• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2019

스마트폰이 널리 보급되고 수많은 애플리케이션들이 개발됨에 따라서 소프트웨어 저작권 관련하여 사회적인 이슈가 발생하고 있다. 소프트웨어 워터마킹은 디지털 워터마킹 기술을 소프트웨어에 적용한 것으로서 소프트웨어 원저작권자를 판별하는데 사용될 수 있는 기술이다. 안드로이드 환경에서 앱을 개발하기 위해서 일반적으로 자바 언어를 사용한다. 자바는 객체지향 언어로서 메소드 오버로딩과 오버라이딩을 지원한다. 본 논문에서는 메소드 생성 기반 워터마킹 기법을 제안하고 구현하였다. 워터마크로 인한 오버헤드를 평가한 결과, 실행 파일 크기의 증가와 실행 속도의 저하가 크지 않다는 것을 확인하였다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 워터마킹 기법을 사용하면 불법 복제가 의심되거나 실제로 프로그램이 도용되었을 때 저작권 정보를 확인할 수 있으며 불법 복제 시도를 사전에 예방하는 효과도 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2006

A systematic approach is employed to elucidate the interrelationships among macroeconomic entities such as science, engineering, technology, industry and national economy. Specifically, a conceptual, sequential method has been developed to clearly identify the essential ingredients needed for each macroeconomic entity starting from science to transform to the next one, and all the way to the national economy where the production of added-value is of overriding importance. The results thus obtained can then be utilized for macroeconomists to readily apply the engineering theory and knowledge to various macroeconomics situations, while engineers can likewise utilize the results on top of the microeconomic knowledge already prevalent in many engineering fields in getting better grasp of the seemingly difficult nation's macroeconomic picture. Other peripheral concepts and issues such as the evolutionary development of industry, the perspectives of the $21^{st}$ century civilization, an analogy between macroeconomics and chemical engineering, and national policies for each macroeconomic entity are also presented in this study.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2019

In this paper, we propose an efficient congestion control scheme for interworking between 5GS(5G system) and LTE(Long-Term Evolution), called ECC(Efficient Congestion Control). The proposed congestion control scheme (ECC) is considered for coexistence of 5GS and legacy LTE systems and provides a prompt service connectivity based on overriding method while the backoff timer is running in the UE. Also, we briefly introduce Rel-15 5GS from a congestion control perspective and the proposed ECC and simulation results for the existing legacy congestion control mechanism and ECC in the 5GS-LTE coexisting environment are presented. Lastly, the improvement direction is considered in future 3GPP 5GS phase 2 standard in this paper.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회A
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• pp.590-595
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• 2007

It is important to predict the collision behavior of a train consist to improve its crashworthiness. To analyze crash behavior of train, four kinds of methods are mainly used so far. The first is method using multibody dynamics to predict the gross motion of the train set. The second uses 3D FE model to apply the section analysis method in order. The third is used to deduce design specification and evaluate the crashworhiness of a train by using 1D model. The last is to constitute 2D model to check overriding and coupling devices. The train evaluation procedures are so complex that it is difficult to understand or deal with. In this study, VTM for railway train was introduced to simplify the procedures. VTM involves 3D models, 1D models and dynamic components such as suspension and coupling. The method using hybrid concept model makes it possible to do all the things that are mentioned above. To analyze crash behavior tendency of VTM, the model was simulated and the simulation results were discussed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.525-548
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• 2008

This article deals the theory for solving an inverse problem of plate structures using the frequency-domain information instead of classical time-domain delays or free vibration eigenmodes or eigenvalues. A reduced set of output parameters characterizing the defect is used as a regularization technique to drastically overcome noise problems that appear in imaging techniques. A deconvolution scheme from an undamaged specimen overrides uncertainties about the input signal and other coherent noises. This approach provides the advantage that it is not necessary to visually identify the portion of the signal that contains the information about the defect. The theoretical model for Quantitative nondestructive evaluation, the relationship between the real and ideal models, the finite element method (FEM) for the forward problem, and inverse procedure for detecting the defects are developed. The theoretical formulation is experimentally verified using dynamic responses of a steel plate under impact loading at several points. The signal synthesized by FEM, the residual, and its components are analyzed for different choices of time window. The noise effects are taken into account in the inversion strategy by designing a filter for the cost functional to be minimized. The technique is focused toward a exible and rapid inspection of large areas, by recovering the position of the defect by means of a single accelerometer, overriding experimental calibration, and using a reduced number of impact events.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.495-503
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• 2008

