• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.128-132
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• 2010

Purpose: Nuclear medicine general operation room is radioactive control room which is used for the handling of radioisotope(R.I). Radioactive contamination materials must be under control and separated from general trash. With this experiments, we want to actively suggest the guideline of controling and operating radioactive contamination materials by measuring contamination degree and analyzing the causes which is not realized so far. Materials and Methods: Materials are selected from Oct. 2009 to March. 2010. salines which are used for labelling radiophamaceuticals and generator cap, saline needle cap, $^{99m}Tc$-needle cap saline vial which is generated from $^{99}Mo$/$^{99m}Tc$ generator. After measuring each surface contamination degree by survey meter, mean value and standard deviation one were solved out. Results: In result, After measuring surface contamination degree, radioactivity of saline for labelling radiophamaceuticals showed $14429{\pm}26378$ cpm (p<0.05) and in measured generators, foreign imported things showed that generator cap : $9{\pm}21$ cpm, saline vial : $17{\pm}28$ cpm. saline needle cap : $35{\pm}66$ cpm, $^{99m}Tc$-needle cap : $9{\pm}21$ cpm, saline vial $13{\pm}28$ cpm. domestic things showed that generator cap : $22852{\pm}52545$ cpm, saline needle cap : $87367{\pm}109711$ cpm, $^{99m}Tc$-needle cap : $9008{\pm}10459$ cpm, saline vial : $186416{\pm}158196$ cpm (p<0.05). Conclusion: The saline which is used for labelling, exceeded 1/10 of maximum permissible range. this is generated from radiophamaceuticals dilution procedure. and In generators, radioactive value of foreign import things showed closely background value. but which of domestic thing showed that exceeded more than 1000 values 1/10 of maximum permissible range. the causes of that is domestic generator is contaminated in manufacturing procedure. So, to dispose radioactive contamination materials which is could betaken out of, the control and operation must be radical under controlled by radioactive measuring, recording and equipping of its own. if this is kept well, we can prevent surely that radioactive waste could be disposed like as general trash.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2011

This research was carried out to investigate relationship between underground part environment control and growth or yield of sweet pepper in greenhouse as affected by covering materials. Daily amount of applied nutrient solution for research period in the greenhouse of plasticfilm house was more 1.6 times than that in glass house. But daily absorptance rate of nutrient solution and specific electrical conductance of rockwool between two greenhouses were not different in the range of 71.3-73.3% and $4.17{\sim}4.23dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ respectively. Leaf area of sweet pepper, in leaf growth characteristics in two greenhouses, were $123.0cm^2$/leaf (in glass house) and $119.5cm^2$/leaf (in plasticfilm house), but the another (fresh and dry weight, dry matter) were not different. But weekly yield per square meter in glass house was more 1.3 times than that in plasticfilm house as $850g{\cdot}m^{-2}$ and $650g{\cdot}m^{-2}$, respectively. Effect of slab EC and absorptance rate of nutrient solution on leaf growth characteristics and yield between two greenhouses were not different. The results show when sweet pepper is cultured in greenhouse as affected by covering materials and above ground part environment, the plant growth and yield are little affected by underground part environment.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.16-24
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• 2014

In this "Wonju~Jaecheon double-lanes railroad" project, a highway is located at about 13meter above a tunnel. Initially, rock-splitting method was used for the tunnel excavation in order to minimize the possible damage on the highway. The method, however, takes a long time for the tunnel excavation and that may cause other problems like large displacement of tunnel and subsidence of highway ground before the tunnel can be stabilized by supporters. Therefore, the application of electronic blasting method(eDdevII) was recommended to control the blast vibration below 1.0cm/sec as well as to prevent the subsidence of highway ground. The analysis of the influence of tunnel excavation on the highway showed that electric blasting method is permissible for the safe management of the highway. Based on that, the tunnel construction under a highway could be carried out quickly and safely without any damages on the highway.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.251-257
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• 2013

