• 성인간호학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.665-672
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• 2015

Purpose: The aims of current study were to assess the inhaler competency and medication adherence, and to identify association of inhaler competency with medication adherence in patients with obstructive lung disease. Methods: We did a secondary analysis of the Hanyang Obstructive Pulmonary Evaluation data in a single institution from June 2014 to April 2015 after an approval of Institutional Review Board. A total of 150 patients with asthma or chronic obstructive lung disease participated in the study. Inhaler competency was evaluated accuracy in each step for using metered dose inhaler. Medication adherence was calculated using actually dispensed doses based on the prescribed inhaler doses. Results: Older adults (${\geq}65$) had lower competency in using inhaler (66.7 vs 83.3, z=-4.52, p<.001) and poorer medication adherence (67.7 vs 91.8, $x^2=14.06$, p<.001) than adults (<65). Inhaler competency was associated with medication adherence (p=.26, p=.001). Surprisingly, more than 50% of patients were current smokers. Conclusion: Inhaler competency and medication adherence were lower in older adults with obstructive lung disease than those in adult-age patients. Therefore, an individual education program for older patients should be developed to improve the rates of proper use of inhalers. Nursing management for obstructive lung disease should focus on developing behavioral intervention strategies for smoking cessation.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.160-170
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• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude, correct metered dose inhaler (MDI) use and compliance with self management among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: The participants of this study consisted of 109 COPD patients who were outpatients in C and K hospital located in G city from March 1 to September 30th, 2010. Data were measured using self-administered questionnaires and observational checklist. The data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 18.0 program that included mean, standard deviation, ANOVA, Sheffe test, and Pearson's correlation. Results: There were significant relationships between knowledge and attitude (r=.33, $p$ <.001), between knowledge and correct MDI use (r=.37, $p$ <.001), and between knowledge and self-management compliance (r=.28, $p$=.003). There was significant relationship between attitude and self-management compliance (r=.33. $p$ <.001). In contrast, attitude was not significantly related to correct MDI use. Conclusion: The study showed that COPD knowledge and attitude of patients were related compliance in managing their disease. Therefore, strategies need to be utilized in education programs which would improve knowledge and subsequently improve attitude and compliance.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correct use of inhalers and to examine the patients characteristics affecting correct use of inhalers in patients with obstructive pulmonary disease. Method: Subjects were 280 patients with obstructive pulmonary disease who visited the internal pulmonary outpatient departments in 2 university hospitals in Korea. Inhaler use of each patient was assessed using a checklist recommended by the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Expert Panel. Result: Most subjects used a DPI or MDI. The overall mean score of correct use was 72.09. Most subjects responded they knew well how to use their inhalers. Most frequent error was 'not fully exhaling before inhalation'. A younger age, higher educational level, living with family, and awareness of inhaler use were significantly associated with correct use of inhalers. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that most of patients were unable to use inhalers correctly even though they had prior educational experiences. Regular assessing of inhaler use and adequate inhaler education considering patients characteristics by nurses are needed.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제85권1호
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• pp.25-36
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• 2022

Background: Only a few studies directly compared the therapeutic efficacy and safety of two pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) in asthma. We analyzed the asthma treatment outcomes, safety, and patient preferences using formoterol/beclomethasone (FORM/BDP), a pMDI with extra-fine particles, compared with formoterol/budesonide (FORM/BUD), another pMDI with non-extra-fine particles. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, double-dummy parallel group study, 40 adult asthmatics were randomized to FORM/BDP group (n=18; active FORM/BDP and placebo FORM/BUD) or FORM/BUD group (n=22; active FORM/BUD and placebo FORM/BDP). During the two visits (baseline and end of 8-week treatment), subjects were asked to answer questionnaires including asthma control test (ACT), asthma control questionnaires (ACQ), and Quality of Life Questionnaire for Adult Korean Asthmatics (QLQAKA). Lung function, compliance with inhaler, and inhaler-handling skills were also assessed. Results: Ten subjects in the FORM/BDP group and 14 in the FORM/BUD group completed follow-up visits. ACT, ACQ, QLQAKA (a primary outcome), and adverse events did not differ between two groups. We found that the increase in forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity and forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% of the pulmonary volume in the FORM/BDP group was higher than in the FORM/BUD group. Regarding preference, subjects responded that the flume velocity of FORM/BDP was higher, but more adequate than that of FORM/BUD. They also answered that FORM/BDP reached the trachea and bronchus and irritated them significantly more than FORM/BUD. Conclusion: The use of pMDI with extra-fine particles may relieve small airway obstruction more than the one with non-extra-fine particles despite no significant differences in overall treatment outcomes. Some asthmatics have a misconception about the adequacy of high flume velocity of pMDIs.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제84권1호
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• pp.46-54
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• 2021

