• 제목/요약/키워드: Metaphase II

검색결과 167건 처리시간 0.024초

Expression of $interferon$ $regulatory$ factor-1 in the mouse cumulus-oocyte complex is negatively related with oocyte maturation

  • Kim, Yun-Sun;Kim, Eun-Young;Moon, Ji-Sook;Yoon, Tae-Ki;Lee, Woo-Sik;Lee, Kyung-Ah
    • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
    • /
    • 제38권4호
    • /
    • pp.193-202
    • /
    • 2011
  • Objective: We found previously that $interferon$ $regulatory$ factor ($Irf$)-1 is a germinal vesicle (GV)-selective gene that highly expressed in GV as compared to metaphase II oocytes. To our knowledge, the function of $Irf-1$ in oocytes has yet to be examined. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between retinoic acid (RA) and RA-mediated expression of $Irf-1$ and the mouse oocyte maturation. Methods: Immature cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COCs) were collected from 17-day-old female mice and cultured $in$ $vitro$ for 16 hours in the presence of varying concentrations of RA (0-10 ${\mu}M$). Rate of oocyte maturation and activation was measured. Gene expression was measured by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and cytokine secretion in the medium was measured by Bio-Plex analysis. Apoptosis was analyzed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Results: The rates of oocyte maturation to metaphase II and oocyte activation increased significantly with RA treatment (10 nM-1 ${\mu}M$). With 100 nM RA treatment, lowest level of $Irf-1$ mRNA and cumulus cell's apoptosis was found. Among 23 cytokines measured by Bio-Plex system, the substantial changes in secretion of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, macrophage inflammatory protein-$1{\beta}$, eotaxin and interleukin-12 (p40) from COCs in response to RA were detected. Conclusion: We concluded that the maturation of oocytes and $Irf-1$ expression are negatively correlated, and RA enhances the developmental competence of mouse immature oocytes $in$ $vitro$ by suppressing apoptosis of cumulus cells. Using a mouse model, results of the present study provide insights into improved culture conditions for $in$ $vitro$ oocyte maturation and relevant cytokine production and secretion in assisted reproductive technology.

돼지 난포난자의 체외성숙에 있어서 Catalase와 Xanthine의 영향 (Effect of Catalase and/or Xanthine on In Vitro Maturation of Porcine Follicular Oocytes)

  • Sa, S. J.;Park, C. K.;H. T. Cheong;B. K. Yang;Kim, C. I.
    • 한국가축번식학회지
    • /
    • 제25권3호
    • /
    • pp.243-250
    • /
    • 2001
  • 본 연구는 미성숙 돼지 난포 난자의 체외성숙에 있어서 catalase (0.1 mg/$m\ell$)와 xanthine (5 mM)의 역할에 대하여 검토하였다. 그 결과, 체외에서 성숙배양 48시간 후 metaphase-II 단계로 발육한 난자의 비율은 xanthine (54%) 첨가 보다는 대조구 (72%), catalase (73%) 및 catalase+xanthine (70%) 첨가구에서 유의적으로 높은 성숙율을 나타냈다 (P<0.05). 한편, 체외에서 30시간 동안 성숙배양한 경우 모든 실험구에서 성숙율의 유의적인 차이는 인정되지 않았으나, 성숙배양 36, 42 및 48시간 후 xanthine의 첨가 여부에 관계없이 catalase 무첨가 (29~50%) 보다는 첨가시 (49~70%)에 유의적으로 높은 성숙율을 나타냈다 (P<0.05). 체외에서 xanthine의 첨가 또는 무첨가시 배양시간의 연장이 난자의 성숙에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과 배양 72시간에서 높은 성숙율을 나타냈으며, 퇴행난자의 비율은 배양 120시간에서 catalase무첨가(47%)에 비하여 첨가시 (28%) 유의적으로 낮게 나타났으나 xanthine이 첨가된 배양액내에서 catalase첨가유무에 의한 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 또한 xanthine을 첨가하여 72시간 배양한 경우 단위발생란이 처음으로 관찰되었지만 catalase의 첨가 유무에 의한 차이는 인정되지 않았지만 배양시간이 길어짐에 따라 발생비율이 증가하였다. 이와 같은 결과에서 돼지 난포난자는 catalase와 xanthine을 첨가한 배양액내에서 배양 72시간까지 성숙율이 증가할 수 있으며, 배양기간의 연장시 catalase에 의하여 난자의 퇴행을 억제하며 단위발생란의 증가를 가져오는 것으로 생각된다.

