• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2014

Purpose - The world now recognizes environmental disruption as a serious issue when regarding growth-oriented strategies; therefore, environmental preservation issues become pertinent. Consequently, green distribution is continuously emphasized. However, studying the prediction and association of distribution and the environment is insufficient. Most existing studies about green distribution are about its necessity, detailed operation methods, and political suggestions; it is necessary to study the distribution service industry and environmental service industry together, for green distribution. Research design, data, and methodology - ARIMA (auto-regressive moving average model) was used to predict the environmental service and distribution service industries, and the Granger Causality Test based on VAR (vector auto regressive) was used to analyze the causal relationship. This study used 48 quarters of time-series data, from the 4th quarter in 2001 to the 3rd quarter in 2013, about each business type's production index, and used an unchangeable index. The production index about the business type is classified into the current index and the unchangeable index. The unchangeable index divides the current index into deflators to remove fluctuation. Therefore, it is easy to analyze the actual production index. This study used the unchangeable index. Results - The production index of the distribution service industry and the production index of the environmental service industry consider the autocorrelation coefficient and partial autocorrelation coefficient; therefore, ARIMA(0,0,2)(0,1,1)4 and ARIMA(3,1,0)(0,1,1)4 were established as final prediction models, resulting in the gradual improvement in every production index of both types of business. Regarding the distribution service industry's production index, it is predicted that the 4th quarter in 2014 is 114.35, and the 4th quarter in 2015 is 123.48. Moreover, regarding the environmental service industry's production index, it is predicted that the 4th quarter in 2014 is 110.95, and the 4th quarter in 2015 is 111.67. In a causal relationship analysis, the environmental service industry impacts the distribution service industry, but the distribution service industry does not impact the environmental service industry. Conclusions - This study predicted the distribution service industry and environmental service industry with the ARIMA model, and examined the causal relationship between them through the Granger causality test based on the VAR Model. Prediction reveals the seasonality and gradual increase in the two industries. Moreover, the environmental service industry impacts the distribution service industry, but the distribution service industry does not impact the environmental service industry. This study contributed academically by offering base line data needed in the establishment of a future style of management and policy directions for the two industries through the prediction of the distribution service industry and the environmental service industry, and tested a causal relationship between them, which is insufficient in existing studies. The limitations of this study are that deeper considerations of advanced studies are deficient, and the effect of causality between the two types of industries on the actual industry was not established.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제9권11호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2018

Purpose - Electrical energy saving is one of the practical virtues relating to sustainable living. Therefore, policy-makers has tried to find a way to change the behaviors of individuals to encourage them to actively practice electrical energy saving, even if they have never had this concern or have only passively practiced electrical energy saving to this point. Prior research related to electrical energy saving can be categorized into several types. The first is focused on consumer characteristics linked to electrical energy saving. These studies are based on individual or household socio-demographic variables (e.g., age, gender, household income, education level, occupants, marital status, number of households), and psycho-graphics (e.g., environmental consciousness, value, attitude, motivation, lifestyle). The second is focused on policies (e.g., monetary incentives, information sharing, social comparison, feedback), and technologies (e.g., energy-efficiency home appliances, energy-reduced products, renewable resources). People generally have a favorable attitude towards electrical energy saving, while electrical energy saving practices tend to be less favorable. Therefore, it is necessary for policy-makers to seek out gaps between attitudes and behaviors and find alternatives to reduce these gaps. This study investigates the influence of authenticity on the behavioral intention of electrical energy saving. It is supposed that electrical energy saving practices are likely to be stronger as authenticity of individual or household becomes stronger. This study reviews prior literature and examines various studies to provide an understanding of the relationships between authenticity and electrical energy saving behavioral intention. Research design, data, and methodology - Hypothesis was drawn from analysis based on previous research. The items related to authenticity and electrical energy saving were selected from items found in previous research. To verify this hypothesis, data were collected via experimental survey method and the resulting data were analyzed using reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis. Results - This study found that authenticity had a positive impact on the behavioral intention of electrical energy saving. The higher the perceived degree of authenticity, the higher the behavioral intention of electrical energy saving. Conclusions - This study assesses the impact of authenticity on the behavioral intention of electrical energy saving. In order to enhance the practice of electrical energy saving, it is efficient strategy for policy-maker to improve the perceived authenticity of individuals.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.47-57
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to examine nurses’ perceptions of medication treatment for psychiatric patients and to compare these perceptions with the perceptions held by the patients. The methodology used in this study was a descriptive design with semi-structured and open-ended interviews. This study used a convenience sample of 112 nurses who worked in, and 209 patients who were under psychiatric treatment, in four hospitals attached to a university and one national mental hospital in the city of Seoul. The collected data were analyzed by SAS, using percentages for descriptive purposes, and t-test or x$^2$ for comparing the variables. The results were as follows : 1. There was no significant differences between nurses’ and patients’ perceptions on the extent to which patients complied with their medication treatment. Generally speaking, the mean compliance scores for both nurses and patients was high(nurse : (equation omitted)=3.70, Patient : (equation omitted)=3.76). 2. There was a significant difference in nurses’ and patients’ perceptions on the reasons why patients do not take medication. The nurse group indicated that the patients did not take medication because of the “worry about side effects or habituation(49.53%)”, “boredom from long-term use of medication(26.17%)” and “distrust toward medical staff(12.15% )”, but the patient group indicated that they “did not want to be dependent on medication (25%)”, “forgot to take medication(19.7%) and “worried about side effects or habituation(15.91%). 3. As for the necessity of medication, both groups showed some different responses. Even though both groups were aware of the necessity of taking medication, the patient group(21.53%) showed a more negative response. As (or the effects of medication, both groups (nurses and patients ) showed positive responses. However, the nurse group showed a higher positive response (91.07% ) than the patient group(74.16%), 5. Both the patient and nurse group indicated that the most helpful element for the patient’s life under psychiatric treatment was interviews and conversations with therapists and nurses. However, the nurse group showed a higher response(70.15%) than the patients group(47.15%). According to the patient group, family support for the patient was another important factor for psychiatric treatment and daily struggles. In conclusion, as there were differences between the perception of nurses and patients, the nurse must consider the patients’ subjective perceptions first. They should also revaluate their false belief and prejudice concerning the patients’ perceptions. Such information can provide a base to be applied by the nurses in devloping effective mutual relationships with patients which can in turn help in compliance with medication regimen. As it was confirmed that medication was the most important factor in the patients’ recovery, a thorough education program on the therapeutic effect of medication and the necessity of their continued use after discharge is also needed.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.517-524
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• 2014

