an antibiotic, is largely used as an oral and skin application agent, and has inhibiting effect on the production of the fungus causing malodor. However, the maximum drug inclusion concentration is 0.75% of skin ointment in commercially available. In this study, hydrogels containing high concentration of metronidazole were prepared by using radiation crosslinking technique based on biocompatible polymers, and release characteristics and antimicrobial properties were evaluated. This study was preliminary carried out to investigate whether it could be used effectively as antibacterial dressing materials.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.349-356
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• 1995

We have investigated the action of sodium nitrite on the growth and morphologic changes of T uaginolis and on the treatment of subcutaneous abscess by trichomonad in mice. Sodium nitrite inhibited the growth of metronidazole-sensitive KT9 isolate and metronidazole-resistant CDC85 strain of T vcsinalis as concentration of 6 mM and 10 mM respectively Intraperitoneal injection of sodium nitrite (70 ㎍, 100 ㎍, 130 ㎍/g body weight) did not reduce the size of abscess produced by subcutaneous inoculation of T uasinnlis in mice. T uosinnlis, treated with sodium nitrite at concentration giving about 50% inhibition of growth, showed fissures, many vacuoles and electron-translucent zone in the cytoplasm by transmission electron microscopy. In the case of CDC85 treated with 9 mM sodium nitrite, hydrogenosomal matrical change , destruction of hydrogenosomal membrane, autophagic vacuoles, disappearance of Golgi complex and polysome were notably observed . With above results, it is assumed that sodium nitrite inhibits the growth of metronidazole-sensitive and - resistant strains of T. ucsinalis and induces the morphological changes of 7 uusinalis although it does not affect in reducing of abscess size by vagiginalis in mice.

• 대한치주과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.78-78
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• 1999

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.139-144
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• 2002

Two types of alginate gel beads capable of floating in the gastric cavity were prepared. The first, alginate gell bead containing olive oil(Al-Oil), is a hydrogel bead and its buoyancy is attributable to olive oil held in the alginate gel matrix. The model drug, metronidazole(MZ), contained in Al-Oil was released gradually into artificial gastric fluid. The profiles of MZ release from Al-Oil shown initial burst and after 90 min they were about 100%. The second, alginate gel bead containing curdlan microsphere(Al-C), is a gel bead with curdlan-MZ microsphere in the matrix. To sustained release rate of drug, alginate bead were prepared curdlan microsphere containing MZ. Results demonstrated that sustained delivery of MZ over 2h can be easily achieved while the bead remained float. The release properties of prepared alginate beads are applicable not only for sustained release of drugs but also for targeting the gastric mucosa.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.341-348
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cefuroxime axetil,　semisynthetic cefalosporin, for some putative periodotopathogens; F. nucleatum, A. actinomycetemcomitans P. intermedia and P. gingivalis. To investigate the efficacy of cefuroxime axetil, several antibiotics, amoxicillin, metronidazole, and ciprofoxacine, were used as control. The MIC was measured by Murray' s method. The MIC of cefuroxime axetil against some putative microbes, as a single use regimen, was relatively high in comparison with that of the other antibiotics used in this study. The MIC of cefuroxime axetil/metronidazole against some putative microbes, as a simultaneous regimen, was similar to that of the other antibiotics used in this study. The manimal level of cefuroxime concentration in gingival fluid was 9${\mu}$/ml at 36hr after the first dose. In conclusion, within the limited experiment, metronidazole/ cefuroxime axetil therapy of periodontitis may provide a therapeutic benefits in reducing the periodontopathogens.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.126-131
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to observe the potentiality of a mixture of antibiotics to relieve the endodontic and periapical infections in primary teeth. A mixture of metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and minocyclin in distilled water or in a root canal sealer were used to disinfect the infected endodontic and periapical lesions. For application of this mixture, medication cavities were prepared at orifices of root canals by using the $Fissurotomy^{(R)}$ burs(S S White, USA). The cavities and bottom of pulp chamber were filled with antibiotics mixture. In this cases, clinical symptoms were improved following a single application of that mixture. Gingival swelling, pain, and fistulae were disappeared within a week. More long term evaluation will be needed. Although there were no reports of side effects, care should be taken if children are sensitive to antibiotics. Within the limitations of this case, the mixture of 3 antibiotics provided an excellent improvement in treatment of infected primary teeth under the physiologic root resorption.