  • PDF

돼지난자의 체외성숙시 Transforming Growth Factor$\beta$와 난구세포의 상호작용 (Interaction between Transforming Growth Factor $\beta$ and Cumulus Cells during In Vitro Maturation in Porcine Oocytes)

  • 신명균;조재원;정희태;양부근;김정익;박춘근
    • 한국가축번식학회지
    • /
    • 제22권1호
    • /
    • pp.73-80
    • /
    • 1998
  • 본 연구는 돼지난자의 체외성숙에 미치는 transforming growth factor $\beta$(TGF $\beta$)와 난수세포의 역할에 대하여 검토하였다. 난자의 체외성숙시 TGF $\beta$를 여러 농도에서 첨가한 경우 metaphase II로 성숙한 난자의 비율은 52~69%로 유의적인 차이는 나타내지 않았다. 성숙배양 24시간에서 난구세포의 유무에 관계없이 TGF $\beta$가 무첨가된 배양액 내에서는 성숙된 난자가 관찰되지 않았으나 TGF $\beta$첨가(5 및 4%)의 경우 성숙난자가 관찰되었다. 그러나, 성숙배양 48시간후 난자의 성숙율은 난구세포가 부착되어 있는 경우 TGF $\beta$첨가(70%)가 무첨가(52%)에 비해 높았으며, 난구세포를 세포를 제거한 경우 (35 및 26%)에 비해 유의적으로 높은 성숙율을 나타냈다(P<0.05). 한편, 나구세포가 부착된 난자의 성숙배양시 TGF $\beta$의 첨가시기에 의한 성숙율(54~71%)에는 큰 차이가 없었으나, 난구세포를 제거한 경우 전반기(59%) 또는 후반기(57%) 24시간 동안 TGF $\beta$를 첨가한 경우 48시간 동안 계속하여 첨가(27%) 또는 무첨가(38%)에 비하여 유의적으로 높은 성숙을 나타냈다(P<0.05). 이와 같은 결과는 난구세포가 돼지난자의 체외성숙시 필수적이지만, TGF $\beta$는 난구세포를 제거한 경우 난자의 성숙에 계속적인 역할을 하지 않는 것으로 추측된다.

  • PDF

Studies on the Maturation of rabbit Follicular Oocytes in Vitro: Effects of Amino Acids and Carbohydrates

  • Bae, In-Ha
    • 한국동물학회지
    • /
    • 제18권4호
    • /
    • pp.181-196
    • /
    • 1975
  • 토끼 여포난자의 성숙을 유도하는데 필요한 배양액의 성분중 아미노산 및 탄수화물의 영향을 규명하기 위해 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 기본배양액에 포함된 탄수화물의 pyruvate, lactate 및 glucose는 모두 난자의 성숙유도에 유효한 성분이었으나 필수영양물질은 아님이 밝혀졌다. 아미노산중에 glutamine과 proline은 난자의 성숙을 촉진하였다. 특히 glutamine은 위의 세가지 탄수화물의 전부 또는 그 각각이 포함된 기본 배양액에서 보다 높은 난자의 성숙율을 보였다. 2. 아미노산이 포함된 배양액에 난자를 24시간 배양할 경우 배양 과정중에 생성된 암모니아의 양은 glutamine이 포함된 배양액에서 가장 높았다 (15.2 $\\mu$g/ml). 그러나 이 양은 난자의 성숙을 억제하지는 않았다. 3. 난자의 성숙율은 배양액의 osmole이 270 mOsm일때 가장 높았으나 최적 범위는 250$\\sim$310 mOsm로 넓은폭을 보였다. 4. 토끼여포난자는 0.08$\\sim$2 mM의 glutamine과 소혈청단백(BSA)만이 포함된 기본 배양액에서 능히 성숙이 유도됨을 보았다. 5. $^14 C$-glutamine을 사용한 실험에서 glutamine이 토끼난자의 단백질합성과 에너지 공급원으로 이용된다는 사실이 입증되었다.