Discharge data examine the process of hydrologic cycle and used significantly in water resource planning and irrigation and flood control planning. It makes high quality discharge data, they carry out research on standard and method of discharge measurement, and equipment improvement. Now various flow meters are utilized to make discharge data in Korea. However, accuracy of equipment and exprerimental research data from measurement are not enough. ADCP(Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) have been introduced and utilized for flow measurements since the end of 1980's. ADCP flow method is a formal method for flow measurement can easily applyd to relatively large rivers gradually recognized. This equipment can measure the non-contact three-dimensional velocity and water depth data very quickly and efficiently. Also, spatial and temporal resolution of the data is more accurate than any other flow measurement methods which measure flow rate by velocity - area measurement method. In this paper, the velocity is measured using various flow meter and verified the effectiveness by applying from the ADCP in Geum-river. Various flow meters which are med for discharge measurements are VALEPORT002, FLOW TRACKER, PRICE AA and ADCP. The average of five times flow measurement result by ADCP was $10.412m^3/s$, with a standard deviation of 0.68. The repeat test by ADCP and comparison between ADCP and other flow devices to verify the most import factor, flow measurement accuracy. In the result, repeat test of the ADCP showed similar values, flow values were similar to other velocity device results and the average error is 7.7%.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.326-332
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• 1978

There appears some conduction defects frequently after total correction of Tetralogy of Fallot. Common defect is right bundle branch block due to surgical intervention. We experienced complete A-V block which occured 3 months later after total correction of Tetralogy of Fallot in a 8 year old boy. The patient was completely free of any A-V block after the operation for 3 months, and sudden onset of A-V block with coupled premature ventricular contractions resulted him in shock state during the attack of severe bronchopneumonia for 4 days prior to the second visit. Emergency implantation of Cordis demand type temporary pacemaker was necessary to control the complete heart block with bradyarrhythmia and frequent ventricular fibrillation. Permanent cardiac pacemaker was implanted two weeks later as indicated with Cordis Stanicor lambda demand pacemaker, and the patient was discharged uneventfully on the 8th post implantation day with the heart rate of 72/min. Another 3 months after the implantation, the patient was transported to this hospital as dead on arrival after an accidental fall from a 2 meter height, and all possible cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed for 60 minutes at the emergency room in vain. Autopsy was done to find out the cause of sudden death and the etiology of complete heart block. Microscopic focal infarctions with scar formation were noted along the course of conduction system in the interventricular septum, which might be the main cause of complete heart block during the attack of severe bronchopneumonia complicated with acute bacterial endocarditis. The tip of the pacemaker wire was slipped from the granulation scar at the apex of the right ventricular cavity, and this might be the direct cause of pacing failure and death.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.467-472
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• 2009

Ultraviolet curable coating solution was prepared with poly(ethylene glycol) acrylate oligomer and various mono and multi-functional acrylate monomers. The optical properties of UV cured coating layer on PET film with acrylate coating solution containing metal oxides, such as fumed silica and alumina, were also investigated to reduce light reflection on films. Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate which has 575 of average molecular weight was used as oligomer acrylate, and pentaerythritol triacrylate and dipentaerythritolpenta-/hexa acrylate were used as multi-functional acrylate monomers. Also, butyl acrylate was used to improve the adhesion as well as to reduce glass transition temperature to give a better flexability. 1-hydroxy cyclohexyl phenyl ketone was used as photoinitiator. We found out the metal oxides in acrylate coating solution showed a homogeneous dispersion from energy dispersive spectroscopy data. Transmittance and light reflection of coated PET film was measured with UV/vis spectrometer and gloss meter, respectively. When 1.00 g of both metal oxides was added into coating solution, the transmittance and the glossiness were reduced from 90% to 30% and from 190 GU to 35 GU, respectively. However, adding up to 1.00 g of the metal oxide into coating solution did not affect on the hardness of coating layer and adhesion between coated layer and PET film. Conclusively, we can control transmittance and light reflection of coated film by adjusting the amounts of metal oxide in coating solution.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.32-49
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• 1984