구조물의 내용연수 동안 예상되는 지진에 대한 피해와 손실을 최소화하는 것이 내진설계의 최종적인 목표로 볼 수 있다. 이러한 목표를 만족시키기 위한 개념으로 지진하중에 대한 구조물의 손상확률을 나타내는 지진취약도를 작성하여 지진에 대한 구조물의 확률론적 성능평가를 수행한 후, 해당 지역에서 발생 가능한 지진에 대한 연간 초과확률로 표현되는 지진위험도를 활용하여 연간 손실 발생확률을 산정하는 절차를 제시한다. 본 연구는 미국 강진지역의 지진하중을 고려하여 설계된 철골모멘트골조에 대해 취약도를 정량적으로 평가하고 연간 손실 발생확률을 예측하다. 또한 HAZUS의 철골모멘트골조 대표건축물에 대한 손실 평가결과를 비교하였으며, 그 결과 HAZUS에 의한 연간손실이 보수적으로 산정됨을 알 수 있었다. 제시된 방법으로부터 해당 구조물의 내진성능 및 연간 손실 평가를 할 수 있으며, 향후 관련 연구에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 서비스연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.25-39
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• 2018

본 연구는 인류사회의 큰 변화시기를 맞이하여 교육서비스 패러다임도 크게 변화할 필요가 있는 상황에서, 서비스 시대와 제4차 산업혁명시대를 선도할 인재를 양성하기 위한 교육서비스 신모델을 제시하였다. 플라톤이 설립한 최초의 교육기관인 아카데미아부터 최근 신모델인 미네르바스쿨까지 새로운 지평을 연 교육서비스 모델을 분석하고, 서비스시대와 제4차 산업혁명시대에 적합한 인재를 양성하는 교육기관 모델 및 교육서비스 모델을 디자인하였다. 21세기 서비스시대는 직업창조시대이므로 이를 위한 역량향상교육을 중심으로 모델디자인이 수행되었다. 기존 주요 프로그램 조사결과, 새시대의 인력 수요, 역량 요건 등을 분석하여 교육서비스 신모델을 설계하였다. 도구 학문을 중심으로 교육하는 산업사회시대의 교육을 본질학문과 역량학문으로 꿈과 상상력을 키워주는 서비스 시대의 교육으로 개선하는 개념 모델을 설계하고, 상세 모델 디자인 방향을 제시하였다. 새로운 교육서비스를 구현하기 위한 기술적 조건을 도출하고, 교육서비스 성과 향상을 위한 방법론도 제시하였다. 향후 본 연구를 심화시켜 새로운 교육서비스 구현에 대한 연구를 수행할 필요가 있으며, 새로운 모델의 성과에 대한 실증연구도 필요하다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.58-65
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• 2014