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate inhaler device handling in elderly patients. Inhaler devices with respect to misuse and error correction were also compared. Methods: Inhaler use technique was assessed using standardized checklists at the first visit and 3-month follow-up visit after retraining. The primary outcome was difference in the acceptable use ratio among inhaler devices. Secondary outcomes included differences in error correction, the most common step of misuse, and factors affecting the accuracy of inhaler use. Results: A total of 251 patients (mean age, 76.4 years) were included. The handling of 320 devices was assessed in the study. All patients had been trained before. However, only 24.7% of them used inhalers correctly. Proportions of acceptable use for Evohaler, Respimat, Turbuhaler, Ellipta, and Breezhaler/Handihaler were 38.7%, 50.0%, 61.4%, 60.8%, and 43.2%, respectively (p=0.026). At the second visit, the acceptable use ratio had increased. There were no significant differences among inhaler types (Evohaler, 63.9%; Respimat, 86.1%; Turbuhaler, 74.3%; Ellipta, 64.6%; and Breezhaler/Handihaler, 65.3% [p=0.129]). In multivariate analysis, body mass index, Turbuhaler, and Ellipta showed positive correlations with acceptable use of inhalers, whereas Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Test score showed a negative correlation. Conclusion: Although new inhalers have been developed, the accuracy of inhaler use remains low. Elderly patients showed more errors when using pressurized metered-dose inhalers than using dry powder inhalers and soft-mist inhalers. However, there were no significant differences in misuse among inhaler devices after individual training. Results of this study suggests that repeat training is more important than inhaler type.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제80권4호
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• pp.377-384
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• 2017

Background: Proper education regarding inhaler usage and optimal management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is essential for effectively treating patients with COPD. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a comprehensive education program including inhaler training and COPD management. Methods: We enlisted 127 patients with COPD on an outpatient basis at 43 private clinics in Korea. The patients were educated on inhaler usage and disease management for three visits across 2 weeks. Physicians and patients were administered a COPD assessment test (CAT) and questionnaires about the correct usage of inhalers and management of COPD before commencement of this program and after their third visit. Results: The outcomes of 127 COPD patients were analyzed. CAT scores ($19.6{\pm}12.5$ vs. $15.1{\pm}12.3$) improved significantly after this program (p<0.05). Patients with improved CAT scores of 4 points or more had a better understanding of COPD management and the correct technique for using inhalers than those who did not have improved CAT scores (p<0.05). Conclusion: A comprehensive education program including inhaler training and COPD management at a primary care setting improved CAT scores and led to patients' better understanding of COPD management.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.202-212
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of an education program for patients with asthma who use inhalers. Methods: The research design for this study was a non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental study. Participants in this study were 36 patients for the control group, and 43 patients for the experimental group. The experimental group participated in the education program. The control group received the usual care. Data were collected before and 1 month and 2 months after the program finished and were analyzed using the SPSS 12.0 program. Results: The experimental group had significantly higher scores of knowledge of inhalers, and inhalation technique compared to the control group. However, no significant differences were found between two groups for PEFR, asthma instability, and satisfaction with inhalers. Conclusion: According to the results, the education program was effective in improving knowledge of inhalers, and inhalation technique. Therefore, it is recommended that this education program be used in clinical practice as an effective nursing intervention for patients with asthma on inhalers.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.97-102
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• 1999

The effects of pharmacist's intervention for asthma patients using self-monitoring of peak expiratory flow rate in medication teaching model was evaluated for 3 months in improving clinical outcomes including emergency visits, hospitalizations, antibiotics use, symptoms and sleep disturbance. Twenty seven patients were enrolled in study and twenty three patients completed the follow-up schedules. The selected patients were given the pre-designed instruction for medication including appropriate use of medication, metered-dose inhaler(MDI) technique, identifying and controling asthma triggers and recognizing early signs of deterioration. There were significant improvements in clinical outcomes, in terms of emergency visits, hopitalizations, antibiotics use, symptoms and sleep disturbance. There were also significant improvements in the MDI use, environmental control, and medication knowledges. There was a progressive increase in peak expiratory flow rate during the three-month intervention. In conclusion, pharmacist's intervention using self-monitoring of peak expiratory flow rate has a significant impact on improving clinical outcomes in asthma patients.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.888-899
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• 1995

