• Title/Summary/Keyword: Method comparison

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Optimal Medium Composition of Cauliflower Mushroom (Sparassis latifolia) Cultivation Using Douglas Fir Wood Chip and Comparison of The β-glucan Contents of The Fruiting Body (미송톱밥을 이용한 꽃송이버섯 재배의 최적 배지 조성과 버섯의 β-glucan 함량 비교)

  • Wang, Seung-Jin;Kim, Hyun-Seok;Wi, An-Jin;Yoon, Byung-Sun;Park, Whoa-Shig;Park, Hyeong-Ho;Oh, Deuk-Sil
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.42 no.4
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    • pp.428-438
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    • 2014
  • Functional effects of cauliflower mushroom (Sparassis latifolia) have been magnified by various media and internal and external research papers, recently. So, optimum condition of wood chip particle size and cultivation method of high ${\beta}$-glucan content for bulk cultivation generalization of cauliflower mushroom farms researched. As a result, T7 (1~2 mm 25%, 2~4 mm 50%, over 4 mm 25%) media as mixed media of certain ratio of particle size, showed excellent growth at $11.5{\pm}1.0$ cm / 44 days. Also, production of fruit body found higher than control and marketable pileus part took 85% ratio. The ${\beta}$-glucan content at media composition condition showed 1.4~2.4 times higher content in stipe part than pileus part. Also, PCF300 medium found 59.5% highest ${\beta}$-glucan content in stipe part. While ${\beta}$-glucan content showed 33.0% low content in pileus part. Therefore it needed additional study that ${\beta}$-glucan content improved in pileus part. In conclusion, production of high ${\beta}$-glucan content cauliflower mushroom was possible by T7 condition (wood chip particle size: 1~2 mm 25%, 2~4 mm 50% and over 4 mm 25%, composition: corn powder, flour and 300 ppm yeast).

Complete Myocardial Revascularization Utilizing Parallel Secluential Anastomoses (Parallel sequential anastomosis를 이용한 관상동맥 우회수술의 성적)

  • 박계현;김관민
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.30 no.7
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    • pp.647-655
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    • 1997
  • We evaluated the feasibility and safety of this method by reviewing the early outcome of the patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) utili ing parallel sequential anastomoses with saphenous vein grafts, comparing with the outcome of the patients revascularized with grafts having only single distal anastomosis. During the one-year period of 1995, a total of 79 patients underwent isolated CABG, among whom 39 patients with sequential vein grafts(sequential group) and 40 patients without sequential grafts(non-sequential group). There was no difference between the two groups in terms of preoperative status, except in the extent of the coronary disease; 87.2% of the sequential group and 45.0% of the non-sequential group had left main andlor triple vessel involvement. 318 distal coronary anastomoses were done; 198 for the sequential group(5.1/patient) and 120 for the non-sequential group(3.0/patient). In the sequential group, the mean durations of cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic clamp per one distal anastomosis were 33.5 and 21.1 minutes, respectively. In the non-sequential group, these were 41.8 and 22.7 minutes. There were two operative deaths, both in the non-sequential group. There was no difference in the incidence of postoperative complications including myocardial infarction. During the follow-up period(2 to 15 months), 8 patients(3 in the sequential and 5 in the nonsequential group) complained of residual or recurrent angina. Comparison of preoperative and postoperative ."'Thallium myocardial perfusion scans in 30 patients showed improved or normal perfusion reserve in 83.3% of segments bypassed with sequential grafts and 82.5% of segments bypassed with non-sequential graft(5), These results show that, utilizing parallel sequential anastomoses with saphenous vein grafts, we could achieve satisfactory short-term clinical results in patients with extensive coronary stenoses. So, we conclude that this technique is a safe, technically feasible strategy for CABG, which can achieve the aim of complete myocardial revascularization with a limited length of graft.raft.