본 연구는 국내에서 시행중인 친환경 건축물 인증제도 (G-SEED)에 따른 환경영향 저감 효과를 파악하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위하여, G-SEED 인증을 받은 초등학교 건축물과 인증을 받지 않은 일반 초등학교 건축물을 대상으로, 전과정평가 방법론을 이용하여 4가지 환경영향범주 (지구온난화, 오존층파괴, 산성화, 부영양화)에 따른 환경영향을 평가하고, 결과를 비교하였다. 건축물에 대한 환경영향평가는 자재생산, 자재운송, 시공, 운영단계를 포함하였으며, 운영기간은 40년으로 설정하였다. 두 건축물의 단위연면적당 환경영향을 비교한 결과, 일반 초등학교 건축물에 비해 친환경 인증 초등학교 건축물의 환경영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 예를 들어, 친환경 인증 초등학교 건축물의 지구온난화지수는 3.751 $t-CO_2eq./m^2$ 로 산출된 반면, 일반 초등학교 건축물의 지구온난화지수는 3.282 $t-CO_2eq./m^2$ 로 산출되어, 약 12.5% 크게 나타났다. 이는 G-SEED 인증이 4가지 측면에서의 환경영향의 저감을 보장하지 못한다는 것을 의미한다. 따라서 건축물로부터 발생하는 환경영향의 저감을 달성하기 위해서는 G-SEED에 대한 보완이 필요하다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.229-239
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 탈지미세조류(LEA) 세포벽 분해를 통한 바이오당 생산에 있어 당화효소 사용없이 마이크로파 전처리만을 이용하여 글루코오스와 자일로오스를 생산하는 것이다. LEA의 주성분인 셀룰로오스와 헤미셀룰로오스의 무효소 당화를 위해 산 가수분해 기반의 마이크로파 전처리 조건을 반응표면분석법을 이용하여 최적화하였다. 마이크로파를 이용한 무효소 당화 공정의 주요 변수는 마이크로파 출력(198~702 W), 전처리 시간(39~241 sec)와 황산 농도(0~0.1 mol)로 최적 조건 예측을 위해 중심합성계획법을 이용하여 2차 회귀함수를 도출하였다. 마이크로파 출력과 전처리 시간이 LEA로부터 육탄당(C6)과 오탄당(C5) 생산에 유의한 영향을 주는 변수이며 증가에 따라 육탄당과 오탄당 당화율이 증가하는 경향을 확인하였다. 육탄당과 오탄당 당화율 최대화를 위한 산 가수분해를 적용한 마이크로파 전처리 최적 조건은 마이크로파 출력 700 W, 전처리 시간 185.7 sec와 황산 0.48 mol으로 육탄당 당화율 92.7%와 오탄당 당화율 74.5%가 예측되었으며 확인 실험을 통해 육탄당 당화율 94.2%와 오탄당 당화율 70.8%가 확인되어 예측의 유효성을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 LEA의 셀룰로오스와 헤미셀룰로오스 당화를 위해 산 가수분해 적용 마이크로파 전처리만을 이용한 무효소 당화 공정 적용과 $100^{\circ}C$ 이하의 낮은 온도와 짧은 전처리 시간 적용을 가능하여 기존 전처리 대비 효과적인 공정 임을 입증했다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2015

