• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2012

We investigated seasonal changes in the mesozooplankton community structure in November 2006 and February, May, and August 2007 at 12 stations in the semi-enclosed Muan Bay, Korea. Forty taxa were sampled, with an average abundance ranging from 1,459 to 20,078 indiv. $m^{-3}$; the highest abundance was detected in August 2007, and the lowest in February 2007. Acartia omorii, A. hudsonica, A. ohtsukai, Bestiolina coreana, Calanopia sp., Paracalanus parvus s. l., Cirripedia larvae, Decapoda larvae, and Gastropoda larvae were the most abundant taxa detected. The species diversity of the mesozooplankton was high around the inner regions in August 2007 but it was relatively low in November 2006. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) revealed significant differences in the structure of mesozooplankton community among the seasons. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), performed to examine the relationships among dominant taxa, stations, and environmental variables, showed that most species of copepods were positively correlated with temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a, and COD concentration. Our results suggested that the mesozooplankton community structure observed in this study might be affected partly by the seasonal changes in environmental variables, such as the status of the sluice gates (i.e., open or closed) and the in situ production of resting eggs by major copepods.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2018

Ground-level ozone ($O_3$) can be a menace for vegetation, especially in Asia where $O_3$ levels have been dramatically increased over the past decades. To ensure food security and maintain forest ecosystem services, such as nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration and functional diversity of soil biota, in the over-populated Asia, environmental standards are needed. To set proper standards, dose-response relationships should be established from which critical levels are derived. The predictor of the response in the dose-response relationship is an $O_3$ metric that indicates the dose level to which the plant has been exposed. This study aimed to review the relevant scientific literature and summarize the $O_3$ metrics used worldwide to provide insights for Asia. A variety of $O_3$ metrics have been used, for which we discuss their strengths and weaknesses. The most widely used metrics are based only on $O_3$ levels. Such metrics have been adopted by several regulatory agencies in the global. However, they are biologically irrelevant because they ignore the plant physiological capacity. Adopting AOT40 ($O_3$ mixing ratios Accumulated Over the Threshold of $40nmol\;mol^{-1}$) as the default index for setting critical levels in Asia would be a poor policy with severe consequences at national and Pan-Asian level. Asian studies should focus on flux-based $O_3$ metrics to provide relevant bases for developing proper standards. However, given the technical requirements in calculating flux-based $O_3$ metrics, which can be an important limitation in developing countries, no-threshold cumulative exposure indices like AOT0 should always accompany flux-based indices.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.756-760
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• 2017

Meeting the growing demand deadlines, reducing the production cost and upgrading the quality control measurements are the reasons why the automotive part manufacturers are venturing into automation. Attaining these objectives is impossible with human inspection for many reasons. Accordingly, the introduction of inspection system purposely for door hinge bracket inspection is presented in this study as an alternative for human inspection. This proposal is designed to meet the demands, features and specifications of door hinge bracket manufacturing companies in striving for increased throughput of better quality. To improve demerits of this manual operation, inspection system is introduced. As the inspection algorithm, template matching algorithm is applied to distinguish the articles of good quality and the poorly made articles. Through the verification test of the inspection process algorithm and the similarity metric matching algorithm, the detection accuracy was 98%, and it was applied to the production site to contribute to the improvement of the productivity due to the decrease of the defective product.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.457-466
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• 2015

Taoyuan pig is a native Taiwan breed. According to the historical record, the breed was first introduced to Taiwan from Guangdong province, Southern China, around 1877. The breed played an important role in Taiwan's early swine industry. It was classified as an indigenous breed in 1986. After 1987, a conserved population of Taoyuan pig was collected and reared in isolation. In this study, mitochondrial DNA sequences and 18 microsatellite markers were used to investigate maternal lineage and genetic diversity within the Taoyuan pig population. Population differentiation among Taoyuan, Asian type, and European type pig breeds was also evaluated using differentiation indices. Only one D-loop haplotype of the Taoyuan pig was found. It clustered with Lower Changjiang River Basin and Central China Type pig breeds. Based on the polymorphism of microsatellite markers, a positive fixation index value ($F_{IS}$) indicates that the conserved Taoyuan population suffers from inbreeding. In addition, high $F_{ST}$ values (>0.2105) were obtained, revealing high differentiation among these breeds. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling showed a clear geometric structure among 7 breeds. Together these results indicate that maternally Taoyuan pig originated in the Lower Changjiang River Basin and Central China; however, since being introduced to Taiwan differentiation has occurred. In addition, Taoyuan pig has lost genetic diversity in both its mitochondrial and nuclear genomes.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.129-142
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• 2011

Traditionally research in Service Oriented Architecture(SOA) security has focused primarily on exploiting standards and solutions separately. There exists no unified methodology for SOA security to manage risks at the enterprise level. It needs to analyze preliminarily security threats and to manage enterprise risks by identifying vulnerabilities of SOA. In this paper, we propose a metric-based vulnerability assessment method using dynamic properties of services in SOA. The method is to assess vulnerability at the architecture level as well as the service level by measuring run-time dependency between services. The run-time dependency between services is an important characteristic to understand which services are affected by a vulnerable service. All services which directly or indirectly depend on the vulnerable service are exposed to the risk. Thus run-time dependency is a good indicator of vulnerability of SOA.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.13 no.5 s.58
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• pp.729-742
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• 2005