  • PDF

Effects of heat stress on conception in Holstein and Jersey cattle and oocyte maturation in vitro

  • Jihwan Lee;Doosan Kim;Junkyu Son;Donghyeon Kim;Eunjeong Jeon;Dajinsol Jung;Manhye Han;Seungmin Ha;Seongsoo Hwang;Inchul Choi
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
    • /
    • 제65권2호
    • /
    • pp.324-335
    • /
    • 2023
  • Korea, located in East Asia in the northern hemisphere, is experiencing severe climate changes. Specifically, the heat stress caused by global warming is negatively affecting the dairy sector, including milk production and reproductive performance, as the major dairy cattle Holstein-Friesian is particularly susceptible to heat stress. Here, we collected artificial insemination and pregnancy data of the Holstein and the Jersey cows from a dairy farm from 2014 to 2021 and analyzed the association between the conception rate and the temperature-humidity index, calculated using the data from the closest official weather station. As the temperature-humidity index threshold increased, the conception rate gradually decreased. However, this decrease was steeper in the Holstein breed than in the Jersey one at a temperature-humidity index threshold of 75. To evaluate the effects of heat stress on the oocyte quality, we examined the nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of Holstein (n = 158, obtained from six animals) and Jersey oocytes (n = 123, obtained from six animals), obtained by ovum pick-up. There were no differences in the nuclear maturation between the different conditions (heat stress: 40.5℃, non- heat stress: 37.5℃) or breeds, although the Holstein oocytes seemed to have a lower metaphase II development (p = 0.0521) after in vitro maturation under heat stress conditions. However, we found that the Holstein metaphase II oocytes exposed to heat stress presented more reactive oxygen species and a peripheral distribution of the mitochondria, compared to those of the Jersey cattle. Here, we show that weather information from local meteorological stations can be used to calculate the temperature-humidity index threshold at which heat stress influences the conception rate, and that the Jersey cows are more tolerant to heat stress in terms of their conception rate at a temperature-humidity index over 75. The lower fertility of the Holstein cows is likely attributed to impaired cytoplasmic maturation induced by heat stress. Thus, the Jersey cows can be a good breed for the sustainability of dairy farms for addressing climate changes in South Korea, as they are more resistant to hyperthermia.

Effects of Meiotic Stages, Cryoprotectants, Cooling and Vitrification on the Cryopreservation of Porcine Oocytes

  • Huang, Wei-Tung;Holtz, Wolfgang
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • 제15권4호
    • /
    • pp.485-493
    • /
    • 2002
  • Different factors may affect the sensitivity of porcine oocytes during cryopreservation. The effect of two methods (cooling and vitrification), four cryoprotectants [glycerol (GLY), 1, 2-propanediol (PROH), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or ethylene glycol (EG)] and two vitrification media (1 M sucrose (SUC)+8 M EG; 8 M EG) on the developmental capacity of porcine oocytes at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage or after IVM at the metaphase II (M II) stage were examined. Survival was assessed by FDA staining, maturation and cleavage following IVF and IVC. A toxicity test for different cryoprotectants (GLY, PROH, DMSO, EG) was conducted at room temperature before cooling. GV and M II-oocytes were equilibrated stepwise in 1.5 M cryoprotectant and diluted out in sucrose. The survival rate of GV-oocytes in the GLY group was significantly lower (82%, p<0.01) than that of the other group (92 to 95%). The EG group achieved a significantly higher maturation rate (84%, p<0.05) but a lower cleavage rate (34%, p<0.01) than the DMSO group and the controls. For M II-oocytes, the survival rates for all groups were 95 to 99% and the cleavage rate of the GLY group was lower than the PROH-group (21 vs 43%, p<0.01). After cooling to $10^{\circ}C$, the survival rates of GV-oocytes in the cryoprotectant groups were 34 to 51%, however, the maturation rates of these oocytes were low (1%) and none developed after IVF. For M II-oocytes, the EG group showed a significantly higher survival rate than those of the other cryoprotectant groups (40% vs 23-26%, p<0.05) and the cleavage rates of PROH, DMSO and EG group reached only 1 to 2%. For a toxicity test of different vitrification media, GV and M II-oocytes were equilibrated stepwise in 100% 8 M EG (group 1) and 1 M SUC + 8 M EG (group 2) or equilibrated in sucrose and then in 8 M EG (SUC+8 M EG, group 3). For GV-oocytes, the survival, maturation and cleavage rates of Group 1 were significantly lower than those in group 2, 3 and control group (p<0.05). For M II-oocytes, there were no differences in survival, maturation and cleavage rates between groups. After vitrification, the survival rates of GV and M II-oocytes in group 2 and 3 were similarly low (4-9%) and none of them matured nor cleaved after in vitro maturation, fertilization and culture. In conclusion, porcine GV and M II-oocytes do not seem to be damaged by a variety of cryoprotectants tested, but will succumb to a temperature decrease to $10^{\circ}C$ or to the process of vitrification, regardless of the cryoprotectant used.