The East gate station area is 205M long and 24m deep which is located 13 meter in front of cultural treasure east gate. The area to be excavated by blasting is composed of granite rocks from 10M depth to 25M. Surface earth extends to up 10M depth. This job site has in involves heavy traffic congestion such as over 10,000 cars passing in rush hour where clossing No 1 lint of subway running 3 minitues head way. This east gate station construction is to be executed for the provent of the setting down of underground level and blasting vibration effects to cultural treasure east gate. Therefore, the caltural treasure committee approved this execution subject to the following condition. 1. Subway gelogical foundation and measured natural frequency 2. Execution of water tight wall 3. Sellection and test of damping material for wall and under rail 4. Measurement of monitoring system during the execution 5. Measurement of histogram system The above two projects was carried out by Dr. Kwang team in KAIST and prof, Han in Hanyang University under accadamic study contract. In the blasting work, for the pourpose of reduced vibration and low explosion velocity such as CCR, Kovex slurry. The 2nd, used electrical caps shall be delay cap and M/S caps in multi delay. The 3rd, drilling pattern is bench cut in open cut and applied control blasting in tunnelling and also shall drill anti-vibration holes as line drilling.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.41 no.2 s.113
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• pp.139-149
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• 2006

Earlier research works focused on the seasonal patterns and bio-geochemical processes in sand dunes, and the satellite data and aerial photographs have been used only as a backdrop or for the multi-temporal delineation of sand dune area. In order to find the optimal way to extract features' characteristics, Gimnyeong sand dune area was selected as a study site. Field works have been carried out three times to collect ground control points and sand samples for laboratory analyses. The texture of sand dune is classified as fine sand, which has been derived from shell fragments. The sand dune penetrated into the island from northwest to southeast direction. An aerial photograph was re-sampled into one-meter resolution and rectified with software including Erdas Imagine and ENVI. Sub-scenes were chosen as samples for sand dune, urban area and rural area. K-group non-parametric analysis had been done for the geometric and spectral values of enclosed texture patches. Urban areas proved to have significant smaller patches than the others.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.2113-2119
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• 2006

In this paper, we design the r-Sensor protocol for reliable data transmission in the Intelligent Home Service based on the wireless sensor network environment. The r-Sensor protocol improve the reliability of data transmission and node fairness using simple routing algorithm, congestion control, and loss recovery method that minimize the load of relay node. Reposed routing algorithm find out upstream and downstream nodes using the Network Management packet. Meanwhile, loss recovery algorithm uses the Aggregated-Nack. To apply supposed algorithm, the IHS-AMR(Intelligent Home Service - Automatic Meter Reader) and sensor node are designed and implemented in hardware. The IHS-AMR provides remote metering service and also offers home safety service by internetworking with sensor network, mobile phone network and internet.

• Atmosphere
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.269-282
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• 2019

While it is important to obtain the accurate information on snowfall data due to the increase in damage caused by the heavy snowfall in the winter season, it is not easy to observe the snowfall quantitatively. Recently, snow measurements using a weighing precipitation gauge have been carried out, but there is a problem that high snowfall intensity results in low accuracy. Also, the observed snowfall data are sensitive depending on wind speed, temperature, and humidity. In this study, a new process of quality control for snow water equivalent (SWE) data of the weighing precipitation gauge were proposed to cover the low accuracy of snow data and maximize the data utilization. Snowfall data (SWE) observed by Pluvio, Parsivel, snow-depth meter using laser or ultrasonic, and rainfall gauge in Cloud Physics Observation Site (CPOS) were compared and analyzed. Applying the QC algorithm including the use of number of hydrometeor particles as reference, the increased SWE per the unit time was determined and the data noise was removed and marked by flag. The SWE data converted by the number concentration of hydrometeor particles are tested as a method to restore the QC-removed data, and show good agreement with those of the weighing precipitation gauge, though requiring more case studies. The three events data for heavy snowfall disaster in Pyeongchang area was analyzed. The SWE data with improved quality was showed a good correlation with the eye-measured data ($R^2$ > 0.73).