연구배경: 경구 및 주사용 스테로이드 제제는 기관지 천식 치료제로서 중요한 역할을 하여 왔으나 그 부작용 때문에 사용이 제한되어, 근래에는 부작용이 적은 흡입성 스테로이드제제인 Beclomethasone dipropionate나 Budesonide 등이 개발되어 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기관지 천식 환자와 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환 환자에서 흡입성 스테로이드 제제인 Beclomethasone과 Budesonide을 투여하여 투여하여 용량과 투여방법에 따라 기저 코르티솔 농도에 미치는 영향에 대해서 연구하였다. 방법: 대상은 1989년 3월부터 1994년 2월까지 전북대학교 병원 내과에 입원해 치료받은 44명으로 흡입성 스테로이드 제제를 투여하기전 10일 동안은 어떠한 종류의 스테로이드도 복용하지 않도록 한후 12일 동안 $800\;{\mu}g/day$ 또는 $1,600\;{\mu}g/day$를 흡입 투여하였다. Budesonide는 metered dose inhaler(MDI)나 MDI에 large spacing device를 부착해 흡입하였고 Beclomethasone은 diskhaler로 흡입하였으며, 투여 중단후 6일간은 어떠한 종류의 스테로이드도 복용치 않았다. 혈청 코르티솔과 24시간 요중 코르티솔농도를 투여전(O일)과 투여 3, 6, 9, 12일째 그리고 투씩 중단 6일후인 18일째 측정하여 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 결과: 1) Beclomethasone과 Budesonide치료는 용량에 따라 코르티솔의 내인성 생산을 감소시켰으며, $1,600\;{\mu}g$ 투여할때의 Budesonide제제가 Beclomethasone제제보다 코르티솔의 생산을 더욱 억제시켰다. 2) MDI로 Budesonide를 투여한 군에서 MDI에 large spacing device를 부착해 투여한 군 보다 내인성 코르티솔생산을 더 억제시켰다. 결론: 이상의 성적으로 흡입성 스테로이드는 투여제제 용량과 투여방법에 따라 내인성 코르티솔의 생산에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.1063-1071
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• 1997

연구배경 : 스테로이드제제는 기관지 천식 및 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환 환자치료에 매우 효과적으로 항염작용, 기관지내 과민반응 억제 및 기타 면역학적인 기전으로 작용한다. 그러나 부신피질 기능억제, 쿠싱 증후군, 골다공증 등의 전신적 부작용으로 인해 그 사용 범위가 제한되어 왔다. 1970년대 초반부터 고도의 국소적 작용을 갖는 흡입성 스테로이드제제가 천식 치료에 활발히 이용되고 있으나 이 약물 투여에 따른 기저 코티솔 농도에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 아직도 논란이 많다. 이에 저자들은 최근에 개발된 강력한 흡입성 스테로이드제제인 fluticasone propionate의 시상하부-뇌하수체-부 신축에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 기관지천식과 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환 환자를 대상으로 하여, 단기간 투여용량에 따른 fluticasone propionate의 기저 코티솔 농도에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 방 법 : 1993년 7월부터 1997 년 3월까지 전북대학교 병원 내과에 입원치료한 기관지 천식과 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환환자를 대상으로 하였다. 환자는 흡입성 fluticasone propionate 투여전 최소한 10일 동안 어떠한 종류의 스테로이드도 투여하지 않았고, 치료기간 12일 동안 하루에 $500{\mu}g$과 $1000{\mu}g$을 Metered Dose Inhahler(MDI) 방법으로 투여하였다. Fluticasone propionate의 투여전과 투여후 3일, 6일, 9일 및 12일째 오전 8시에 혈철 코티솔을 측정하였고, 이와 동시에 24시간 소변을 채취하여 요중 유리 코티솔 농도를측 정하였다. 결 과 : $500{\mu}g$/day 투여군에서는 투여하기 전의 혈철 및 24시간 요중 유리 코티솔 농도는 투여기간 및 투여 후와 비교시 변화를 보이지 않았다. $1000{\mu}g$/day 투여군에서는 혈철 코티솔 농도는 투여 9일 그리고 12일째 (p<0.05). 24시간 요중 유리 코티솔 농도는 투여 3일 그리고 12일째 유의있는 감소(p<0.05)를 보였으며, 전반적으로 투여전과 비교시 투여기간에 따른 혈청 및 24시간 요중 유리 코티솔 농도의 감소를 보였다. 결 론 : 이상의 결과로, 단기간 하루 $500{\mu}g$의 fluticasone propionate 투여는 내인성 코르티솔 생산에 영향을 주지 않지만, 하루 $1000{\mu}g$의 fluticasone propionate투여는 내인성 코리티솔 생산에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다.