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A Study on Environmental Standards of School Building (교사환경기준에 관한 연구)

  • Hong, Seok-Pyo;Park, Young-Soo
    • The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.11-43
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    • 2000
  • The purpose of this study was, through analyzing the previous researches, to grasp the present status of environment of school building(ESB), research the sundry records of each element and, through comparative analysis of the standard of ESB in Korea, the United States, and Japan, select the normative standard of ESB, to clarify the point at issue presented in Regulation of Construction & facility Management for Elementary and and Secondary School in Korea, and to suggest an alternative preliminary standard of ESB. To carry out a research for this purpose, these were required: 1. to investigate the existing present status of ESB, 2. to make a comparative analysis of the standard of ESB in each country, 3. to suggest the normative standard of preliminary standard of ESB, 4. to analyze the controversial points of the standard of ESB in Korea, 5. to suggest an alternative preliminary standard of ESB. The conclusions were as follows: 1. Putting, through analyzing the previous researches, the existing present status of ESB together, it seemed that lighting environment, indoor air environment and noise environment were all in poor conditions. 2. In the result of a comparative analysis of the standard of ESB in Korea, Japan and the United States, in Korea the factors of each lighting and indoor air environment were not presented properly, in Japan, in lighting environment aspect, the standard on natural lighting and the factors on brightness were not presented., and in the USA the essential factors of each environment were throughly presented. In the comparison of the standards on each factor, Korea showed that the standard level presented was less properly prescribed than those of the USA and Japan but it also showed that the standard levels prescribed in the USA and in Japan were mostly similar to the standard levels in records investigated. 3. With the result of the normative standard selection on School Builiding environment factor of prescribed in this study, the controversial points of the standard of ESB in Korea were analyzed and the result was utilized to suggest new preliminary standard of ESB. 4. As the result of the analysis of the controversial points of the standard of ESB in Korea, it was found that the standard of ESB in Korea should be established on a basis of School Health Act and be concretely presented in School Health Regulation and School Health Rule. The factors of each environment was improperly presented in the existing standard of ESB in Korea. Moreover the standard of them was inferior to that of the records investigated and those of in the USA and in Japan and it also showed that the standard of it in Korea was improper to maintain Comfortable Learning Environment. 5. A suggested preliminary standard of ESB acquired through above study as follows: 1) In this study a new kind of preliminary standard of ESB is divided into lighting environment, indoor air environment, noise environment, odor environment and for above classification, reasonable factor and standard should be established and the controling way on each standard and countermeasures against it should be considered. 2) In lighting environment, the factors of natural lighting are divided into daylight rate, brightness, glare. In the standard on each factor, daylight rate should secure 5% of a mean daylight rate and 2% of a minimum daylight rate, brightness ratio of maximum illumination to minimum illumination should be under 10:1, and in glare there should not be an occurrence factor from a reflector outside of the classroom. And the factors of unnatural lighting are illumination, brightness, and glare. In the standard on each factor, illumination should be 750 lux or more, brightness ratio should be under 3 to 1, and glare should not occur. And Optimal reflection rate(%) of Colors and Facilities of Classroom which influences lighting environment should be considered. 3) In indoor air environment factors, thermal factors are divided into (1) room temperature, (2) relative humidity, (3) room air movement, (4) radiation heat, and harmful gases (5) CO, (6) $CO_2$ that are proceeded from using the heating fuel such as oval briquettes, firewood, charcoal being used in most of the classroom, and finally (7) dust. In the standard on each factor, the next are necessary; room temperature: $16^{\circ}C{\sim}26^{\circ}C$(summer : $E.T18.9{\sim}23.8^{\circ}C$, winter: $E.T16.7{\sim}21.7^{\circ}C$), relative humidity: $30{\sim}80%$, room air movement: under 0.5m/sec, radiation heat: under $5^{\circ}C$ gap between dry-bulb temperature and wet-bulb temperature, below 1000 ppm of ca and below 10ppm of $CO_2$, dust: below 0.10 $mg/m^3$ of Volume of dust in indoor air, and ventilation standard($CO_2$) for purification of indoor air : once/6 min.(about 7 times/40 min.) in an airtight classroom. 4) In the standard on noise environment, noise level should be under 40 dB(A) and the noise measuring way and the countermeasures against it should be considered. 5) In the standard on odor environment, odor level under Physical Method should be under 2 degrees, and the inspecting way and the countermeasures against it should be considered.

