• Macromolecular Research
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.412-417
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• 2007

In the present study, crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membranes were prepared at different temperatures using poly(styrene sulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) (PSSA_MA) (PVA:PSSA_MA = 1:9). The hybrid mem-branes were prepared by varying the TEOS content between 5 and 30 wt%. The PSSA_MA was used both as a crosslinking agent and the hydrophilic group donor ($-SO_3H$ and/or-COOH). The proton conductivity increased with up to 20 wt% TEOS, but decreased above this level, although the water content decreased with increasing TEOS content. This result suggests that the silica doped into the membrane improved the formation of proton-conduction pathways due to the absorption of molecular water. The PVA/PSSA_MA/Silica containing TEOS 20% showed both high proton conductivity (0.026 S/cm at $90^{\circ}C$) and low methanol permeability ($5.55{\times}10^{-7}cm^2/s$).

• 멤브레인
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 설폰기를 함유한 sulfosuccinic acid를 가교제로 사용하였다. 또한, 메탄을 투과도를 줄이기 위해 실리카를 졸-겔 방법을 사용하여 성장시킨 PVA/Silica 하이브리드막을 제조하여 수소 이온 전도도 및 메탄을 투과도에 관하여 연구하였다. 수소 이온 전도도 및 메탄을 투과도는 가교제 농도 및 친수성 $SO_3H$의 함량에 영향을 받았으며, 제조된 막의 수소 이온 전도도는 10^{-3}~10^{-2}$ S/cm 범위에 있었고, 메탄을 투과도는 $10^{-8}~10^{-7}\;cm^2/s$ 를 갖는다.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2008

A Pt-layer was deposited on the anode side of a Nafion membrane via a sputtering method in order to reduce methanol crossover in a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). The methanol permeation and the proton conductivity through the modified membranes were investigated. The performances of the direct methanol fuel cell were also tested using single cells with a Nafion membrane and the modified membranes. The Pt-layers on the membrane blocked both methanol crossover and proton transport through the membranes. Methanol permeability and proton conductivity decreased with an increase of the platinum layer thickness. At methanol concentration of 2 M, the DMFC employing the modified membrane with a platinum layer of 66 nm-thickness showed similar performance to that of a DMFC with a bare Nafion membrane in spite of the lower proton conductivity of the former. The maximum power density of the cell using the modified membrane with a platinum layer of 66 nm-thickness increased slightly while that of the cell with the bare membrane decreased abruptly when a methanol solution of 6M was supplied.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.69-73
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• 2004

A series of $H_3PO_4$-doped composite membranes based on poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) and silica have been prepared by sol-gel process. The proton conductivity, as well as properties of swelling, methanol permeation, was measured in this study. The proton conductivity increased with the molar ratio of $H_3PO_4$ to silica. With the silica content increasing, swelling degree decreased and methanol permeability showed a slight increase. It suggested that the former was mainly determined by hydrophilicity of the membrane, while the latter was dominated by the interconnectivity of matrix. According to the value of on, the optimal conformations of these composite membranes were 60, 70, 80 wt.$\%$ of PS-x in membranes, where x were 1.5, 1.0, and 0.5, respectively. These composite membranes were thermal stability up to $200^{\circ}C$.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 2004년도 Proceedings of the second conference of aseanian membrane society
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• pp.29-32
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• 2004

Reduction of methanol crossover in proton exchange membranes (PEMs) can be achieved by 1) the selection of materials, 2) the morphology control, and 3) the adequate crosslinking [1, 2]. The selection of polymer matrix of PEM for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) is very important because the proton conductivity and methanol permeability are largely dependent upon the properties of polymers.(omitted)

• 전기화학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.256-261
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 나피온 막을 통한 메탄올 투과도를 감소시키기 위하여 양전하를 띠는 polyaniline(PANi)와 음전하를 갖는 sulfonated Poly(ether sulfone)(SPES)으로부터 다층 자기조립 박막법으로 나피온 막의 표면을 개질하였다. PANi과 SPES는 열적 화학적으로 안정하며 매우 강직한 특성을 띄고 있어, 나피온 막 표면에 다층 자기조립 박막 형성시 메탄올 투과도 감소 및 치수 안정성의 향상을 기대할 수 있다. 자외선-가시광선 흡광분석에 의하여 PANi와 SPES의 다층박막의 형성이 균일하게 이루어짐을 확인 하였다. TEM 분석을 통하여 다층 자기조립 박막의 bilayer당 두께가 약 10 nm 정도임을 확인 하였다. 개질된 나피온 막은 순수한 나피온 막에 비하여 15%의 이온전도도 감소가 일어났지만 67%의 높은 메탄올 투과도 감소를 나타내어 2.5배 높은 선택도를 보였다. 5 M 메탄올을 연료로 사용한 연료전지 성능시험에서 개질된 나피온 막은 순수한 나피온 막에 비해 최대 전력 밀도가 $30^{\circ}C$에서는 2.4배 증가, $60^{\circ}C$에서는 1.4배 향상을 나타내었다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.314-320
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• 2005

Crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membranes were prepared at various crosslinking temperatures using poly(acrylic acid-co-maleic acid) (PAM) containing different PAM contents. The thermal properties of these PVA/PAM membranes prepared at various reaction temperatures were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The proton conductivity and methanol permeability of PVA/PAM membranes were then investigated as PAM content was varied from 3 to 13 wt%. It was found that the proton and methanol transport were dependent on PAM content in their function both as crosslinking agent and as donor of hydrophilic -COOH groups. Both these properties decreased monotonously with increasing PAM concentration. The proton conductivities of these PVA/PAM membranes were in the range from $10^{-3}\;to\;10^{-2}S/cm$ and the methanol permeabilities from $10^{-7}\;to\;10^{-6}cm^{2}/sec$. In addition, the effect of operating temperature up to $80^{\circ}C$ on ion conductivity was examined for three selected membranes: 7, 9 and 11 wt% PAM membranes. Ion conductivity increased with increasing operating temperature and showed and S/cm at $80^{\circ}C$, respectively. The effects of crosslinking and ionomer group concentration were also examined in terms of water content, ion exchange capacity (IEC), and fixed ion concentration. In addition, the number of water molecules per ionomer site was calculated using both water contents and IEC values. With overall consideration for all the properties measured in this study, $7{\sim}9\;wt%$ PAM membrane prepared at $140^{\circ}C$ exhibited the best performance. These characteristics of PVA/PAM membranes are desirable in applications related to the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC).

• 멤브레인
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.336-344
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)을 주쇄부(base polymer)로 하여 화학적 가교를 실시하기 위하여 Poly(styrene sulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) (PSSA-MA)를 첨가하고, 실리카와 술폰산기를 함유한 3-(trihydroxysilyl)-1-propanesulfonic acid (THS-PSA)의 함량변화와 열 가교온도 변화를 통하여 직접 메탄을 연료전지(DMFC)에 적용하기 위한 고분자 전해질 막 소재에 관한 연구를 실시하였다. 제조된 막을 Nafion 115와 함께 비교하기 위하여 동일한 조건에서 함수율, 열 중량 분석(TGA), 이온교환용량, 이온전도도 및 메탄올 투과도를 실시하였다. 실험을 통하여 THS-PSA의 함량과 열 가교 온도변화에 따라서 메탄올 투과도가 $10^{-6}$에서 $10^{-8}\;cm^2/s$로 감소된 결과를 얻었으며, 이온전도도는 $10^{-3}$에서 $10^{-2}\;S{\cdot}cm^{-1}$으로 향상되어 Nafion 115보다 우수한 결과를 나타내었다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.134-142
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• 2012

A bipolar plate is a major component of a fuel cell stack, which occupies 50~60% of the total weight and over 50% of the total cost of a typical fuel cell stack. In this study, a composite bipolar plate is designed and fabricated to develop a compact and light-weight direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) stack for a small-scale Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) application. The composite bipolar plates for DMFCs are prepared by a compression molding method using resole type phenol resin as a binder and natural graphite and carbon black as a conductor filler and tested in terms of electrical conductivity, mechanical strength and hydrogen permeability. The flexural strength of 63 MPa and the in-plane electrical conductivities of 191 S $cm^{-1}$ are achieved under the optimum bipolar plate composition of phenol : 18%; natural graphite : 82%; carbon black : 3%, indicating that the composite bipolar plates exhibit sufficient mechanical strength, electrical conductivity and hydrogen permeability to be applied in a DMFC stack. A DMFC with the composite bipolar plate is tested and shows a similar cell performance with a conventional DMFC with graphite-based bipolar plate.

• 멤브레인
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.144-151
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• 2015

수용성 고분자인 poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)에 가교제인 sulfosuccinic acid (SSA)를 첨가하여 가교반응을 통해 물에 용해되지 않는 막을 제조하였으며, 이온교환능력을 부여하기 위해 poly(4-styrene sulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) (PSSA_MA)를 PVA 질량대비 70, 80, 90 wt%로 달리 첨가하여 막을 제조하였다. 제조한 막의 특성을 알아보기 위해 FT-IR, 함수율, 이온교환용량, 이온전도도, 메탄올 투과도를 측정하였다. 함수율과 이온교환용량, 이온전도도는 PSSA_MA 함량이 증가할수록 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며 메탄올 투과도는 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 특성평가 결과 본 실험 막의 최적 조성은 PVA10/SSA9/PSSA_MA80으로 도출되었다.