• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.249-253
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is the development of the simple and precise sampling and analysis method of methyl isocyanate(MIC) in the work place as their secondary aliphatic amine derivatives by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. The urea derivatives are quantitatively and simultaneously derived from MIC with secondary aliphatic amines such as dipropylamine(DPA), dibutylamine(DBA), and dipentylamine (DAA) in methylene chloride. The method is based on sampling glass tube in XAD-2 resin which is coated with secondary aliphatic amines. The samples are desorbed by $2m{\ell}$ methylene chloride and analysed using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector(GC/FID). In the results, the detection limit of the overall procedure and reliable quantity are $0.020-0.027{\mu}g$($1.347-1.740{\mu}g/m^3$(0.529-0.684 ppb) based on a 15 L air volume) MIC per sample. The average desorption efficiencies are 97.96 - 101.23 %. The results of versus storage time are high and stable recovery rates.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.486-490
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• 1997

A stereospecific HPLC method has been developed for the resolution of the enantiomers of salbutamol in human urine. After solid-phase extraction and derivatization with (S)-(-)-${\alpha}$-methyl-benzyl isocyanate, the diastereomeric derivatives were resolved $(R_s=1.59)$ on $5{\mu}M$ octadecylsilan column using 47% methanol as a mobile phase with fluorescence detection. The detection limit of each enantiomer was 10 ng/ml (S/N=3).

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.5-10
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• 2014

A study that copolymerized Ag nanoparticle and furfuryl isocyanate with the crosslinking agent EGDMA (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate), HEMA (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), MMA (methyl methacrylate), MA (methacrylic acid) and the initiating agent AIBN (azobisisobutyronitrile) is presented. Measurement of the physical characteristics of the produced macromolecule showed that the water content is 32.08~32.67%, refractive index 1.446~1.448, visible light transparency 83.2~67.6%, contact angle $68.2{\sim}83.5^{\circ}$ and tensile strength 0.541~0.755 kgf. It is also demonstrated that the addition of Ag nanoparticles is associated with the reduction of UV-B transmittance and increase in tensile strength. The results show that the produced copolymer can be used as a material for ophthalmic lenses with durability and UV-blocking properties.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.667-678
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• 2003

We examined the effect of p-substituents in p-substituted cinnamyl methyl ethers and 1-(p-substituted phenyl)allyl methyl ethers with CSI, and confirmed that the CSI reaction of allyl ethers (p-substituted ethers) is a competitive reaction of $S_Ni{\;}and{\;}S_N1$ mechanism according to the stability of the carbocation. And, the only terminal allylic amine was obtained through the migration reaction in thermodynamic reaction condition.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.364-369
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• 2003

The copolymerizations of 2-fluorohexylethyl acrylate (FA) with 2-(o-(1'-methylpropylidenamino)carboxyl amino)ethyl methacrylate(MEM) with different molar ratios of the two monomers were carried out in methyl ethyl ketone using ${\alpha}$,${\alpha}$'-azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator to synthesize water repellent polyacrylate derivatives with protected isocyanate groups. The contents of FA and MEM in the copolymers were analyzed by NMR. The monomer reactivity ratios of MEM (1) and FA (2) were determined by Kelen-Tudos plot as follows : r$\_$1/＝1.59 and r$\_$2/＝0.50. The number-average molecular weights of the copolymers were in the range of 39400 to 72400 and the polydispersity indexes were about 1.5. The protected isocyanate groups in the copolymers were converted into isocyanate groups above 150$^{\circ}C$. The contact angle of the copolymer with 65 ㏖% of FA fur water was about 95$^{\circ}$.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.107-111
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• 1981

Thirteen Carbanilides, P-chloro, bromo, methyl, ethyl, methoxy and ethoxy carbanilides, 4,4'-dichlorocarbahilide, and 4-bromo, methyl, ethyl, methoxy and ethoxy 4'-chlorocarbanilides have been newly synthesized by reacting P-phenetidime, P-anisidime, anilime, P-chloroanilime, P-bromoanilime, P-methoxy aniline, and P-ethoxy anilime with phenyl and P-chlorophenyl isocyanate, respectively. The compounds generally exhibited antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, and staphylococcus aureus. The results obtained were as follows 4-chlorocarbanilide and 4,4'-clichlorocarbanilide were active against Eschrichia Coli, and Staphylococcus aureus at the concentration of 50 ug/ml. 4-methyl-4'-chloro carbanilide, and 4-ethoxy-4'-chloro carbanilide were active against Escherichia Coli at the concentration of 100ug/ml. 4-methyl-4'-chloro canbanilide were active against Staphylococcus aureus at the concentration of 50ug/ml.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.420-423
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• 1994