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Comparison of Determination Methods for Available-P in Soil of Plastic Film House (시설재배 토양의 유효인산 측정방법 비교)

  • Yang, Won-Seok;Kang, Seong-Soo;Kim, Ki-In;Hong, Soon-Dal
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.39 no.3
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    • pp.163-172
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    • 2006
  • Pot experiments were conducted from 1999 to 2001 to compare the different methods of available phosphorus (P) for estimation of biomass and P uptake by tomato and cucumber grown on different soils (25 soils for tomato and 8 soils for cucumber cultivation) collected from plastic film house of Chungbuk area. Supplementary experiment was conducted to estimate the relationship among several extraction methods of available P such as P adsorption, water extractable-P, Lancaster-P, Olsen-P, Bray No 1 and No 2-P, and Mehlich 1 and 3-P for a total of 71 soils that included 33 soils collected for tomato and cucumber cultivation and 38 soils taken from other sites of plastic film house. All the extraction methods of available phosphorus except P adsorption were mutually positive correlated with r ranging from 0.81 to 0.96 while the correlation coefficient between P adsorption and other methods ranged from -0.57 to -0.80. Phosphorus uptake by tomato plant applied with no fertilizer was significantly correlated with the available P extracted by different methods except P adsorption in all the experiments showing positive correlation coefficients from 0.49 to 0.76 in April, 1999, 0.53 to 0.71 in April, 2000, and 0.59 to 0.68 in October, 2000. Consequently relative amount of P uptake by tomato plant for all the experiments also significantly correlated with available P in soils showing correlation coefficients of r=0.64~0.73 (P<0.0000001) in the order of Mehlich 1-P > Mehlich 3-P > Lancaster-P. For tomato, critical concentrations of available P in soils estimated by Cate and Nelson split method were $1700mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Mehlich 3-P, $1,050mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Mehlich 1-P, and $95mg\;kg^{-1}$ for water extractable P. Also P uptake by cucumber plant was significantly correlated with Olsen-P, water extractable P, and Bray No 2-P with r value of 0.62, 0.59, and 0.51, respectively, in soils of no fertilization.

Long Term Results of Radiation Therapy in Early Glottic Cancer (초기 성문암의 방사선치료: 장기 추적결과)

  • Kim, Jin-Hee;Byun, Sang-Jun
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.29-34
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    • 2009
  • Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate long-term results in terms of failure, survival and voice preservation after radiation therapy for early glottic cancer. Materials and Methods: From February 1988 to December 2003, 70 patients with early glottic cancer were treated with radiation therapy at Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center. Patient age distribution was from 39 to 79 years, with a median age of 62 years. All patients had squamous cell carcinoma. According to the TNM stage, 58 patients had stage I disease, 12 patients had stage II disease; 67 patients were male. The laryngeal area was irradiated with the use of bilateral opposing fields with/without a wedge filter with 6 MV photons at a total dose of $54{\sim}70.2$ Gy in $1.8{\sim}2.2$ Gy fractions over $6{\sim}8$ weeks. We delivered a median radiation dose of 60 Gy for stage I patients and a median radiation dose of 66 Gy for stage II patients. Salvage surgery was performed in patients with local recurrence. The voice preservation rate was analyzed after all treatments including salvage surgery. Follow-up periods were from 13 to 180 months, with a median follow-up period of 77.5 months. The survival rate was analyzed by the use of the Kaplan Meier method and log rank test. A comparison of two groups was performed with the use of the chi-squared test. Results: The local control rate was 98.5% (69/70). The five-year-overall survival rate was 93.9%. The five-year disease free survival rate (5YDFS) was 84.1% and the 5YDFS after radiation and salvage surgery was 92.8%. According to stage, the 5YDFS was 93.1% and 91.7% for stage I and stage II respectively. Thirteen patients (18.5%) had local failure with 24 months of median time to local failure and nine patients received salvage surgery; however, four patients were lost to follow-up after a diagnosis of recurrence. Only two patients died due to a distant metastasis at 33 months and 71 months after radiation therapy, respectively. Nine patients died due to other diseases with a median time of 73 months. There were no severe acute or chronic complications after radiation therapy. Voice preservation was ultimately achieved in 88.5% (62/70) of patients. Conclusion: We considered that radiation therapy was effective and we achieved excellent survival and voice preservation in early laryngeal cancer. The use of radiation therapy should be the first choice for the treatment of early glottic cancer.