Purpose: To date most research related to patients with breast cancer has discriminately investigated the status within or after the treatment although the patients demand holistic nursing care from the time of diagnosis. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the trajectory of breast cancer diagnosis and patients' experiences in the pre-treatment period. Method: This qualitative study used qualitative thematic analysis. Nineteen Korean women who were diagnosed with breast cancer within the last 6 month participated in the study. Individualized interviews were conducted with each participant in a cancer center in K city. The interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using the thematic analysis process. Results: The overriding theme was "the scattered life in an unforeseen swirl", which illustrates the participants' unexpected crisis with confusion and emotional distress. Two subthemes included "falling into an unavoidable journey", and "staggering in a muddle with urgency". The categories were "unexpected probability", "nagging nodularity", "ominous presentiment", "emotional upheaval", "bad thought intrusion", and "a sense of urgency". Conclusion: Patients in the pre-treatment period encountered utter emotional distress and a sense of urgency after being diagnosed breast cancer. Strategies to develop nursing care for patients in this period and nursing implications are discussed.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.1722-1729
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• 2004

This paper presents a design methodology for determining configurations of slider air bearings considering the randomness of the air-bearing surface (ABS) geometry by using the iSIGHT. A reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) problem is formulated to minimize the variations in the mean values of the flying heights from a target value while satisfying the desired probabilistic constraints keeping the pitch and roll angles within a suitable range. The reliability analysis is employed to estimate how the fabrication tolerances of individual slider parameters affect the final flying attitude tolerances. The proposed approach first solves the deterministic optimization problem. Then, beginning with this solution, the RBDO is continued with the reliability constraints affected by the random variables. Reliability constraints overriding the constraints of the deterministic optimization attempt to drive the design to a reliability solution with minimum increase in the objective. The simulation results of the RBDO are listed in comparison with the values of the initial design and the results of the deterministic optimization, respectively. To show the effectiveness of the proposed approach, the reliability analyses are simply carried out by using the mean value first-order second-moment (MVFO) method. The Monte Carlo simulation of the RBDO's results is also performed to estimate the efficiency of the proposed approach. Those results are demonstrated to satisfy all the desired probabilistic constraints, where the target reliability level for constraints is defined as 0.8.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2014

Indian Construction industry is large, volatile, and requires tremendous capital outlays. Typically, the work offers low rates of return in relation to the amount of risk involved. A unique element of risk in the industry is the manner in which disputes and claims are woven through the fibre of the construction process. Delay is generally acknowledged as the most common, costly, complex and risky problem encountered in construction projects. Because of the overriding importance of time for both the Owner and the Contractor, it is the source of frequent disputes and claims leading to lawsuits. The growing rate of delays is adversely affecting the timely delivery of construction projects. Presently construction industries are facing a lot of problems, considering that a paper assess construction stakeholder's perception to the causes of delays and its effects on project delivery. And also one case study is considered in this paper to elicit responses from construction stakeholders. The primary aim of this paper is to identify the perceptions of the different parties regarding causes of delays, the allocation of responsibilities and the types of delays, and method of minimizing the construction delays.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.409-421
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• 2013

Purpose: This qualitative study was designed to explore and describe the nursing staff reported experiences of managing the medical needs of nursing home residents in South Korea. Methods: Using a focus group interview method, qualitative data were collected from March to May 2012. Twenty five registered nurses and nurse aids working in nursing homes were recruited through a convenient sampling method. Participants participated in one of four focus group interviews lasted up to two hours in which their day-to-day experiences of taking care of the medical needs of the elderly residents. All interviews were recorded and transcribed in verbatim, and analyzed according to the qualitative thematic analysis method using MAXQDA software. Results: The overriding theme was 'experiencing differences between the requirements of the regulatory system and the actual reality of the work place.' The findings of differences between what were true and what is required was based in four subcategories. The nursing home residents had far more medical needs than what were reported. Another finding was that the family members were seen as non-supportive and negligent towards the residents. Conclusion: The findings of the study support the need for changes in the regulatory system. The regulatory limitations of current system with a shortage of resources pushed the participants to experience discrepancies between the required regulation and the reality. Additional research could contribute more exemplars to support changes.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2008

본 논문은 웹서비스로 구현되는 상황인식 어플리케이션에서 상황정보에 적응하는 방안으로서 다형성을 적용하여, 웹서비스 통합을 구현하고, 그를 통한 비용 감소의 효과를 보인다. 유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅의 대두로, 상황인식어플리케이션에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있으며, 그에 따른 상황정보 적응성 보장이 주요한 이슈로 등장하고 있다. 상황정보가 꾸준히 변화되어지고, 어플리케이션은 그 변화에 적응해야 하는데, 이때 보다 적은 비용으로 적응성을 해결하려고 하는 노력을 요구된다. 이는 최근 주목을 받는 서비스 기반 아키텍쳐를 통하여 웹서비스 기술을 보다 체계적으로 접근할 수 있다. 웹서비스로 구현되는 상황인식 어플리케이션의 경우, 서비스들의 통합 구현에 상황인식 적응성을 반드시 고려해야 하며, 나아가 보다 적은 비용으로 해결할 수 있는 방안을 요구하게 된다. 본 논문은 객체지향의 다형성 기술을 통하여, 통합 서비스를 구현하는 방안을 제안하고, 구체적인 웹서비스 구현을 분석하여, 제시한 통합 서비스 구현 방안이 적응성을 구현에 어느정도 수행 코드 감소를 가져오는지를 보인다.