This paper studied the ban on 'Po[포]', including hemp and ramie, on the basis of Joseon Wangcho Silok (the True Record of Joseon Dynasty). Po is the important point which can help to understand the people's life related with clothing. This paper showed that in the early years of the Joseon Dynasty, the state had forced kinds of bans on some fabrics many times. Among the bans of the fabrics-making the main part was the bans on Po, along with rice, used as money in those days. The state had on Po enacted on the policy to intend to promote paper money circulation more widely. However, people didn't want to use paper money. The reason why cloth could be practical and functional as a kind of currency was that people could make clothes with it at any time while they used it as money. People avoided using paper money that could not be used in that way, and so did public officials. At that time, Po that was generally used as money was the hemp of five warp threads. The measurement of the hemp in 7chi[촌; a Korean inch] by 35chok[척] and 32cm by 16m by modern metric. It also showed that it has been thought that the blended fabrics are the fabrics that were made of raw silk-threads and cotton threads as warp and weft respectively. However, the fact that there is a record of 'Jeo Ma Gyo Jik Po[저마교직포의]'(blended fabrics and clothes made of ramie and hemp) and there appear the new proofs of the fieldwork investigation shows that the concept of blended fabrics might be various or changeable as time passed.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.86-97
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• 2020

Objective: To propose a three-dimensional (3D) method for evaluating temporomandibular joint (TMJ) changes during Twin-block treatment. Methods: Seventeen patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion treated using Twin-block and nine untreated patients with a similar malocclusion were included in this research. We collected their cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data from before and 8 months after treatment. Segmentations were constructed using ITK-SNAP. Condylar volume and superficial area were measured using 3D Slicer. The 3D landmarks were identified on CBCT images by using Dolphin software to assess the condylar positional relationship. 3D models of the mandible and glenoid fossa of the patients were constructed and registered via voxel-based superimposition using 3D Slicer. Thereafter, skeletal changes could be visualized using 3DMeshMetric in any direction of the superimposition on a color-coded map. All the superimpositions were measured using the same scale on the distance color-coded map, in which red color represents overgrowth and blue color represents resorption. Results: Significant differences were observed in condylar volume, superficial area, and condylar position in both groups after 8 months. Compared with the control group (CG), the Twin-block group exhibited more obvious condyle-fossa modifications and joint positional changes. Moreover, on the color-coded map, more obvious condyle-fossa modifications could be observed in the posterior and superior directions in the Twin-block group than in the CG. Conclusions: We successfully established a 3D method for measuring and evaluating TMJ changes caused by Twin-block treatment. The treatment produced a larger condylar size and caused condylar positional changes.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.329-334
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• 2009

When an optical disc is being played. the pick-up converts light to analog signal at first. The analog signal is equalized for removing the inter-symbol interference and then the equalized analog signal is converted into the digital signal for extracting the synchronized data and clock signals. There are a lot of algorithms that minimize the BER in extracting the synchronized data and clock when high. density optical disc like BD is being played in low speed. But if the high-density optical disc is played in high speed, it is difficult to adopt the same extraction algorithm to data PLL and PRML architecture used in low speed application. It is because the signal with more than 800MHz should be processed in those architectures. Generally, in the 0.13-${\mu}m$ CMOS technology, it is necessary to have the high speed analog cores and lots of efforts to layout. In this paper, the parallel data PLL and PRML architecture, which enable to process in BD 8x speed of the maximum speed of the high-density optical disc as the extracting data and clock circuit, is proposed. Test results show that the proposed architecture is well operated without processing error at BD 8x speed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.183-190
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• 2003

This study was designed to investigate the effects of weight control and changes in serum components using a commercial uncooked food diet on 36 obese women over a period of 8 weeks. The subjects had uncooked food (40 g) with milk or soymilk twice a day instead of meals. The mean body weight and height measurements of the subjects at the outset were 69.1 $\pm$ 9.3 kg and 159.5 $\pm$ 4.4 cm, respectively. Initial daily calorie intake was 103.6 % of RDA, but was significantly lower at 4 and 8 weeks. The subjects showed a significant reduction in weight, body fat mass (p<0.05), anthropo-metric value and skinfold thickness during the experimental period. Hip and upper thigh girth were 102.7 $\pm$ 6.4 cm and 61.7 $\pm$ 4.3 cm at the outset, and fell to 99.3 $\pm$ 5.0 cm and 58.8 $\pm$ 4.1 cm after 8 weeks. The most significant reduction was in abdomen skinfold thickness (p < 0.05) , which went from 32.4 $\pm$ 8.7 mm at first to 24.2 $\pm$ 8.3 mm in after 8 weeks. Serum albumin levels were higher at 4 and 8 weeks than initially but the figures for all of the subjects were within the normal range. Hemoglobin and blood glucose levels were also within the normal range during the experimental period. Initial serum triglyceride level was 110.5 $\pm$ 49.5 mg/dl but fell to 93.2 $\pm$ 48.5 mg/dl after 8 weeks. Our results show that uncooked foods are effective in the diet therapy of obese women.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.283-296
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• 2013

Various video services with networks are increasingly available as smart phones, computers and IPTV are widely used. However, transmission over networks may experience transmission errors due to traffic increases and noise. As a result, video quality may suffer. Therefore, quality monitoring emerges as an important issue. In this paper, we propose a video quality assessment method using bit stream information. The video quality metric is calculated using header information and ES (elementary stream) information. To assess performance of the proposed algorithm, subjective quality assessment tests are conducted (VGA resolution). It is shown high correlation between subjective result and the proposed method.