A Computed Tomography-Based Anatomic Comparison of Three Different Types of C7 Posterior Fixation Techniques : Pedicle, Intralaminar, and Lateral Mass Screws

  • Jang, Woo-Young;Kim, Il-Sup;Lee, Ho-Jin;Sung, Jae-Hoon;Lee, Sang-Won;Hong, Jae-Taek
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • v.50 no.3
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    • pp.166-172
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    • 2011
  • Objective : The intralaminar screw (ILS) fixation technique offers an alternative to pedicle screw (PS) and lateral mass screw (LMS) fixation in the C7 spine. Although cadaveric studies have described the anatomy of the pedicles, laminae, and lateral masses at C7, 3-dimensional computed tomography (CT) imaging is the modality of choice for pre-surgical planning. In this study, the goal was to determine the anatomical parameter and optimal screw trajectory for ILS placement at C7, and to compare this information to PS and LMS placement in the C7 spine as determined by CT evaluation. Methods : A total of 120 patients (60 men and 60 women) with an average age of $51.7{\pm}13.6$ years were selected by retrospective review of a trauma registry database over a 2-year period. Patients were included in the study if they were older than 15 years of age, had standardized axial bone-window CT imaging at C7, and had no evidence of spinal trauma. For each lamina and pedicle, width (outer cortical and inner cancellous), maximal screw length, and optimal screw trajectory were measured, and the maximal screw length of the lateral mass were measured using m-view 5.4 software. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test. Results : At C7, the maximal PS length was significantly greater than the ILS and LMS length (PS, $33.9{\pm}3.1$ mm; ILS, $30.8{\pm}3.1$ mm; LMS, $10.6{\pm}1.3$; p<0.01). When the outer cortical and inner cancellous width was compared between the pedicle and lamina, the mean pedicle outer cortical width at C7 was wider than the lamina by an average of 0.6 mm (pedicle, $6.8{\pm}1.2$ mm; lamina, $6.2{\pm}1.2$ mm; p<0.01). At C7, 95.8% of the laminae measured accepted a 4.0-mm screw with a 1.0 mm of clearance, compared with 99.2% of pedicle. Of the laminae measured, 99.2% accepted a 3.5-mm screw with a 1.0 mm clearance, compared with 100% of the pedicle. When the outer cortical and inner cancellous height was compared between pedicle and lamina, the mean lamina outer cortical height at C7 was wider than the pedicle by an average of 9.9 mm (lamina, $18.6{\pm}2.0$ mm; pedicle, $8.7{\pm}1.3$ mm; p<0.01). The ideal screw trajectory at C7 was also measured ($47.8{\pm}4.8^{\circ}$ for ILS and $35.1{\pm}8.1^{\circ}$ for PS). Conclusion : Although pedicle screw fixation is the most ideal instrumentation method for C7 fixation with respect to length and cortical diameter, anatomical aspect of C7 lamina is affordable to place screw. Therefore, the C7 intralaminar screw could be an alternative fixation technique with few anatomic limitations in the cases when C7 pedicle screw fixation is not favorable. However, anatomical variations in the length and width must be considered when placing an intralaminar or pedicle screw at C7.