한국 재래산양의 체외수정란 생산에 대한 항산화제의 효과 (Effect of Antioxidant on Development of Embryos in Korean Native Goats)

  • C. Y. Choi;D. S. Son;Y. K. Kim;M. H. Han;U. G. Kweon;S. H. Choi;Y. H. Choy;S. B. Choi;Y. M. Cho
    • 한국수정란이식학회지
    • /
    • 제19권1호
    • /
    • pp.67-73
    • /
    • 2004
  • 본 연구는 우리나라 고유의 유전자원인 재래산양의 체내수정란 생산기술을 확립하고자 수행하였다. 흡입법(aspiration)과 세절법(slicing)에 의해 난소 한 개당 회수된 난자의 수는 3.9개와 4.1개를 나타내어 slicing방법이 aspiration방법보다는 많은 숫자의 난자를 회수하였으나 유의적인 차이는 나타내지 않았다. 회수된 난자의 등급별 분포는 aspiration방법에서 Grade I, Grade II, Grade III, Grade IV의 비율이 10.3%, 20.5%, 38.5%, 30.8%를 나타내었으며, slicing법에서는 9.8%, 22.0%, 39.0%, 29.3%를 나타내어 Grade III과 Grade IV의 비율이 70% 이상을 차지하였다. 회수된 난자를 체외성숙 시킨 결과 Grade I과 Grade II에서는 85% 이상이 metaphase H (MII)까지 도달하였으나, Grade III과 Grade IV는 40% 이하의 체외성숙율을 나타내었다. 체외수정용 배양액으로 BO를 사용하였을 경우 Grade I 및 II에서 84.4%의 난분할율을 나타내어 TALP를 사용하였을 때의 58.8%보다 높은 난할율을 보였다. 또한 배양액의 종류별 체외발달율에 있어서는 상실배 및 배반포기배로의 발달은 mSOF를 배양액으로 이용하였을 경우 15.0%의 발달율을 나타내었으며, 체외배양 시 항산화물질인 glutathione (GSH)을 첨가함으로서 26.8%의 상실배 및 배반포배로의 발달율을 나타내었다.

Improved Enucleation Efficiency of Pig Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer by Early Denudation of Oocytes at 30 Hours of In Vitro Maturation

  • Song, Kil-Young;Hyun, Sang-Hwan;Lee, Eun-Song
    • 한국수정란이식학회지
    • /
    • 제22권4호
    • /
    • pp.235-243
    • /
    • 2007
  • Our goal was to examine the effects of early denudation on the enucleation efficiency and developmental competence of embryos following somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and parthenogenetic activation (PA). Oocytes were denuded following 30 h of in vitro maturation (IVM) and then cultured with (D+) or without (D-) their detached cumulus cells for additional $10{\sim}14$ h. Control oocytes were denuded after $40{\sim}44$ h of IVM. The size of the perivitelline space was larger at 40 h of IVM ($11.7{\sim}11.8{\mu}m$) than at 30 h ($8.9{\mu}m;$ p<0.01). The distances between the metaphase II (M II) plates and the polar bodies (PBs) were shorter in D+ ($19.4{\mu}m$) and D- oocytes ($18.9{\mu}m$) than in control oocytes ($25.5{\mu}m;$ p<0.01). Enucleation rates following blind aspiration at 40 h of IVM were higher (p<0.01) in D+ (92%) and D- oocytes (93%) compared to controls (82%). Early denudation did not affect oocyte maturation or the in vitro development of SCNT and PA embryos. When SCNT embryos from D+ oocytes were transferred to four gilts, pregnancy was established in two pigs, and one of them farrowed three live piglets. In conclusion, early denudation of oocytes at 30 h of IVM could improve the enucleation efficiency by maintaining the M II plate and the PB within close proximity and support the in vivo development of SCNT embryos to term.