Purpose - The objective of this study is to verify whether there are differences between Korean and Chinese consumers in the importance of the attributes such as shopping value and loyalty in social commerce. With the purpose of finding out these differences, the following questions are set up as research questions. First, will there be a difference between Korea and China in the importance of attributes of social commerce? Second, will there be a difference between Korean and Chinese consumers in shopping value? Third, will there be a difference between Korean and Chinese consumers in their loyalty? Research design, data, and methodology - The researchers collected data through self-administered questionnaires from Korean and Chinese consumers who had used social commerce within the past six months before answering the questionnaire. First, for social commerce users in Korea, comprising male and female university students in Chungcheong, a questionnaire was circulated. For social commerce users in China, university students within Beijing were surveyed. Responses to 336 questionnaires were used, excluding those with no answers or unreliable answers. Data coding and data cleaning were used. SPSS 18.0 was used. First, exploratory factor analysis is done to verify the validity of testing tools, and Cronbach's α coefficient is used to verify credibility. For factor analysis, the Varimax method is used. To verify the internal consistency reliability of each factor, the Cronbach's α coefficient is used to verify the credibility. Second, a T-test is done to verify differences between Korean and Chinese consumers for the importance of attributes. Third, ANOVA (Analysis of variance) is done to verify differences between Korean and Chinese consumers in shopping value and loyalty. Results - When Korean and Chinese consumers use social commerce, first, the importance of the attributes of social commerce is affected by four factors; playfulness and economic factors are more important to Korean consumers than Chinese consumers. As for informativeness factors, including product information and quality, and buyer comments, there was no confirmed difference between Korean and Chinese consumers. The convenience factor is more important to Chinese consumers than Korean consumers. Second, the factors affecting shopping value for Korean and Chinese consumers were hedonic shopping value and rational shopping value. To see the difference between Korean and Chinese consumers in shopping value factors, a t-test is conducted. As a result, in the rational shopping value factors of social commerce, Korean consumers scored higher than did Chinese consumers. These results were verified to be meaningful through statistics. In the hedonic shopping value factor of social commerce, Korean consumers scored higher than Chinese consumers. These results showed a significant difference. Third, loyalty in social commerce is higher for Chinese consumers than for Korean consumers. However, there is no difference in loyalty depending on sex. Conclusion - These results will hopefully be valuable and used in the future by Korean companies that wish to enter the Chinese social commerce market.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.99-110
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• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship among narcissism, usage motives, usage behaviors, satisfaction with and continuance intention to use fashion social media. Research design, data, methodology - A questionnaire survey was used to collect data after conducting a pilot test. Based on the reliability test of the preliminary questionnaire used for the pilot test, the questionnaire was revised. The final questionnaires were administered to 238 fashion social media users and 216 were used for the data analysis. To assess the validity of these measures, exploratory factor analysis and the confirmatory factor analysis were performed. Structural equation modeling analysis were employed for data analysis. Results - Five factors of the usage motivation of fashion social media were extracted: information-seeking, relationship-seeking, practicality-seeking, enjoyment-seeking and self-expression motives. The statistical analysis confirmed the influence of the narcissism tendency on all of the usage motives of fashion social media, three of the fashion social media usage motives influencing information diffusion behavior, and the influence of the information diffusion behavior on users' satisfaction and continuance intention to use fashion social media. Narcissism exerted the highest influences on self-expression motive followed by information-seeking, enjoyment-seeking, relationship-seeking and practicality-seeking motives in order. Factors affecting fashion information diffusion behaviors are practicality-seeking motive, self-expression motive, and relationship-seeking motive. The greater the diffusion of information, the higher the satisfaction with using fashion social media. The consumers with higher satisfaction intended to use fashion social media and share information more frequently. Conclusions - The results indicate that narcissism is an important factor in fashion social media usage motivation. The main motives for narcissistic people to spread information is for the practical purpose at the most, and then to express their personality and style, and to build relationship with others. The satisfaction through active information sharing behaviors seems to play a key role to lead high continuance intention of fashion social media. These implies that marketing strategies to satisfy consumers' narcissism and motives to use social media, and to stimulate the information diffusion behaviors can be used to meet their needs for higher satisfaction with fashion social media.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.39-57
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• 2021

Purpose - This research uses ocean marine insurance (OMI) statistics, international emails, focus-group interviews, and surveys to fill the gap between the theory of behavioral insurance, particularly status quo bias (SQB), and the practice of OMI in Korea. The contractual forms of OMI, the oldest and most globalized form of commercial insurance, were developed in the UK as the Institute Cargo Clauses in 1906 and revised in 1963, 1982, and 2009. SQB has been academically explored, mostly in health insurance and the financial services sector, but never in OMI. Thanks to the availability of OMI statistics in Korea, we can conduct SQB research here for the first time in this field. Design/methodology - We show the existence of SQB in the OMI of Korea through Korean statistics between 2009 and 2018, email correspondence with experts in the UK, Germany, and Japan, focus-group interviews with Korean OMI underwriters, an in-depth interview with one underwriter, and a survey of 15 OMI insureds (company representatives). Findings - We find that Korean foreign traders rely on the old-type OMI contracts developed in 1963, whereas other industrialized countries use the newest type of OMI contract developed in 2009. With a simple loss ratio analysis during 2009-2018, we show that the behavior of insurers has little to do with rational profit maximization and is instead driven by irrational bias, as they forgo the more profitable contracts provided by the new clauses by keeping the old clauses. The consistent addiction to old types of contracts in the OMI market suggests strong SQB among Korean exporters, importers, bankers, or insurers, which we confirmed in our interviews and survey. Originality/value - This research has significant originality and academic value because it reports new findings with crucial implications for the development of efficient trade practices and policy. First, this research is based on actual statistics that have not been used in previous Korean research on OMI. Second, this research shows that all-risk OMI policies provide more value to insureds, in terms of coverage given premium, than partial coverage policies, which differs from arguments previously made in Korea. Third, this research reveals strong SQB in Korea, where foreign trade plays a pivotal role in economic growth. That bias could be attributable to uninformed traders, informed but idle insurers, or conservative bankers. Fourth, to further develop foreign trade, policy initiatives are needed to review the current practices of OMI contracts and move forward with the new contract forms. All of these findings and arguments are both new and important.