Treatment Outcome and Prognosis of the Outpatients with Orofacial Pain (구강안면통증 환자의 치료결과와 예후에 관한 연구)

  • Choi, Sea-Hun;Kim, Ki-Suk;Kim, Mee-Eun;Lee, Dong-Ju;Jin, Sang-Bae
    • Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.155-165
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate treatment outcome and prognosis of the patients with orofacial pain disorders who visited for treatment in the Department of Oral Medicine, Dankook University Dental Hospital from January 2002 to December 2004. Orofacial pain disorders were categorized into TMD(myogenous, arthrogenous and muscle-joint combined TMDs), neuropathic pain disorder, oral soft tissue disease and complex condition simultaneously having more and two aforementioned categories and treatment period, method and treatment outcome were evaluated. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Average longevity of treatment period was the longest in the neuropathic pain, followed by soft tissue disease, complex conditions, arthrogenous TMD, muscle-joint combined TMD and myogenous TMD in order. 2. When treatment methods were largely categorized into pharmacologic, physical and oral appliance therapy, pharmacologic therapy was used the most frequently for the patients with neuropathic pain or oral soft tissue diseases, oral appliance therapy for those with arthrogenous TMD and physical therapy for those with myogenous TMD. 3. Of physical therapeutic methods used in our clinic, EAST and microwave was employed the most frequently in the patients with myogenous TMD, ultrasound for those with arthogenous TMD and LLLT for those with neuropathic pain or oral soft tissue disease. 4. In comparison with change of pain after treatment, there existed a tendency that pain from neuropathic pain disorders persisted while pain from TMD was getting better or totally disappeared. 5. Concerning the change of mouth opening range in the TMD subgroups, there was no significant difference among the subgroups but significant difference existed among opening ranges, indicating comfortable maximum mouth opening increased the most following treatment. Improvement of active range of mouth opening was the most considerable in those with disc displacement without reduction. It can be said on the basis of the findings from this study that various treatments currently used for the orofacial pain showed good results with TMD in regards with pain control and improvement of function, suggestive of favorable prognosis, while neuropathic pain or soft tissue disease was the clinical conditions difficult to resolve, requiring a long and persistent treatment.

A Comparison Study on Animal Models for Osteoarthritis in Temporomandibular Joint (측두하악관절에서의 골관절염 유도 동물모델 비교연구)

  • Yu, Sun-Nyoung;Yi, Young-Chul;Park, Hae-Ryoun;Ryu, Mi-Heon;Jeon, Hye-Mi;Kim, Kwang-Youn;Kim, Sang-Hun;Ok, Soo-Min;Ko, Myung-Yun;Ahn, Yong-Woo;Ahn, Soon-Cheol;Jeong, Sung-Hee
    • Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.261-271
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    • 2011
  • Osteoarthritis in patients with temporomandibular disorders(TMDs) induces pain, limitation of mouth opening, occlusal problems, and most commonly affects their life quality. Control method and progressive process of osteoarthritis are being extensively researched. The researchers focus on histologic changes, synovial changes, muscular and ligamental changes and observed reaction to pain. Therefore most of them developed the animal model for osteoarthritis in TMD patients. In this study, we applied several methods which induces osteoarthritis of temporomandibular joint(TMJ) in rats or mice. For locally induce osteoarthritis in TMJ, Monosodium iodoacetate(MIA) or interleukin-$1{\alpha}$(IL-$1{\alpha}$) were injected into TMJ joint space for 5 or 3 weeks. Other groups are chosen for osteoarthritis under systemic control including hormonal changes and aging. To observe cellular change, increased collagen, degenerative bony destruction and distribution of proteoglycans (PGs), safranin-O staining and Masson's trichrome staining were used.

GENETIC ALTERATIONS OF HUMAN ORAL CANCERS USING COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION (Comparative genomic hybridization 기법을 이용한 인체 구강암의 유전자 변화에 대한 연구)