돼지 난모세포의 체외 성숙 후 극체 방출 및 미방출란의 핵형과 배발달율 (Comparison of Nuclear Status and Developmental Potential between Polar Body Extruded Oocytes and Non-extruded Oocytes on in vitro Maturation and Development of Porcine Follicular Oocytes)

  • 김현종;조상래;최창용;최선호;한만희;손동수;김영근;이승수;류일선;김인철;김일화;임경순
    • 한국수정란이식학회지
    • /
    • 제21권3호
    • /
    • pp.169-175
    • /
    • 2006
  • 본 연구에서 돼지 난포란에서 채취된 난모세포들을 체외 성숙 후 세포 손상이 없이 성숙 난모세포의 발생능을 알아낼 수 있는 마커로 극체의 방출이 효과적으로 활용될 수 있는지를 알아보았다. 난모세포를 48시간 성숙 배양 후 극체의 방출 유무를 검사하고, 핵염색하여 염색체의 형태를 검사하였다. 확인된 난모세포들을 $16{\sim}18$시간 추가 배양한 후 7% ethanol로 활성화시키고 $5{\mu}g/ml$ cytochalasin B에 5시간 노출 후 NCSU23 배양액으로 7일간 배양하였다. 극체 방출율은 반복에 따라 $9.9{\sim}52.4%$, 퇴행율은 $21.4{\sim}61.8%$로 변이가 크게 나타났다(p<0.01). 극체를 방출한 난모세포의 핵상은 모두 극체와 19개의 염색체를 가진 제 2 감수분열 중기 핵상을 보여주었으며, 극체를 방출하지 못한 난모세포의 핵상은 핵이 팽화된 상태인 핵형이 39.1%, PCC 형태의 핵상이 19.6%, MI 형태의 핵상이 10.9%, MII이지만 극체가 관찰되지 않거나 매우 작은 상태인 경우가 13%, 핵이 응축된 형태인 경우가 6.5%, 핵이 없는 경우가 8.7%로 나타났다. 퇴행란으로 판단한 난모세포들은 핵염색을 한 결과 역시 세포질 상태가 정상적이지 못한 염색 상태를 보여주었다. 극체 방출 유무를 확인하지 않고 활성화 처리 후 배양하였을 때 분할율은 45.0%, 배반포기까지 발달율은 11.3%였으나, 극체 방출란만을 모아서 활성화처리를 하였을 때 분할율은 94.2%, 배반포기까지 발달율은 42.5%로 급격하게 향상되었다. 이상의 결과로 퇴행란과 극체 미방출란을 제거하고 실험에 활용한다면 배양 효과를 확인하거나 배아 생명 공학에 활용할 때 좀더 유리 할 것으로 사료된다.

In vitro Culture Conditions for the Mouse Preantral Follicles Isolated by Enzyme Treatment

  • Kim, Dong-Hoon;Seong, Hwan-Hoo;Lee, Ho-Joon
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • 제21권4호
    • /
    • pp.532-537
    • /
    • 2008
  • In order to investigate the factors affecting the culture of mouse preantral follicles in vitro, we examined the effect of culture media, protein supplements, and culture period on their growth. The oocyte diameter (initial size: $55.6{\pm}2.5{\mu}m$) was progressively increased during culture, and the maximum size ($72.0{\pm}2.4{\mu}m$) was reached on day 10 of the in vitro culture. The chromatin configuration in the germinal vesicle (GV) oocyte progressively shifted from a non-surrounded nucleolus (NSN) to a surrounded nucleolus (SN). On day 10 of the culture, most of the oocytes progressed to the SN pattern. The survival and metaphase II rates of the oocytes in alpha-minimal essential medium (alpha-MEM) were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those in Waymouth and tissue culture medium (TCM)-199. As a protein source, fetal bovine serum (FBS) was more suitable for the culture of mouse preantral follicles as compared to human follicular fluid (hFF) and bovine serum albumin (BSA); the optimal concentration of FBS was 5%. These results suggest that in a culture of mouse preantral follicles, alpha-MEM and 5% FBS are an optimal medium and a protein source, respectively; further, the 10 days of culture is required for the complete growth of oocytes in this culture system.