Various N'-substituted anilino-N-methyl-N'-nitrosoureas(2a-n) were easily prepared from the reaction of substituted phenylhydraines $(3, 4-CH_3, {\;} 3-, {\;} 4-OCH_3, {\;} 3-, {\;} 4-F, {\;} 3, {\;} 4-Cl, {\;} 4-Br, {\;} 2-, {\;} 3-, {\;} 4-NO_2, 4-(NO_2)_2)$ with methyl isocyanate, followed by the nitrosation with 99% HCOOH and dry sodium lnitrite powder. Surprisingly, of these series of analogus, the anilino-nitrocosureas substituted with eletron-withdrawing nitro groups (2k-a) showed significantly low $ED_{30}$ values of $1.4-3.4 {\mu}g/ml.$ In addition, none of these copounds subtituted with electron-donating groups exhibited cytotoxicities.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.197-206
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• 1984

The derivatives of N-(alkylcarbamoyl) amino acid methyl ester, N-(2-chloroethylcarbamoyl)-glycine methyl ester (7a), -valine methyl ester (8a), -phenylalanine methyl ester (9a), N-(N'-methylcarbamoyl)-glycine methyl ester (7b), -valine methyl ester (8b), and-phenylalanine methyl ester (9b), were prepared by reacting the corresponding free amino acid methyl ester (glycine-, valine-, phenylalanine-methyl ester) with isocyanate (R-N=C=O${\cdot};R=Cl-CH_2-CH_2-or\; CH_3-)$. The prepared N-(alkylcarbamoyl) amino acid methyl esters (7,8,9) were treated with $NaNO_2$/98% HCOOH in order to obtain their nitrosoated products, N-(alkyl-N'-nitrosocarbmoyl)amino acid methyl ester. The compound (7,8,9) gave N-(2-chloroethyl-N'-nitrosocarbamoyl)-valine methyl ester (14a),-phenylalanine methyl ester (15a), N-(N'-alkyl-N'-nitrosocarbamoyl)-glycine methyl ester (13b),-valine methyl ester. (14b), and-phenylalanine methyl ester (15b) respectively under the nitrosoation. On the other hand, N-(2-chloroethylcarbamoyl) glycine methyl ester produced N-(2-chloroethylcarbamoyl)-N-nitrosoglycine methyl ester (13a). The inhibitory activity of the prepared N-(alkylcarbamoyl) amino acid methyl ester (7,8,9) and N-(alkyl-N'-nitrosocarbamoyl) amino acid methyl ester (13,14,15) towards the growth of L1210 murine leukemia cells were examined. Among them the compound (14a) and (15a) exhibit excellent activity having $ED_{50}\; to\;be\;1.5{\mu}g/ml\;and\;3.0{\mu}g/ml respectively.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.4409-4419
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• 2015

The Bhopal gas tragedy involving methyl isocyanate (MIC) is one of the most horrific industrial accidents in recent decades. We investigated the genotoxic effects of MIC in long-term survivors and their offspring born after the 1984 occurrence. There are a few cytogenetic reports showing genetic damage in the MIC-exposed survivors, but there is no information about the associated cancer risk. The same is true about offspring. For the first time, we here assessed the micronucleus (MN) frequency using cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assay to predict cancer risk in the MIC-affected population of Bhopal. A total of 92 healthy volunteers (46 MIC-affected and 46 controls) from Bhopal and various regions of India were studied taking gender and age into consideration. Binucleated lymphocytes with micronuclei (BNMN), total number of micronuclei in lymphocytes (MNL), and nuclear division index (NDI) frequencies and their relationship to age, gender and several lifestyle variabilities (smoking, alcohol consumption and tobacco-chewing) were investigated. Our observations showed relatively higher BNMN and MNL (P<0.05) in the MIC-affected than in the controls. Exposed females (EF) exhibited significantly higher BNMN and MNL (P<0.01) than their unexposed counterparts. Similarly, female offspring of the exposed (FOE) also suffered higher BNMN and MNL (P<0.05) than in controls. A significant reduction in NDI (P<0.05) was found only in EF. The affected group of non-smokers and non-alcoholics featured a higher frequency of BNMN and MNL than the control group of non-smokers and non-alcoholics (P<0.01). Similarly, the affected group of tobacco chewers showed significantly higher BNMN and MNL (P<0.001) than the non-chewers. Amongst the affected, smoking and alcohol consumption were not associated with statistically significant differences in BNMN, MNL and NDI. Nevertheless, tobacco-chewing had a preponderant effect with respect to MNL. A reasonable correlation between MNL and lifestyle habits (smoking, alcohol consumption and tobacco-chewing) was observed only in the controls. Our results suggest that EF and FOE are more susceptible to cancer development, as compared to EM and MOE. The genotoxic outcome detected in FOE reflects their parental exposure to MIC. Briefly, the observed cytogenetic damage to the MIC-affected could contribute to cancer risk, especially in the EF and FOE.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.154-160
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• 2016

The four different vinyl monomers in the reaction of isocyanate-terminated polyurethane prepolymer were used for the preparation of macromonomers and successfully employed in the dispersion polymerization of styrene. The chemical structures of vinyl monomer in macromonomers influenced on the polystyrene particle characteristics, such as the conversion, weight average molecular weights ($M_w$), polydispersity index (PDI), weight average diameter ($D_w$), and uniformity. The conversion of polystyrene increased with amounts of methyl group in vinyl monomer. Also the uniformity of polystyrene particles increased with amounts of methyl group in vinyl monomer.