  • Lee, Myeong-Reoyl;Shim, Kwang-Sup;Lee, Young-Soo;Woo, Soon-Seop;Kong, Gu
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.245-253
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    • 2000
  • The development and progression of oral cancer is associated with an accumulation of multiple genetic alterations through the multistep processes. Comparative genomic hybridization(CGH), newly developed cytogenetic and molecular biologic technique, has been widely accepted as a useful method to allow the detection of genetic imbalance in solid tumors and the screening for chromosome sites frequently affected by gains or losses in DNA copy number. The authors examined 19 primary oral squamous cell carcinomas using CGH to identify altered chromosome regions that might contain novel oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Interrelationship between these genetic aberrations detected and major oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes previously recognized in carcinogenesis of oral cancers was studied. 1. Changes in DNA copy number were detected in 14 of 19 oral cancers (78.9%, mean: 5.58, range: $3{\sim}13$). High level amplification was present in 4 cases at 9p23, $12p21.1{\sim}q13.1$, 3q and $8q24{\sim}24.3$. Fourteen cases(78.9%, mean: 3.00, range: $1{\sim}8$) showed gains of DNA copy number and 12 cases(70.5%, mean: 2.58, range: $1{\sim}9$) revealed losses of DNA copy number. 2. The most common gains were detected on 3q(52.6%), 5p(21.0%), 8q(21.0%), 9p(21.0%), and 11q(21.0%). The losses of DNA copy number were frequently occurred at 9p(36.8%), 17q(36.8%), 13q(26.3%), 4p(21.0%) and 9p(21.0%). 3. The minimal common regions of gains were repeatedly observed at $3q24{\sim}26.7$, $3q27{\sim}29$, $1q22{\sim}31$, $5p12{\sim}13.3$, $8q23{\sim}24$, and 11q13.1-13.3. The minimal common regions of losses were detected at $9q11{\sim}21.3$, 17p31, $13q22{\sim}34$, and 14p16. 4. In comparison of CGH results with tumor stages, the lower stage group showed more frequent gain at 3q, 5q, 9p, and 14q, whereas gains at 1q($1q22{\sim}31$) and 11q($11q13.1{\sim}13.3$) were mainly detected in higher stage group. The loss at $13q22{\sim}34$ was exclusively detected in higher stage. The results indicate that the most frequent genetic alterations in the development of oral cancers were gains at $3q24{\sim}26.3$, $1q22{\sim}31$, and $5p12{\sim}13.3$ and losses at $9q11{\sim}21.3$, 17p31, and 13q. It is suggested that genetic alterations manifested as gains at $3q24{\sim}26.3$, $3q27{\sim}29$, $5p12{\sim}13.3$ and 5p are associated with the early progression of oral cancer. Gains at $1q22{\sim}31$ and $11q13.1{\sim}13.3$ and loss at 13q22-34 could be involved in the late progression of oral cancers.

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A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF RELATIONSHIP AMONG TEMPERAMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS, FAMILY ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENTAL HISTORY (기질과 가정환경 및 발달사이의 관계에 관한 예비연구)

  • Hong, Sung-Do
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.50-56
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    • 1997
  • The objective of this study was to compare the family environment and developmental history of three groups of children classified by their temperament. The parents of 484 Korean children aged between 3 and 7 years completed the Korean version of Parental Temperamental Questionnaire developed by Thomas and Chess and Developmental Questionnaire created by Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center. After clustering these children into 5 temperamental groups according to the method proposed by Fullard et al, 98 Easy, 36 Difficult, and 21 Slow-To-Warm-Up children were included in the analysis. Statistically meaningful differences observed among three groups were as follow:1) Marital conflict of parents was more frequent in Difficult and Slow-To-Warm-Up children than in Easy children. 2) Parentchild conflict was more frequent in Difficult children than in Easy children. 3) Conflict among siblings was more frequent in Difficult children than in Easy children. 4) Average monthly income of family was less in Difficult children than in Easy children. 5) Toilet training was achieved later in Difficult children than in Easy children. 6) Motor development was slower, between 2 and 5 years old, in Slow-To-Warm-Up children than in Easy children. 7) Fear of stranger started earlier in Slow-To-Warm-Up children than in easy children. 8) Physical health was poorer in Difficult and Slow-To-Warm-Up children than in easy children. The findings indicate that Difficult child or Slow-To-Warm-Up child group have unfavorable family environment, different developmental milestone and poorer physical health in comparison with Easy child group.

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